Chapter 9 Where do we go from here?
最后一章,作者描繪了一個(gè)非常好的愿景,如果刻意練習(xí)被廣泛采用,人們將更有效的學(xué)習(xí)和工作寡具,人類有更大的空間發(fā)揮潛能。學(xué)會(huì)刻意練習(xí)稚补,可以更好的掌控自己的人生童叠。
Imagine a world in which doctors, teachers, engineers, pilots, computer programmers, and many other professionals honed their skills in the same way that violinists, chess players, and ballerinas do now. Imagine a world in which 50 percent of the people in these professions learn to perform at the level that only the top 5 percent manage today. What would that mean for our health care, our educational system, our technology?
現(xiàn)階段,刻意練習(xí)在其可應(yīng)用的領(lǐng)域课幕,還有存在很多實(shí)際問題厦坛。
運(yùn)動(dòng)員的訓(xùn)練領(lǐng)域
-問題
即使在刻意練習(xí)最受重視的運(yùn)動(dòng)員,教練的領(lǐng)域乍惊,也存在不少問題:
1. 大部分運(yùn)動(dòng)員采用的是團(tuán)體訓(xùn)練杜秸,而不是針對(duì)個(gè)人的量身定制的有效訓(xùn)練;
2. 對(duì)優(yōu)秀運(yùn)動(dòng)員的心理表征知之甚少润绎;
3.擁有有效心理表征的優(yōu)秀運(yùn)動(dòng)員不知道自己為什么會(huì)比別人優(yōu)秀撬碟,反之成績(jī)稍差的運(yùn)動(dòng)員也不知道他們的心理表征跟優(yōu)秀運(yùn)動(dòng)員相比,差距在哪里莉撇。
- 結(jié)論
It is clear there is great potential for improvement by focusing on individualized training and the assessment of the athletes’ mental representations.?
教育領(lǐng)域
- 問題
1. 傳統(tǒng)教育是知識(shí)導(dǎo)向型呢蛤,應(yīng)該是技能導(dǎo)向型教育,即技能對(duì)知識(shí)棍郎,學(xué)知識(shí)是為了提高技能其障;
2. 傳統(tǒng)教育的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是零散的,不能把知識(shí)相互關(guān)聯(lián)涂佃,這是短期記憶造成的励翼。如果知識(shí)內(nèi)化粮揉,形成有效的心理表征,知識(shí)信息會(huì)更有效抚笔;
- 解決問題
1. 建立有效心理表征不是靠想,而是靠做侨拦,嘗試殊橙,失敗,不斷地嘗試狱从,技能在這個(gè)不停嘗試的過程中提高膨蛮,同時(shí)吸收大量知識(shí);
2. 有效的課程應(yīng)該是讓學(xué)生知道做什么而是學(xué)到什么
3. 當(dāng)教授某項(xiàng)技能時(shí)季研,把課程拆分成一系列步驟敞葛,每次掌握一步,至到完成与涡。
“Generally speaking, in almost any area of education the most useful learning objectives will be those that help students develop effective mental representations.”
成為“practicing man” 來掌握你的人生惹谐,挖掘你的無限可能。
words
1. come along for the ride 隨之而來驼卖,順便
原文: It then turns out that the knowing part comes along for the ride.