動態(tài)URL
運行已經(jīng)做好的博客框架, 會發(fā)現(xiàn)一個問題, 只有一個主頁的空盒子, 而大部分時候我們希望能夠讓每篇博客文章都有一個獨立的頁面.
我第一個想到的方法是給每篇博客文章加一個view函數(shù)邏輯, 然后設(shè)置一個獨立的url(我不知道語言比如PHP, 或者web框架rail等是如果解決的, 我是第一次仔細(xì)的學(xué)習(xí)web框架, 也沒有前端開發(fā)經(jīng)驗), 但是這種方法耦合性太強, 而且用戶不友好, 缺點非常多
Django給我們提供了一個方便的解決方法, 就是動態(tài)URL
現(xiàn)在修改my_blog/article/views.py代碼:
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from django.shortcuts import render
from django.http import HttpResponse
from article.models import Article
from datetime import datetime
from django.http import Http404
# Create your views here.
def home(request):
post_list = Article.objects.all() #獲取全部的Article對象
return render(request, 'home.html', {'post_list' : post_list})
def detail(request, id):
try:
post = Article.objects.get(id=str(id))
except Article.DoesNotExist:
raise Http404
return render(request, 'post.html', {'post' : post})
因為id是每個博文的唯一標(biāo)識, 所以這里使用id對數(shù)據(jù)庫中的博文進(jìn)行查找
在my_blog/my_blog/urls.py中修改url設(shè)置:
from django.conf.urls import patterns, include, url
from django.contrib import admin
urlpatterns = patterns('',
# Examples:
# url(r'^$', 'my_blog.views.home', name='home'),
# url(r'^blog/', include('blog.urls')),
url(r'^admin/', include(admin.site.urls)),
url(r'^$', 'article.views.home', name = 'home'),
url(r'^(?P<id>\d+)/$', 'article.views.detail', name='detail'),
)
然后在templates下建立一個用于顯示單頁博文的界面:
#post.html
{% extends "base.html" %}
{% block content %}
<div class="posts">
<section class="post">
<header class="post-header">
<h2 class="post-title">{{ post.title }}</h2>
<p class="post-meta">
Time: <a class="post-author" href="#">{{ post.date_time|date:"Y /m /d"}}</a> <a class="post-category post-category-js" href="#">{{ post.category }}</a>
</p>
</header>
<div class="post-description">
<p>
{{ post.content }}
</p>
</div>
</section>
</div><!-- /.blog-post -->
{% endblock %}
可以發(fā)現(xiàn)只需要對home.html進(jìn)行簡單的修改, 去掉循環(huán)就可以了.
修改home.html和base.html, 加入動態(tài)鏈接和主頁, 歸檔, 專題和About Me按鈕
<!--home.html-->
{% extends "base.html" %}
{% block content %}
<div class="posts">
{% for post in post_list %}
<section class="post">
<header class="post-header">
<h2 class="post-title"><a href="{% url "detail" id=post.id %}">{{ post.title }}</a></h2>
<p class="post-meta">
Time: <a class="post-author" href="#">{{ post.date_time |date:"Y /m /d"}}</a> <a class="post-category post-category-js" href="#">{{ post.category }}</a>
</p>
</header>
<div class="post-description">
<p>
{{ post.content }}
</p>
</div>
<a class="pure-button" href="{% url "detail" id=post.id %}">Read More >>> </a>
</section>
{% endfor %}
</div><!-- /.blog-post -->
{% endblock %}
<!--base.html-->
<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<meta name="description" content="A layout example that shows off a blog page with a list of posts.">
<title>Andrew Liu Blog</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" >
<link rel="stylesheet" >
<link rel="stylesheet" >
</head>
<body>
<div id="layout" class="pure-g">
<div class="sidebar pure-u-1 pure-u-md-1-4">
<div class="header">
<h1 class="brand-title"><a href="{% url "home" %}">Andrew Liu Blog</a></h1>
<h2 class="brand-tagline">雪憶 - Snow Memory</h2>
<nav class="nav">
<ul class="nav-list">
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="button-success pure-button" href="/">主頁</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="button-success pure-button" href="/">歸檔</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="pure-button" >Github</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="button-error pure-button" >Weibo</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="button-success pure-button" href="/">專題</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="button-success pure-button" href="/">About Me</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</div>
</div>
<div class="content pure-u-1 pure-u-md-3-4">
<div>
{% block content %}
{% endblock %}
<div class="footer">
<div class="pure-menu pure-menu-horizontal pure-menu-open">
<ul>
<li><a >About Me</a></li>
<li><a >Twitter</a></li>
<li><a >GitHub</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
其中主要改動
- 添加了幾個導(dǎo)航按鈕, 方便以后添加功能(暫時不添加登陸功能)
- 添加read more按鈕
- 在博客文章的增加一個鏈接, 鏈接的href屬性為`{% url "detail" id=post.id %}`, 當(dāng)點擊這個文章題目時, 會將對應(yīng)的數(shù)據(jù)庫對
象的id傳入的url中, 類似于url傳參, 不記得的同學(xué)可以重新回到前幾頁翻一下. 這里將數(shù)據(jù)庫對象唯一的id傳送給url設(shè)置, url
取出這個id給對應(yīng)的view中的函數(shù)邏輯當(dāng)做參數(shù). 這樣這個id就傳入對應(yīng)的參數(shù)中被使用
比如: 點擊到的博客文章標(biāo)題的對象對應(yīng)的id=2, 這個id被傳送到name=detail的url中, '^(?P<id>\d+)/$'正則表達(dá)式匹配后>取出id, 然后將id傳送到article.views.detail作為函數(shù)參數(shù), 然后通過get方法獲取對應(yīng)的數(shù)據(jù)庫對象, 然后對對應(yīng)的模板進(jìn)行渲染, 發(fā)送到瀏覽器中..
此時重新運行服務(wù)器, 然后在瀏覽器中輸入http://127.0.0.1:8000/點擊對應(yīng)的博客文章題目, 可以成功的跳轉(zhuǎn)到一個獨立的頁面中
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