在雅思口語備考過程中，考生對口語的恐懼要遠(yuǎn)勝于其他三科，主要體現(xiàn)在無從下手寝蹈。大部分問題用中式思維的因果介紹都顯得特別單薄李命，沒有一定的具體度。但是重視思維的一般解答方法通常都是：遇到問題箫老，解釋原因封字，然后就不知道如何再繼續(xù)進行口語會話了。因此槽惫，很多考生在備考的過程中周叮，除了會去收集很多如broaden my horizon, cultivate my temperament或是strengthen family bond這樣的短語情感表達(dá)之外，就不知道能夠如何有效的備考口語了界斜。
本文將介紹的是運用發(fā)散性思維進行雅思備考仿耽。發(fā)散思維(Divergent Thinking)，指大腦在思維時呈現(xiàn)的一種擴散狀態(tài)的思維模式各薇，它表現(xiàn)為思維視野廣闊项贺，思維呈現(xiàn)出多維發(fā)散狀。在口語中峭判，朗閣海外考試研究中心的老師將把發(fā)散性思維分為經(jīng)歷型發(fā)散开缎，類別型發(fā)散，互補型發(fā)散和特性發(fā)散林螃。
1
經(jīng)歷型發(fā)散
經(jīng)歷型發(fā)散是將關(guān)鍵詞或者短語奕删，轉(zhuǎn)換成個人經(jīng)歷進行思維擴散。主要從事情的時間（when）疗认，地點（where）完残，內(nèi)容（what），人物（who）横漏，做事情的頻率（how often）谨设，時長（how long）以及個人感受（why）等方面進行思維發(fā)散。對于雅思口語中的基本問題缎浇，大家可以使用上述方法進行備考扎拣。
如近期Part 1的高頻話題snack, 我們就可以用以下方法。首先根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞進行發(fā)散：
When: watching TV; during the break of class; watching movie
Where: at home; in the cinema; in the classroom
What: chocolate bar; candy; sunflower seeds; peanuts; crisps; beef jerky; nuts; cookies
Who: share with family members; friends; roommates; and classmates
How often: almost every day
Why: kill time; keep focused at class; yummy…
下面我們來看問題：
What kinds of snacks do you like to eat?
Normally, I will give my preference to sweet food such as chocolate bars, candies and cookies. I eat them almost everyday when I watch TV or movie, or sometimes during the break of the class. For me, sweet snacks are all quite yummy.
以經(jīng)歷進行發(fā)散來回答基本問題的話素跺，我們可以避免用詞的重復(fù)度二蓝，同樣也可以較好地避免因果關(guān)系進行描述，使回答內(nèi)容和句型都更加多樣性指厌。
2
類別型發(fā)散
類別型發(fā)散是指對關(guān)鍵詞或者話題進行分類刊愚，構(gòu)思關(guān)鍵詞下面的各個平行類別，并且按照類型進行逐個分析仑乌。
常見的分類話題有：
在這里輸入你的內(nèi)容百拓，注意不要用退格鍵把所有文字刪除，請保留一個或者用鼠標(biāo)選取后直接輸入晰甚，防止格式錯亂衙传。
以工作類Part 3話題為例，我們可以進行如下回答：
What are the well-paid jobs in your country?
In terms of jobs with decent salaries, the first one come to my mind is civil servant. Their works are relatively stable and of real satisfying welfare. Also, doctors can obtain high payment. The main reason is that it is a quite demanding job. Beside, sales reps can probably procure high income once they own good performance.
長期訓(xùn)練關(guān)鍵詞分類厕九，有助于考試過程中從多方面蓖捶，多角度思考問題，使得回答顯得更加全面扁远，有說服力俊鱼。此外，這樣可以有效增加考試時的靈活應(yīng)變能力畅买。
3
互補型發(fā)散
互補型發(fā)散即在提及話題時并闲，能夠快速的想到話題反面，并且進行對比來對話題進行論證谷羞。
常見互補關(guān)鍵詞或者方面如：
countryside-city center
weekend-workdays
home-made-dining out
being alone-be with friends
small company-big company
paper books-electronic books
light color-dark color
formal occasion-casual occasion
individual sport-group sport
male’s preference-female’s preference
outdoor activity-indoor activity
public transport-private transport
abroad-within the country
long distance-short distance
modern-traditional
western-eastern
…
例題：
Why do Chinese people like to travel abroad?
Actually, compared with traveling within in the country, overseas traveling is more attractive. They are able to experience a wholly different culture and encounter local residents who will use the different language. Also, by traveling to foreign countries, people can fulfill their satisfaction by purchasing the luxury good of relatively lower price than that in China. These are the reasons why Chinese people show their preference to outbound trips.
通過發(fā)散思考話題對立面帝火，我們能夠有更多的內(nèi)容進行表達(dá)。同時湃缎，通過對立面的對比和解析犀填，觀點的描述會更有說服力。建議在備考的過程中能夠多通過正反面進行互相論證嗓违，增強辯證性思維能力九巡。
4
特性發(fā)散
特性發(fā)散主要針對話題或者關(guān)鍵詞特性進行思維發(fā)散，如clothes, electronic device, hometown, film等蹂季。與其他發(fā)散方式不同的是冕广，我們可以對于話題進行多方面的自由發(fā)散，并且對發(fā)散的點可以再次拓展乏盐。這樣有助于對話題的問題進行一定的預(yù)測佳窑，并且能夠?qū)υ掝}進行多特性回答。
Clothes: brand; color; material; price; style; pattern; place for shopping…
Electronic device: brand; function; appearance; price…
Hometown: food; scenery; traffic; weather & climate; people…
Film: Chinese film; screen; actress; soundtrack; background…
例題：
What clothes do you usually like to wear?
I feel like wearing clothes of common brand and light color. For example, casual clothes like T-shirt or jeans, they are affordable by most of students and also free-styled. I prefer light color coz it can always help me to stand out.
對于一個話題父能，我們可以從話題的各方面進行構(gòu)思神凑，這樣能夠?qū)τ谠掝}更全面的回答。
5
總結(jié)
建議每位考生在備考的過程中能夠運用上述方法進行話題構(gòu)思何吝，提前把每一個可能的考點準(zhǔn)備到溉委，并且在發(fā)散點的擴充中提高詞匯儲備量和辯證思維能力。
