Maven 基礎使用

參考 & 推薦

Eleven_Lee - 項目管理利器——maven imooc的視頻教程(2小時), 推薦看一遍, 快速入門.

配置maven的中央庫

因為種種原因, 使用國內的源會快很多, 所以這一步先做好比較省時間.
編輯~/.m2/settings.xml, 沒有該文件的話直接創(chuàng)建即可.

gedit ~/.m2/settings.xml # 直接復制下面這段內容即可

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<settings xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/SETTINGS/1.0.0"
          xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
          xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/SETTINGS/1.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/settings-1.0.0.xsd">

    <proxies>
        <proxy>
            <id>ss</id>
            <active>true</active>
            <protocol>socks5</protocol>
            <username></username>
            <password></password>
            <host>127.0.0.1</host>
            <port>1080</port>
            <nonProxyHosts>127.0.0.1</nonProxyHosts>
        </proxy>
    </proxies>

    <mirrors>
        <!-- 阿里云倉庫 -->
        <mirror>
            <id>alimaven</id>
            <mirrorOf>central</mirrorOf>
            <name>aliyun maven</name>
            <url>http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/repositories/central/</url>
        </mirror>
    <!--
        
        <mirror>
            <id>repo1</id>
            <mirrorOf>central</mirrorOf>
            <name>Human Readable Name for this Mirror.</name>
            <url>http://repo1.maven.org/maven2/</url>
        </mirror>
    

        <mirror>
            <id>repo2</id>
            <mirrorOf>central</mirrorOf>
            <name>Human Readable Name for this Mirror.</name>
            <url>http://repo2.maven.org/maven2/</url>
        </mirror>
    -->
    </mirrors> 
</settings>

約定的目錄格式

假設當前項目的根目錄是App.

App
- pom.xml
  maven項目的配置文件, 每個項目應該只有一個pom.xml
- source code
  src/main/java
  存放源代碼
- resources
  src/main/resources
  資源文件, 比如說MyBatis等的XML配置文件. 該目錄下的文件編譯之后會被復制到target/classes目錄中, 所以在代碼中直接用getResourceAsStrem()方法就能得到相應的資源文件.
- Test
  src/test
  存放測試用例
- target
  target
  存放各種目標文件
- target/classes
  target/classes
  存放編譯后的class和resources文件夾中的文件.
  class按照package建立相應的目錄結構
  src/main/resources文件夾中的文件和目錄被拷貝到該目錄下, 比如說有src/main/resources/spring/config.xml和src/main/resources/user.properties文件在src/main/resources目錄下, 那么編譯之后target/classes中就會有spring/config.xml和user.properties.

pom.xml基本配置

最簡單配置

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

  <groupId>me.xiaofud</groupId>
  <artifactId>mabatis-learning</artifactId>
  <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <packaging>jar</packaging>

</project>

根元素是<project>

You need to specify the basic schema settings such as apache schema and w3.org specification.

Model version
寫4.0.0即可
groupId
類似包名

This is an Id of project's group. This is generally unique amongst an organization or a project. For example, a banking group com.company.bank has all bank related projects.

artifactId

This is an Id of the project. This is generally name of the project. For example, consumer-banking. Along with the groupId, the artifactId defines the artifact's location within the repository.

version

This is the version of the project. Along with the groupId, It is used within an artifact's repository to separate versions from each other. For example,

com.company.bank:consumer-banking:1.0

com.company.bank:consumer-banking:1.1.

添加依賴

往pom.xml文件中加了<dependencies>, 其中添加了junit和mybatis以及mysql-connector-java的依賴. 添加依賴的最基本設置, 就是在<dependencies>內添加<dependency>. 然后輸入該依賴的groupdId, artifactId, 以及version即可. 依賴的這些屬性可以到maven中央倉庫搜索, 然后將groudId這些配置信息復制過來即可.

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

  <groupId>me.xiaofud</groupId>
  <artifactId>mabatis-learning</artifactId>
  <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <packaging>jar</packaging>

  <!--The full name of the project.-->
  <name>mabatis-learning</name>
  <!--URL-->
  <url>your web site here</url>

  <properties>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
  </properties>

  <dependencies>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>junit</groupId>
      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
      <version>4.12</version>
      <scope>compile</scope>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
      <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
      <version>3.4.2</version>
    </dependency>

    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/mysql/mysql-connector-java -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>mysql</groupId>
        <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
        <version>6.0.6</version>
    </dependency>


  </dependencies>
</project>

mvn compile 命令

在src/main/java中寫幾個Java類, 然后往src/main/resources文件中加一些資源文件, 就能很快使用maven進行一次編譯. 將命令行的工作目錄設定到項目的根目錄, 輸入:

mvn compile

即可執(zhí)行編譯.
輸出結果:

[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO]                                                                         
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Building mabatis-learning 1.0-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.3:resources (default-resources) @ mabatis-learning ---
[INFO] Using 'UTF-8' encoding to copy filtered resources.
[INFO] Copying 5 resources
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.2:compile (default-compile) @ mabatis-learning ---
[INFO] Changes detected - recompiling the module!
[INFO] Compiling 9 source files to /home/smallfly/programming_projects/java/spring/mabatislearning/target/classes
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 1.377 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2017-11-07T23:51:47+08:00
[INFO] Final Memory: 13M/156M
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

此時發(fā)現(xiàn)當前目錄下出現(xiàn)了target文件夾, 里面的目錄樹如下:

target/
├── classes
│   ├── mapping
│   │   ├── job-mapper.xml
│   │   └── syllabus-mapper.xml
│   ├── me
│   │   └── xiaofud
│   │       ├── dao
│   │       │   ├── JobDao.class
│   │       │   └── SyllabusDao.class
│   │       ├── entity
│   │       │   ├── Comment.class
│   │       │   ├── Job.class
│   │       │   ├── Post.class
│   │       │   └── User.class
│   │       └── tests
│   │           ├── JobDaoTest.class
│   │           ├── SyllabusTest.class
│   │           └── TestWithoutXML.class
│   ├── mybatis-config.xml
│   ├── mybatis-syllabus-config.xml
│   └── properties
│       └── database.properties

對比src/main文件

src/
├── main
│   ├── java
│   │   └── me
│   │       └── xiaofud
│   │           ├── dao
│   │           │   ├── JobDao.java
│   │           │   └── SyllabusDao.java
│   │           ├── entity
│   │           │   ├── Comment.java
│   │           │   ├── Job.java
│   │           │   ├── Post.java
│   │           │   └── User.java
│   │           └── tests
│   │               ├── JobDaoTest.java
│   │               ├── SyllabusTest.java
│   │               └── TestWithoutXML.java
│   └── resources
│       ├── mapping
│       │   ├── job-mapper.xml
│       │   └── syllabus-mapper.xml
│       ├── mybatis-config.xml
│       ├── mybatis-syllabus-config.xml
│       └── properties
│           └── database.properties
└── test
    └── java
        └── me
            └── xiaofud
                └── AppTest.java

使用maven生成WAR文件, 方便直接部署到Web容器中運行.

Maven-war-plugin/usage

項目結構

├── pom.xml
├── springmvc101.iml
└── src
    └── main
        ├── java
        │   └── me
        │       └── xiaofud
        │           └── spring101
        │               └── controllers
        │                   └── MainController.java
        ├── resources
        │   └── dispatcher-servlet.xml
        ├── test
        └── webapp
            ├── index.html
            ├── index.jsp
            └── WEB-INF
                └── web.xml

pom.xml

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <groupId>me.xiaofud</groupId>
  <artifactId>springmvc101</artifactId>
  <packaging>war</packaging>
  <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <name>springmvc101 Maven Webapp</name>
  <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>

  <dependencies>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>junit</groupId>
      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
      <version>4.12</version>
      <scope>compile</scope>
    </dependency>

      <dependency>
          <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
          <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
          <version>4.3.8.RELEASE</version>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
          <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
          <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
          <version>4.3.8.RELEASE</version>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
          <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
          <artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId>
          <version>4.3.8.RELEASE</version>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
          <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
          <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
          <version>4.3.8.RELEASE</version>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
          <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
          <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
          <version>4.3.8.RELEASE</version>
      </dependency>


  </dependencies>

  <build>
    <finalName>springmvc101</finalName>
  </build>

</project>

注意<packaging>war</packaging>, 指明了打包目標為war類型.
在pom.xml所在目錄, 直接運行:

mvn package

輸出:

[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO]                                                                         
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Building springmvc101 Maven Webapp 1.0-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.3:resources (default-resources) @ springmvc101 ---
[WARNING] Using platform encoding (UTF-8 actually) to copy filtered resources, i.e. build is platform dependent!
[INFO] Copying 1 resource
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.2:compile (default-compile) @ springmvc101 ---
[INFO] Changes detected - recompiling the module!
[WARNING] File encoding has not been set, using platform encoding UTF-8, i.e. build is platform dependent!
[INFO] Compiling 1 source file to /home/smallfly/programming_projects/java/spring/springmvc101/target/classes
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.3:testResources (default-testResources) @ springmvc101 ---
[WARNING] Using platform encoding (UTF-8 actually) to copy filtered resources, i.e. build is platform dependent!
[INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory /home/smallfly/programming_projects/java/spring/springmvc101/src/test/resources
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.2:testCompile (default-testCompile) @ springmvc101 ---
[INFO] No sources to compile
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-surefire-plugin:2.17:test (default-test) @ springmvc101 ---
[INFO] No tests to run.
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-war-plugin:2.1.1:war (default-war) @ springmvc101 ---
[INFO] Packaging webapp
[INFO] Assembling webapp [springmvc101] in [/home/smallfly/programming_projects/java/spring/springmvc101/target/springmvc101]
[INFO] Processing war project
[INFO] Copying webapp resources [/home/smallfly/programming_projects/java/spring/springmvc101/src/main/webapp]
[INFO] Webapp assembled in [56 msecs]
[INFO] Building war: /home/smallfly/programming_projects/java/spring/springmvc101/target/springmvc101.war
[INFO] WEB-INF/web.xml already added, skipping
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 2.125 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2017-11-09T00:04:25+08:00
[INFO] Final Memory: 18M/191M
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

target目錄結構:

├── classes
│   ├── dispatcher-servlet.xml
│   └── me
│       └── xiaofud
│           └── spring101
│               └── controllers
│                   └── MainController.class
├── maven-archiver
│   └── pom.properties
├── maven-status
│   └── maven-compiler-plugin
│       └── compile
│           └── default-compile
│               ├── createdFiles.lst
│               └── inputFiles.lst
├── springmvc101
│   ├── index.html
│   ├── index.jsp
│   ├── META-INF
│   └── WEB-INF
│       ├── classes
│       │   ├── dispatcher-servlet.xml
│       │   └── me
│       │       └── xiaofud
│       │           └── spring101
│       │               └── controllers
│       │                   └── MainController.class
│       ├── lib
│       │   ├── aspectjweaver-1.8.9.jar
│       │   ├── commons-logging-1.2.jar
│       │   ├── hamcrest-core-1.3.jar
│       │   ├── junit-4.12.jar
│       │   ├── spring-aop-4.3.8.RELEASE.jar
│       │   ├── spring-aspects-4.3.8.RELEASE.jar
│       │   ├── spring-beans-4.3.8.RELEASE.jar
│       │   ├── spring-context-4.3.8.RELEASE.jar
│       │   ├── spring-core-4.3.8.RELEASE.jar
│       │   ├── spring-expression-4.3.8.RELEASE.jar
│       │   ├── spring-web-4.3.8.RELEASE.jar
│       │   └── spring-webmvc-4.3.8.RELEASE.jar
│       └── web.xml
└── springmvc101.war

可以看到, mvn幫我們生成了war文件, 以及war-exploded形式的文件夾(springmvc101).
我們將.war文件或者war-exploded文件夾直接拷貝到Tomcat容器的webapps目錄下, 即完成了部署.

如果packaging的值不是war

使用war:war goal

mvn compile war:war # 將編譯項目, 以及生成`war`和`war-exploded`

使用war:exploded

mvn compile war:exploded # 僅僅生成`war-exploded`形式

使用war:inplace

Another variation of war:exploded is war:inplace. With war:inplace the exploded WAR is created in the webapp source, which defaults to src/main/webapp

即將war-exploded存到src/main/webapp中.

mvn compile war:inplace

finalName

存放war-exploded的文件夾名稱, 默認是target/<finalName>. 其中finalName是<artifactId>-<version>, 可以被配置覆蓋.
在<build>標簽中加入<finalName>標簽, 即可覆蓋該屬性.

  <build>
    <finalName>springmvc101</finalName>
  </build>

mvn clean

用于刪除上一次build過后產生的文件.

mvn archetype的簡單使用

introduction-to-archetypes
archetype - usage
mkyong - How to create a Web Application Project with Maven
使用archetype可以快速創(chuàng)建指定類型的項目骨架.
以創(chuàng)建webapp骨架為例, 介紹使用mvn archetype的使用.
在希望存放項目的目錄中運行:

mvn archetype:generate -DgroupId=your_group_id -DartifactId=your_project_name -DarchetypeArtifactId=maven-archetype-webapp -DinteractiveMode=false

如果希望進入交互模式創(chuàng)建項目, 那么直接mvn archetype:generate即可.
實例:

mvn archetype:generate -DgroupId=me.xiaofu.d -DartifactId=amazingapp -DarchetypeArtifactId=maven-archetype-webapp -DinteractiveMode=false

生成的項目骨架:

tree amazingapp/

amazingapp/
├── pom.xml
└── src
    └── main
        ├── resources
        └── webapp
            ├── index.jsp
            └── WEB-INF
                └── web.xml

最后編輯于：2017.12.11 11:03:59

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