先引入依賴

//這個是google官方擴展的ViewModel庫支持協(xié)程操作
implementation 'androidx.lifecycle:lifecycle-viewmodel-ktx:2.1.0'

//kotlin協(xié)程依賴
implementation 'org.jetbrains.kotlinx:kotlinx-coroutines-android:1.3.1'

//retrofit2.6以上
implementation 'com.squareup.retrofit2:retrofit:2.6.2'
implementation 'com.squareup.retrofit2:converter-gson:2.6.1'

implementation 'com.jakewharton.retrofit:retrofit2-kotlin-coroutines-adapter:0.9.2'

初始化網(wǎng)絡設置

object RetrofitClient {
    val BASE_URL = "https://wanandroid.com"
    val api by lazy {
        val retrofit = Retrofit.Builder()
            .baseUrl(BASE_URL)
            .addConverterFactory(GsonConverterFactory.create())
            .addCallAdapterFactory(CoroutineCallAdapterFactory.invoke())
            .build()
        return@lazy retrofit.create(RequestService::class.java)
    }
}

interface RequestService {
    @GET("wxarticle/chapters/json")
    suspend fun getData(): ArticleData
}

data class ArticleData(
    val `data`: List<Data>?,
    val errorCode: Int,
    val errorMsg: String?
)

data class Data(
    val courseId: Int,
    val id: Int,
    val name: String,
    val order: Int,
    val parentChapterId: Int,
    val userControlSetTop: Boolean,
    val visible: Int
)

class CommViewModel : ViewModel() {
     fun getData() {
        viewModelScope.launch {
            val data = RetrofitClient.api.getData1()
            Log.i(TAG, ": ${data.data}")
        }
    }
    
    override fun onCleared() {
        super.onCleared()
        //ViewModel銷毀的時候拇泛，取消所有的協(xié)程
        viewModelScope.coroutineContext.cancelChildren()
    }

    companion object {
        val TAG: String = CommViewModel::class.java.simpleName
    }
}

在網(wǎng)上看了很多的博客滨巴，大部分都是如上這樣子介紹一些比較簡單的使用，但是如果要深入一點俺叭，比如網(wǎng)絡請求的onFailure判斷，在網(wǎng)上翻閱到的資料并不是太滿意泰偿，最后還是自己封裝一個熄守。

1.新建一個ApiResponse類,主要用來包裝網(wǎng)絡請求返回的onResponse、onFailure數(shù)據(jù)

 class ApiResponse<T> {
    var code = SUCCESS_CODE
    var body: T? = null
    var msg: String? = null

    constructor(response: Response<T>) {
        body = response.body()
    }

    constructor(t: T) {
        body = t
    }

    constructor(throwable: Throwable) {
        body = null
        code = ERROR_CODE

        //對異常進行判斷耗跛，這個是我隨便寫的一點裕照，可以寫一個工具類給封裝起來
        msg = when (throwable) {
            is SocketTimeoutException -> "超時"
            is HttpException -> {
                when (throwable.code()) {
                    404 -> "沒有找到合適的資源"
                    500 -> "服務器內部錯誤"
                    else -> throwable.message()
                }
            }
            is JSONException -> "json解析異常"
            is UnknownHostException -> "網(wǎng)絡異常"
            else -> throwable.message
        }
    }

    companion object {
        private const val TAG = "ApiResponse"
        const val ERROR_CODE = 99999
        const val SUCCESS_CODE = 200
        fun error(throwable: Throwable): ApiResponse<*> {
            return ApiResponse<Any?>(throwable)
        }
    }
}

2.再使用kotlin的擴展函數(shù)對ViewModel進行擴展 ，讓所有的ViewModel類都能使用 call() 方法调塌，主要是進行異常的邏輯處理

suspend fun <T> ViewModel.call(job: suspend () -> T): ApiResponse<T> {
    return try {
        ApiResponse(job())
    } catch (e: java.lang.Exception) {
        ApiResponse(e)
    }
}

請求最后會變成如下這樣

fun getData() {
        viewModelScope.launch {
            val data = call {
                RetrofitClient.api.getData1()
            }
            //表示有異常
            if (data.code == ApiResponse.ERROR_CODE) {
                Log.i(TAG, ": ${data.msg}")
                return@launch
            }
            //取出我們后臺接口返回的數(shù)據(jù)
            val body = data.body
            body?.let {
                if (it.errorCode == ApiResponse.SUCCESS_CODE) {
                    Log.i(TAG, ": ${it.data}")
                }
            }
        }
    }