1学赛、原理
Vue的雙向數(shù)據(jù)綁定的原理相信大家也都十分了解了案糙,主要是通過(guò)Object對(duì)象的defineProperty屬性铃在,重寫(xiě)data的set和get函數(shù)來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)的
,這里對(duì)原理不做過(guò)多描述,主要還是來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)一個(gè)實(shí)例庭砍。為了使代碼更加的清晰性置,這里只會(huì)實(shí)現(xiàn)最基本的內(nèi)容拾并,主要實(shí)現(xiàn)v-model,v-bind 和v-click三個(gè)命令鹏浅,其他命令也可以自行補(bǔ)充嗅义。
添加網(wǎng)上的一張圖
2、實(shí)現(xiàn)
頁(yè)面結(jié)構(gòu)很簡(jiǎn)單隐砸,如下
<div id="app">
<form>
<input type="text" v-model="number">
<button type="button" v-click="increment">增加</button>
</form>
<h3 v-bind="number"></h3>
</div>
包含:
1\. 一個(gè)input芥喇,使用v-model指令
2\. 一個(gè)button,使用v-click指令
3\. 一個(gè)h3凰萨,使用v-bind指令。
我們最后會(huì)通過(guò)類(lèi)似于vue的方式來(lái)使用我們的雙向數(shù)據(jù)綁定械馆,結(jié)合我們的數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)添加注釋
var app = new myVue({
el:'#app',
data: {
number: 0
},
methods: {
increment: function() {
this.number ++;
},
}
})
首先我們需要定義一個(gè)myVue構(gòu)造函數(shù):
function myVue(options) {
}
為了初始化這個(gè)構(gòu)造函數(shù)胖眷,給它添加一 個(gè)_init屬性
function myVue(options) {
this._init(options);
}
myVue.prototype._init = function (options) {
this.$options = options; // options 為上面使用時(shí)傳入的結(jié)構(gòu)體,包括el,data,methods
this.$el = document.querySelector(options.el); // el是 #app, this.$el是id為app的Element元素
this.$data = options.data; // this.$data = {number: 0}
this.$methods = options.methods; // this.$methods = {increment: function(){}}
}
接下來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)_obverse函數(shù)霹崎,對(duì)data進(jìn)行處理珊搀,重寫(xiě)data的set和get函數(shù)
并改造_init函數(shù)
myVue.prototype._obverse = function (obj) { // obj = {number: 0}
var value;
for (key in obj) { //遍歷obj對(duì)象
if (obj.hasOwnProperty(key)) {
value = obj[key];
if (typeof value === 'object') { //如果值還是對(duì)象,則遍歷處理
this._obverse(value);
}
Object.defineProperty(this.$data, key, { //關(guān)鍵
enumerable: true,
configurable: true,
get: function () {
console.log(`獲取${value}`);
return value;
},
set: function (newVal) {
console.log(`更新${newVal}`);
if (value !== newVal) {
value = newVal;
}
}
})
}
}
}
myVue.prototype._init = function (options) {
this.$options = options;
this.$el = document.querySelector(options.el);
this.$data = options.data;
this.$methods = options.methods;
this._obverse(this.$data);
}
接下來(lái)我們寫(xiě)一個(gè)指令類(lèi)Watcher尾菇,用來(lái)綁定更新函數(shù)境析,實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)DOM元素的更新
function Watcher(name, el, vm, exp, attr) {
this.name = name; //指令名稱(chēng)囚枪,例如文本節(jié)點(diǎn),該值設(shè)為"text"
this.el = el; //指令對(duì)應(yīng)的DOM元素
this.vm = vm; //指令所屬myVue實(shí)例
this.exp = exp; //指令對(duì)應(yīng)的值劳淆,本例如"number"
this.attr = attr; //綁定的屬性值链沼,本例為"innerHTML"
this.update();
}
Watcher.prototype.update = function () {
this.el[this.attr] = this.vm.$data[this.exp]; //比如 H3.innerHTML = this.data.number; 當(dāng)number改變時(shí),會(huì)觸發(fā)這個(gè)update函數(shù)沛鸵,保證對(duì)應(yīng)的DOM內(nèi)容進(jìn)行了更新括勺。
}
更新_init函數(shù)以及_obverse函數(shù)
myVue.prototype._init = function (options) {
//...
this._binding = {}; //_binding保存著model與view的映射關(guān)系,也就是我們前面定義的Watcher的實(shí)例曲掰。當(dāng)model改變時(shí)疾捍,我們會(huì)觸發(fā)其中的指令類(lèi)更新,保證view也能實(shí)時(shí)更新
//...
}
myVue.prototype._obverse = function (obj) {
//...
if (obj.hasOwnProperty(key)) {
this._binding[key] = { // 按照前面的數(shù)據(jù)栏妖,_binding = {number: _directives: []}
_directives: []
};
//...
var binding = this._binding[key];
Object.defineProperty(this.$data, key, {
//...
set: function (newVal) {
console.log(`更新${newVal}`);
if (value !== newVal) {
value = newVal;
binding._directives.forEach(function (item) { // 當(dāng)number改變時(shí)乱豆,觸發(fā)_binding[number]._directives 中的綁定的Watcher類(lèi)的更新
item.update();
})
}
}
})
}
}
}
那么如何將view與model進(jìn)行綁定呢?接下來(lái)我們定義一個(gè)_compile函數(shù)吊趾,用來(lái)解析我們的指令(v-bind,v-model,v-clickde)等宛裕,并在這個(gè)過(guò)程中對(duì)view與model進(jìn)行綁定。
myVue.prototype._init = function (options) {
//...
this._complie(this.$el);
}
myVue.prototype._complie = function (root) { root 為 id為app的Element元素趾徽,也就是我們的根元素
var _this = this;
var nodes = root.children;
for (var i = 0; i < nodes.length; i++) {
var node = nodes[i];
if (node.children.length) { // 對(duì)所有元素進(jìn)行遍歷续滋,并進(jìn)行處理
this._complie(node);
}
if (node.hasAttribute('v-click')) { // 如果有v-click屬性,我們監(jiān)聽(tīng)它的onclick事件孵奶,觸發(fā)increment事件疲酌,即number++
node.onclick = (function () {
var attrVal = nodes[i].getAttribute('v-click');
return _this.$methods[attrVal].bind(_this.$data); //bind是使data的作用域與method函數(shù)的作用域保持一致
})();
}
if (node.hasAttribute('v-model') && (node.tagName == 'INPUT' || node.tagName == 'TEXTAREA')) { // 如果有v-model屬性,并且元素是INPUT或者TEXTAREA了袁,我們監(jiān)聽(tīng)它的input事件
node.addEventListener('input', (function(key) {
var attrVal = node.getAttribute('v-model');
//_this._binding['number']._directives = [一個(gè)Watcher實(shí)例]
// 其中Watcher.prototype.update = function () {
// node['vaule'] = _this.$data['number']; 這就將node的值保持與number一致
// }
_this._binding[attrVal]._directives.push(new Watcher(
'input',
node,
_this,
attrVal,
'value'
))
return function() {
_this.$data[attrVal] = nodes[key].value; // 使number 的值與 node的value保持一致朗恳,已經(jīng)實(shí)現(xiàn)了雙向綁定
}
})(i));
}
if (node.hasAttribute('v-bind')) { // 如果有v-bind屬性,我們只要使node的值及時(shí)更新為data中number的值即可
var attrVal = node.getAttribute('v-bind');
_this._binding[attrVal]._directives.push(new Watcher(
'text',
node,
_this,
attrVal,
'innerHTML'
))
}
}
}
至此载绿,我們已經(jīng)實(shí)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單vue的雙向綁定功能粥诫,包括v-bind, v-model, v-click三個(gè)指令。效果如下圖
[圖片上傳失敗...(image-e82522-1536566993539)]
附上全部代碼崭庸,不到150行
<!DOCTYPE html>
<head>
<title>myVue</title>
</head>
<style>
#app {
text-align: center;
}
</style>
<body>
<div id="app">
<form>
<input type="text" v-model="number">
<button type="button" v-click="increment">增加</button>
</form>
<h3 v-bind="number"></h3>
<form>
<input type="text" v-model="count">
<button type="button" v-click="incre">增加</button>
</form>
<h3 v-bind="count"></h3>
</div>
</body>
<script>
function myVue(options) {
this._init(options);
}
myVue.prototype._init = function (options) {
this.$options = options;
this.$el = document.querySelector(options.el);
this.$data = options.data;
this.$methods = options.methods;
this._binding = {};
this._obverse(this.$data);
this._complie(this.$el);
}
myVue.prototype._obverse = function (obj) {
var _this = this;
Object.keys(obj).forEach(function (key) {
if (obj.hasOwnProperty(key)) {
_this._binding[key] = {
_directives: []
};
console.log(_this._binding[key])
var value = obj[key];
if (typeof value === 'object') {
_this._obverse(value);
}
var binding = _this._binding[key];
Object.defineProperty(_this.$data, key, {
enumerable: true,
configurable: true,
get: function () {
console.log(`${key}獲取${value}`);
return value;
},
set: function (newVal) {
console.log(`${key}更新${newVal}`);
if (value !== newVal) {
value = newVal;
binding._directives.forEach(function (item) {
item.update();
})
}
}
})
}
})
}
myVue.prototype._complie = function (root) {
var _this = this;
var nodes = root.children;
for (var i = 0; i < nodes.length; i++) {
var node = nodes[i];
if (node.children.length) {
this._complie(node);
}
if (node.hasAttribute('v-click')) {
node.onclick = (function () {
var attrVal = nodes[i].getAttribute('v-click');
return _this.$methods[attrVal].bind(_this.$data);
})();
}
if (node.hasAttribute('v-model') && (node.tagName == 'INPUT' || node.tagName == 'TEXTAREA')) {
node.addEventListener('input', (function(key) {
var attrVal = node.getAttribute('v-model');
_this._binding[attrVal]._directives.push(new Watcher(
'input',
node,
_this,
attrVal,
'value'
))
return function() {
_this.$data[attrVal] = nodes[key].value;
}
})(i));
}
if (node.hasAttribute('v-bind')) {
var attrVal = node.getAttribute('v-bind');
_this._binding[attrVal]._directives.push(new Watcher(
'text',
node,
_this,
attrVal,
'innerHTML'
))
}
}
}
function Watcher(name, el, vm, exp, attr) {
this.name = name; //指令名稱(chēng)怀浆,例如文本節(jié)點(diǎn),該值設(shè)為"text"
this.el = el; //指令對(duì)應(yīng)的DOM元素
this.vm = vm; //指令所屬myVue實(shí)例
this.exp = exp; //指令對(duì)應(yīng)的值怕享,本例如"number"
this.attr = attr; //綁定的屬性值执赡,本例為"innerHTML"
this.update();
}
Watcher.prototype.update = function () {
this.el[this.attr] = this.vm.$data[this.exp];
}
window.onload = function() {
var app = new myVue({
el:'#app',
data: {
number: 0,
count: 0,
},
methods: {
increment: function() {
this.number ++;
},
incre: function() {
this.count ++;
}
}
})
}
</script>