二塘偎、MySQL查詢

1项栏、SQL的分類

Select查詢語句
DML語句（數(shù)據(jù)操作語言） Insert / Update / Delete
DDL語句（數(shù)據(jù)定義語言） Create / Alter / Drop / Truncate(刪除數(shù)據(jù)立即生效)
DCL語句（數(shù)據(jù)控制語言） Grant（賦于權(quán)限） / Revoke（回收權(quán)限）
事務(wù)控制語句TCL Commit / Rollback

SELECT [DISTINCT] {*, column [alias], ...}  FROM table [WHERE   condition(s)];

1女蜈、全列/投影查詢

SELECT  employees.department_id, employees.first_name , employees.last_name ,employees.manager_id ,employees.phone_int,  employees.hire_date  FROM employees;

SELECT * FROM departments;

2澜共、算術(shù)操作符
- 對NUMBER型數(shù)據(jù)可以使用算數(shù)操作符創(chuàng)建表達(dá)式（+ - * /）

SELECT first_name ,last_name , salary*12  salarys FROM employees;

3怜跑、空值
1样勃、空值是指不可用吠勘、未分配的值,也就是沒有值。
2峡眶、空值不等于零或空格
3剧防、任意類型都可以支持空值，也就是說任何類型的字段都可以允許空值作為值的存在

注意:包括空值的任何算術(shù)表達(dá)式都等于空

SELECT `employees`.`commission_pct` FROM employees WHERE employee_id = 206;

4辫樱、去重
distinct關(guān)鍵字可以用于一列峭拘，也可以用于多列

SELECT  DISTINCT `employees`.`department_id` FROM employees  WHERE department_id is not NULL;

SELECT  DISTINCT `employees`.`department_id` ,`employees`.`jod_id` FROM employees;

5、where條件中的字符串和日期

注意：
1狮暑、字符串和日期要用單引號擴(kuò)起來
2鸡挠、數(shù)字類型直接書寫
3、字符串是大小寫不敏感的,日期值是格式敏感的
4搬男、字符串敏感宵凌，需要添加binary關(guān)鍵字

SELECT * FROM employees WHERE hire_date = '1989-09-21';

SELECT  `employees`.`jod_id` FROM employees WHERE first_name = 'Neena';

SELECT  `employees`.`jod_id` FROM employees WHERE BINARY first_name = 'neena';

6、比較運(yùn)算符
- 1止后、常用算術(shù)比較運(yùn)算符瞎惫；
- 2、BETWEEN AND：在兩值之間 (包含開始和結(jié)尾)译株；
- 3瓜喇、IN（list）：匹配列出的值歉糜；
- 4、LIKE ：匹配字符串模式匪补；
  - 1伞辛、在匹配的模式中,隨便寫一個(gè)符號;一般使用/或者,寫在要轉(zhuǎn)義的字符之前;
  - 2、在LIKE之后加上一個(gè)ESCAPE '轉(zhuǎn)義符號';代表,在前面那個(gè)LIKE的匹配模式中,使用轉(zhuǎn)義符號進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)義;
- 5夯缺、IS NULL：是否為空蚤氏；

SELECT * FROM employees WHERE hire_date  > '1989-09-21';

SELECT first_name ,last_name , salary  FROM employees WHERE salary between 8000 and 10000;

SELECT first_name ,last_name , salary  FROM employees WHERE salary IN (10000,11000,12000,13000);

SELECT last_name  FROM employees WHERE last_name like '_o%';

SELECT * FROM departments WHERE department_name LIKE 'CHINA/_%' ESCAPE '/';

SELECT first_name,manager_id FROM employees WHERE manager_id is null;

7、邏輯運(yùn)算符
- AND：如果組合的條件都是TRUE,返回TRUE
- OR：如果組合的條件之一是TRUE,返回TRUE
- NOT：如果下面的條件是FALSE,返回TRUE

優(yōu)先級規(guī)則：比較運(yùn)算符 > NOT > AND > OR

8踊兜、排序
使用ORDER BY 子句將記錄排序
ASC: 升序,缺省
DESC: 降序

SELECT first_name,last_name ,salary*12 salarys, department_id FROM employees ORDER BY salarys DESC;
SELECT first_name,last_name ,salary*12 salarys, department_id FROM employees ORDER BY  department_id DESC, salarys DESC;

2竿滨、MySQL的查詢函數(shù)

1、字符函數(shù):
- LOWER(str)：返回字符串str變?yōu)樾懽帜傅淖址?/li>
- UPPER(str)：返回字符串str變?yōu)榇髮懽帜傅淖址?/li>
- CONCAT(a,b,....):把字符串連接起來;連成一個(gè)字符串;參數(shù)可以是多個(gè)值;
- CHAR_LENGTH/LENGHT:都是在判斷字符串長度的;char_length:字符個(gè)數(shù);length:字節(jié)個(gè)數(shù);
- LPAD/RPAD:左填補(bǔ)/右填補(bǔ):LPAD(str,length,padstr),在str字符串的左邊填補(bǔ)padstr,讓整個(gè)字符串的長度達(dá)到length;
- LTRIM（str）：左邊空格被trim掉捏境；
- RTRIM（str）：右邊空格被trim掉于游；
- TRIM(str)=LTRIM+RTRIM
- TRIM([{BOTH | LEADING | TRAILING} [remstr] FROM] str)：高級用法，從str中按照指定方式截取remstr垫言；
- REPLACE(str,from_str,to_str)：
格式：INSERT(str,pos,len,newstr)
- 1贰剥，返回字符串str, 其子字符串起始于pos 位置和長度被字符串 newstr取代的len 字符。
- 2筷频，如果pos 超過字符串長度蚌成，則返回值為原始字符串柱告。
- 3，假如len的長度大于其它字符串的長度笑陈，則從位置pos開始替換。
- 4葵袭，若任何一個(gè)參數(shù)為null涵妥，則返回值為NULL
- 示例：
  給用戶名加密；保留用戶名前3位蓬网，中間4位使用*代替帆锋，如果姓名還有多余的字符，保留实辑；

 SELECT INSERT('aaaaa',2,3,'bbb');   //結(jié)果： abbba

SELECT UPPER(first_name) ,LOWER(last_name) FROM employees ;
SELECT concat(first_name,'-',last_name) FROM employees;

CHAR_LENGTH：字符串長度剪撬；
LENGTH：字符串長度（單位為字節(jié)）残黑；

對比試驗(yàn)：

 SELECT CHAR_LENGTH('AKySBLANK');
 SELECT CHAR_LENGTH('姚亞杰');

LPAD(str,len,padstr)
- 1梨水、返回字符串str, 其左邊由字符串padstr 填補(bǔ)到len 字符長度。
- 2冰木、假如str 的長度大于len, 則返回值被縮短至len 字符。
RPAD(str,len,padstr)
- 1逼龟、返回字符串str, 其右邊被字符串padstr填補(bǔ)至len 字符長度腺律。
- 2匀钧、假如字符串str 的長度大于 len,則返回值被縮短到與len 字符相同長度日杈。

SELECT LPAD(first_name,20,last_name) FROM employees;

LTRIM/RTRIM/TRIM

SELECT TRIM('    aaaaa   ');
SELECT CHAR_LENGTH(TRIM('     a   '));

REPLACE(str,from_str,to_str)：
- 1莉擒、在str中把from_str全部替換為to_str涨冀；
- 2、大小寫敏感栓辜；

SELECT REPLACE(first_name,'av','****') FROM employees;

SUBSTRING(str,pos)：
- 從字符串str返回一個(gè)子字符串藕甩，起始于位置pos 。SUBSTRING(str,pos,len)：
- 從字符串str返回一個(gè)長度同len字符相同的子字符串腋妙，起始于位置pos
- 如果pos是負(fù)數(shù)骤素，從字符串尾部開始計(jì)算；

SELECT SUBSTRING('BLANKAKyS',2,3);   //LAN
SELECT SUBSTRING('BLANKAKyS',-2,3);   //yS

2送浊、數(shù)字函數(shù)
ABS（x）：返回一個(gè)數(shù)字的絕對值唁桩；
MOD(N,M)：返回N 被 M除后的余數(shù)荒澡；
CEIL(x)：返回不小于X 的最小整數(shù)值单山；
FLOOR(x)：返回不大于X的最大整數(shù)值鸵赫；
ROUND(X) ROUND(X,D)：
- 1狼忱、返回參數(shù)X, 其值接近于最近似的整數(shù)钻弄。
- 2窘俺、在有兩個(gè)參數(shù)的情況下，返回X 对途，其值保留到小數(shù)點(diǎn)后D位实檀，而第D位的保留方式為四舍五入。
- 3镣奋、若要接保留X值小數(shù)點(diǎn)左邊的D 位余赢，可將 D 設(shè)為負(fù)值。
TRUNCATE(X,D)
- 1耘分、返回被舍去至小數(shù)點(diǎn)后D位的數(shù)字X央渣。
- 2、若D 的值為 0, 則結(jié)果不帶有小數(shù)點(diǎn)或不帶有小數(shù)部分拔第。可以將D設(shè)為負(fù)數(shù),若要截去(歸零) X小數(shù)點(diǎn)左起第D位開始后面所有低位的值.

SELECT ABS(-2);    //2
SELECT MOD(10,3);    //1
SELECT FLOOR(23.9);    //23
SELECT ROUND(2.4);    // 2
SELECT ROUND(2.4,2);  //2.40
SELECT TRUNCATE(399.149,2); //399.14

3泳猬、日期函數(shù)
- DATE_ADD(date,INTERVAL expr type)/DATE_SUB(date,INTERVAL expr type)
  - 1、執(zhí)行日期運(yùn)算当纱；
  - 2晨横、date 是一個(gè) DATETIME 或DATE值箫柳，用來指定起始時(shí)間手形；
  - 3、expr 是一個(gè)字符串表達(dá)式悯恍，用來指定從起始日期添加或減去的時(shí)間間隔值库糠；
  - 4、type 為關(guān)鍵詞，它指示了表達(dá)式被解釋的方式
```
 SELECT DATE_ADD(NOW(),INTERVAL 1 YEAR);    //2019-03-19 16:14:37
 SELECT DATE_ADD('2018-01-01 00:00:00',INTERVAL '1:1' MINUTE_SECOND); //2018-01-01 00:01:01
```
- CURRENT_DATE/CURRENT_TIME
- DATEDIFF(expr,expr2)：返回起始時(shí)間expr和結(jié)束時(shí)間expr2之間的天數(shù)
```
SELECT DATEDIFF('2018-01-01 00:00:00','2019-01-01 00:00:00');
```
- 獲取日期中的某個(gè)時(shí)間
```
 SELECT  month(NOW());
 SELECT  year(NOW());
 SELECT  day(NOW());
 SELECT  hour(NOW());
 SELECT  MINUTE(NOW());
 SELECT LAST_DAY(NOW());   //2018-03-31
```
- UNIX_TIMESTAMP(date)：它會將參數(shù)值以'1970-01-01 00:00:00' GMT后的秒數(shù)的形式返回
  FROM_UNIXTIME(unix_timestamp) , FROM_UNIXTIME(unix_timestamp,format)：返回'YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS'或指定format的日期
  - 性能要求比較高的應(yīng)用當(dāng)中,時(shí)間都不是保存為date或者datetime或者timestamp類型的,時(shí)間都是保存為bigint類型的;因?yàn)镸YSQL處理時(shí)間的效率是比較慢的;
```
SELECT UNIX_TIMESTAMP(NOW());
SELECT FROM_UNIXTIME(1521448019);
SELECT  CEIL(DATEDIFF(NOW(),hire_date)/30)  FROM employees;
```
4瞬欧、轉(zhuǎn)換函數(shù)
- 數(shù)字和字符串
  - FORMAT(X,D)
    - 將數(shù)字X 的格式寫為'#,###,###.##',以四舍五入的方式保留小數(shù)點(diǎn)后D 位唉侄，并將結(jié)果以字符串的形式返回。若D 為 0, 則返回結(jié)果不帶有小數(shù)點(diǎn)，或不含小數(shù)部分停做。
- 日期和字符串

select date_format(hire_date,'%Y年%m月%d日 %H:%i:%s') from employees;
select * from employees where YEAR(hire_date)='1999';
select * from employees where hire_date between str_to_date('1995年3月','%Y年%m') and str_to_date(now(),'%Y年%m');
SELECT STR_TO_DATE(hire_date+1,'%Y%m%d') FROM employees WHERE employee_id = 100;

5、其他函數(shù)

SELECT UUID(); //隨機(jī)數(shù)
COALESCE：返回值為列表當(dāng)中的第一個(gè)非 NULL值，在沒有非NULL 值得情況下返回值為 NULL

 SELECT COALESCE(null,null,'a','b');     //a

IF/IFNULL語句

SELECT first_name ,last_name ,salary*12*(1+ IFNULL(commission_pct,0)) from employees;

CASE

 select first_name,last_name,salary,
 case when salary < 5000 then 'D'
       when salary < 10000 and salary >=5000 then 'C'
       when salary < 15000 and salary >=10000 then 'B'
else 'A'
END
from employees;

Group By
- Having字句的執(zhí)行是在分組之后,select之前執(zhí)行的,所以having字句中的條件不能使用select中的別名;

select department_id,avg(salary) from employees where department_id is not null group by department_id;
select department_id,avg(salary) from employees where department_id is not null group by department_id   HAVING AVG(salary)>8000;

3媚值、練習(xí)使用的數(shù)據(jù)庫文件和查詢語句

SET NAMES utf8;
SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS = 0;

-- ----------------------------
--  Table structure for `countries`
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `countries`;
CREATE TABLE `countries` (
  `country_id` char(2) NOT NULL COMMENT '國家id',
  `country_name` varchar(40) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '國家名字',
  `region_id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '所屬地域ID',
  PRIMARY KEY (`country_id`),
  KEY `countr_reg_fk` (`region_id`),
  CONSTRAINT `countr_reg_fk` FOREIGN KEY (`region_id`) REFERENCES `regions` (`region_id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

-- ----------------------------
--  Records of `countries`
-- ----------------------------
BEGIN;
INSERT INTO `countries` VALUES ('AR', 'Argentina', '2'), ('AU', 'Australia', '3'), ('BE', 'Belgium', '1'), ('BR', 'Brazil', '2'), ('CA', 'Canada', '2'), ('CH', 'Switzerland', '1'), ('CN', 'China', '3'), ('DE', 'Germany', '1'), ('DK', 'Denmark', '1'), ('EG', 'Egypt', '4'), ('FR', 'France', '1'), ('HK', 'HongKong', '3'), ('IL', 'Israel', '4'), ('IN', 'India', '3'), ('IT', 'Italy', '1'), ('JP', 'Japan', '3'), ('KW', 'Kuwait', '4'), ('MX', 'Mexico', '2'), ('NG', 'Nigeria', '4'), ('NL', 'Netherlands', '1'), ('SG', 'Singapore', '3'), ('UK', 'United Kingdom', '1'), ('US', 'United States of America', '2'), ('ZM', 'Zambia', '4'), ('ZW', 'Zimbabwe', '4');
COMMIT;

-- ----------------------------
--  Table structure for `departments`
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `departments`;
CREATE TABLE `departments` (
  `department_id` int(4) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '部門ID',
  `department_name` varchar(30) NOT NULL COMMENT '部門名稱',
  `manager_id` int(6) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '部門管理員ID',
  `location_id` int(4) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '部門地址ID',
  PRIMARY KEY (`department_id`),
  UNIQUE KEY `dept_id_pk` (`department_id`),
  KEY `dept_mgr_fk` (`manager_id`),
  CONSTRAINT `dept_mgr_fk` FOREIGN KEY (`manager_id`) REFERENCES `employees` (`employee_id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=301 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

-- ----------------------------
--  Records of `departments`
-- ----------------------------
BEGIN;
INSERT INTO `departments` VALUES ('120', 'Treasury', null, '1700'), ('130', 'Corporate Tax', null, '1700'), ('140', 'Control And Credit', null, '1700'), ('150', 'Shareholder Services', null, '1700'), ('160', 'Benefits', null, '1700'), ('170', 'Manufacturing', null, '1700'), ('180', 'Construction', null, '1700'), ('190', 'Contracting', null, '1700'), ('200', 'Operations', null, '1700'), ('210', 'IT Support', null, '1700'), ('220', 'NOC', null, '1700'), ('230', 'IT Helpdesk', null, '1700'), ('240', 'Government Sales', null, '1700'), ('250', 'Retail Sales', null, '1700'), ('260', 'Recruiting', null, '1700'), ('270', 'Payroll', null, '1700'), ('280', 'CHINA_It', null, '2000'), ('290', 'CHINA_Sales', null, '2000'), ('300', 'CHINASales', null, '1700');
COMMIT;

-- ----------------------------
--  Table structure for `employees`
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `employees`;
CREATE TABLE `employees` (
  `employee_id` int(6) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '員工ID',
  `first_name` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '姓',
  `last_name` varchar(25) NOT NULL COMMENT '名',
  `email` varchar(25) NOT NULL COMMENT '郵箱',
  `phone_int` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '電話',
  `hire_date` date NOT NULL COMMENT '雇傭時(shí)間',
  `jod_id` varchar(10) NOT NULL COMMENT '工作id',
  `salary` decimal(8,2) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '月薪',
  `commission_pct` decimal(2,2) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '獎(jiǎng)金點(diǎn)',
  `manager_id` int(6) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '該員工經(jīng)理ID',
  `department_id` int(4) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '該員工所屬部門id',
  PRIMARY KEY (`employee_id`),
  UNIQUE KEY `emp_emp_id_pk` (`employee_id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=207 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COMMENT='員工表\n';

-- ----------------------------
--  Records of `employees`
-- ----------------------------
BEGIN;
INSERT INTO `employees` VALUES ('100', 'Steven', 'King', 'SKING', '515.123.4567', '1987-06-17', 'AD_PRES', '24000.00', null, null, '90'), ('101', 'Neena', 'Kochhar', 'NKOCHHAR', '515.123.4568', '1989-09-21', 'AD_VP', '17000.00', null, '100', '90'), ('102', 'Lex', 'De Haan', 'LDEHAAN', '515.123.4569', '1993-01-13', 'AD_VP', '17000.00', null, '100', '90'), ('103', 'Alexander', 'Hunold', 'AHUNOLD', '590.423.4567', '1990-01-03', 'IT_PROG', '9000.00', null, '102', '60'), ('104', 'Bruce', 'Ernst', 'BERNST', '590.423.4568', '1991-05-21', 'IT_PROG', '6000.00', null, '103', '60'), ('105', 'David', 'Austin', 'DAUSTIN', '590.423.4569', '1997-06-25', 'IT_PROG', '4800.00', null, '103', '60'), ('106', 'Valli', 'Pataballa', 'VPATABAL', '590.423.4560', '1998-02-05', 'IT_PROG', '4800.00', null, '103', '60'), ('107', 'Diana', 'Lorentz', 'DLORENTZ', '590.423.5567', '1999-02-07', 'IT_PROG', '4200.00', null, '103', '60'), ('108', 'Nancy', 'Greenberg', 'NGREENBE', '515.124.4569', '1994-08-17', 'FI_MGR', '12000.00', null, '101', '100'), ('109', 'Daniel', 'Faviet', 'DFAVIET', '515.124.4169', '1994-08-16', 'FI_ACCOUNT', '9000.00', null, '108', '100'), ('110', 'John', 'Chen', 'JCHEN', '515.124.4269', '1997-09-28', 'FI_ACCOUNT', '8200.00', null, '108', '100'), ('111', 'Ismael', 'Sciarra', 'ISCIARRA', '515.124.4369', '1997-09-30', 'FI_ACCOUNT', '7700.00', null, '108', '100'), ('112', 'Jose Manuel', 'Urman', 'JMURMAN', '515.124.4469', '1998-03-07', 'FI_ACCOUNT', '7800.00', null, '108', '100'), ('113', 'Luis', 'Popp', 'LPOPP', '515.124.4567', '1999-12-07', 'FI_ACCOUNT', '6900.00', null, '108', '100'), ('114', 'Den', 'Raphaely', 'DRAPHEAL', '515.127.4561', '1994-12-07', 'PU_MAN', '11000.00', null, '100', '30'), ('115', 'Alexander', 'Khoo', 'AKHOO', '515.127.4562', '1995-05-18', 'PU_CLERK', '3100.00', null, '114', '30'), ('116', 'Shelli', 'Baida', 'SBAIDA', '515.127.4563', '1997-12-24', 'PU_CLERK', '2900.00', null, '114', '30'), ('117', 'Sigal', 'Tobias', 'STOBIAS', '515.127.4564', '1997-07-24', 'PU_CLERK', '2800.00', null, '114', '30'), ('118', 'Guy', 'Himuro', 'GHIMURO', '515.127.4565', '1998-11-15', 'PU_CLERK', '2600.00', null, '114', '30'), ('119', 'Karen', 'Colmenares', 'KCOLMENA', '515.127.4566', '1999-08-10', 'PU_CLERK', '2500.00', null, '114', '30'), ('120', 'Matthew', 'Weiss', 'MWEISS', '650.123.1234', '1996-07-18', 'ST_MAN', '8000.00', null, '100', '50'), ('121', 'Adam', 'Fripp', 'AFRIPP', '650.123.2234', '1997-04-10', 'ST_MAN', '8200.00', null, '100', '50'), ('122', 'Payam', 'Kaufling', 'PKAUFLIN', '650.123.3234', '1995-05-01', 'ST_MAN', '7900.00', null, '100', '50'), ('123', 'Shanta', 'Vollman', 'SVOLLMAN', '650.123.4234', '1997-10-10', 'ST_MAN', '6500.00', null, '100', '50'), ('124', 'Kevin', 'Mourgos', 'KMOURGOS', '650.123.5234', '1999-11-16', 'ST_MAN', '5800.00', null, '100', '50'), ('125', 'Julia', 'Nayer', 'JNAYER', '650.124.1214', '1997-07-16', 'ST_CLERK', '3200.00', null, '120', '50'), ('126', 'Irene', 'Mikkilineni', 'IMIKKILI', '650.124.1224', '1998-09-28', 'ST_CLERK', '2700.00', null, '120', '50'), ('127', 'James', 'Landry', 'JLANDRY', '650.124.1334', '1999-01-14', 'ST_CLERK', '2400.00', null, '120', '50'), ('128', 'Steven', 'Markle', 'SMARKLE', '650.124.1434', '2000-03-08', 'ST_CLERK', '2200.00', null, '120', '50'), ('129', 'Laura', 'Bissot', 'LBISSOT', '650.124.5234', '1997-08-20', 'ST_CLERK', '3300.00', null, '121', '50'), ('130', 'Mozhe', 'Atkinson', 'MATKINSO', '650.124.6234', '1997-10-30', 'ST_CLERK', '2800.00', null, '121', '50'), ('131', 'James', 'Marlow', 'JAMRLOW', '650.124.7234', '1997-02-16', 'ST_CLERK', '2500.00', null, '121', '50'), ('132', 'TJ', 'Olson', 'TJOLSON', '650.124.8234', '1999-04-10', 'ST_CLERK', '2100.00', null, '121', '50'), ('133', 'Jason', 'Mallin', 'JMALLIN', '650.127.1934', '1996-06-14', 'ST_CLERK', '3300.00', null, '122', '50'), ('134', 'Michael', 'Rogers', 'MROGERS', '650.127.1834', '1998-08-26', 'ST_CLERK', '2900.00', null, '122', '50'), ('135', 'Ki', 'Gee', 'KGEE', '650.127.1734', '1999-12-12', 'ST_CLERK', '2400.00', null, '122', '50'), ('136', 'Hazel', 'Philtanker', 'HPHILTAN', '650.127.1634', '2000-02-06', 'ST_CLERK', '2200.00', null, '122', '50'), ('137', 'Renske', 'Ladwig', 'RLADWIG', '650.121.1234', '1995-07-14', 'ST_CLERK', '3600.00', null, '123', '50'), ('138', 'Stephen', 'Stiles', 'SSTILES', '650.121.2034', '1997-10-26', 'ST_CLERK', '3200.00', null, '123', '50'), ('139', 'John', 'Seo', 'JSEO', '650.121.2019', '1998-02-12', 'ST_CLERK', '2700.00', null, '123', '50'), ('140', 'Joshua', 'Patel', 'JPATEL', '650.121.1834', '1998-04-06', 'ST_CLERK', '2500.00', null, '123', '50'), ('141', 'Trenna', 'Rajs', 'TRAJS', '650.121.8009', '1995-10-17', 'ST_CLERK', '3500.00', null, '124', '50'), ('142', 'Curtis', 'Davies', 'CDAVIES', '650.121.2994', '1997-01-29', 'ST_CLERK', '3100.00', null, '124', '50'), ('143', 'Randall', 'Matos', 'RMATOS', '650.121.2874', '1998-03-15', 'ST_CLERK', '2600.00', null, '124', '50'), ('144', 'Peter', 'Vargas', 'PVARGAS', '650.121.2004', '1998-07-09', 'ST_CLERK', '2500.00', null, '124', '50'), ('145', 'John', 'Russell', 'JRUSSEL', '011.44.1344.429268', '1996-10-01', 'SA_MAN', '14000.00', '0.40', '100', '80'), ('146', 'Karen', 'Partners', 'KPARTNER', '011.44.1344.467268', '1997-01-05', 'SA_MAN', '13500.00', '0.30', '100', '80'), ('147', 'Alberto', 'Errazuriz', 'AERRAZUR', '011.44.1344.429278', '1997-03-10', 'SA_MAN', '12000.00', '0.30', '100', '80'), ('148', 'Gerald', 'Cambrault', 'GCAMBRAU', '011.44.1344.619268', '1999-10-15', 'SA_MAN', '11000.00', '0.30', '100', '80'), ('149', 'Eleni', 'Zlotkey', 'EZLOTKEY', '011.44.1344.429018', '2000-01-29', 'SA_MAN', '10500.00', '0.20', '100', '80'), ('150', 'Peter', 'Tucker', 'PTUCKER', '011.44.1344.129268', '1997-01-30', 'SA_REP', '10000.00', '0.30', '145', '80'), ('151', 'David', 'Bernstein', 'DBERNSTE', '011.44.1344.345268', '1997-03-24', 'SA_REP', '9500.00', '0.25', '145', '80'), ('152', 'Peter', 'Hall', 'PHALL', '011.44.1344.478968', '1997-08-20', 'SA_REP', '9000.00', '0.25', '145', '80'), ('153', 'Christopher', 'Olsen', 'COLSEN', '011.44.1344.498718', '1998-03-30', 'SA_REP', '8000.00', '0.20', '145', '80'), ('154', 'Nanette', 'Cambrault', 'NCAMBRAU', '011.44.1344.987668', '1998-12-09', 'SA_REP', '7500.00', '0.20', '145', '80'), ('155', 'Oliver', 'Tuvault', 'OTUVAULT', '011.44.1344.486508', '1999-11-23', 'SA_REP', '7000.00', '0.15', '145', '80'), ('156', 'Janette', 'King', 'JKING', '011.44.1345.429268', '1996-01-30', 'SA_REP', '10000.00', '0.35', '146', '80'), ('157', 'Patrick', 'Sully', 'PSULLY', '011.44.1345.929268', '1996-03-04', 'SA_REP', '9500.00', '0.35', '146', '80'), ('158', 'Allan', 'McEwen', 'AMCEWEN', '011.44.1345.829268', '1996-08-01', 'SA_REP', '9000.00', '0.35', '146', '80'), ('159', 'Lindsey', 'Smith', 'LSMITH', '011.44.1345.729268', '1997-03-10', 'SA_REP', '8000.00', '0.30', '146', '80'), ('160', 'Louise', 'Doran', 'LDORAN', '011.44.1345.629268', '1997-12-15', 'SA_REP', '7500.00', '0.30', '146', '80'), ('161', 'Sarath', 'Sewall', 'SSEWALL', '011.44.1345.529268', '1998-11-03', 'SA_REP', '7000.00', '0.25', '146', '80'), ('162', 'Clara', 'Vishney', 'CVISHNEY', '011.44.1346.129268', '1997-11-11', 'SA_REP', '10500.00', '0.25', '147', '80'), ('163', 'Danielle', 'Greene', 'DGREENE', '011.44.1346.229268', '1999-03-19', 'SA_REP', '9500.00', '0.15', '147', '80'), ('164', 'Mattea', 'Marvins', 'MMARVINS', '011.44.1346.329268', '2000-01-24', 'SA_REP', '7200.00', '0.10', '147', '80'), ('165', 'David', 'Lee', 'DLEE', '011.44.1346.529268', '2000-02-23', 'SA_REP', '6800.00', '0.10', '147', '80'), ('166', 'Sundar', 'Ande', 'SANDE', '011.44.1346.629268', '2000-03-24', 'SA_REP', '6400.00', '0.10', '147', '80'), ('167', 'Amit', 'Banda', 'ABANDA', '011.44.1346.729268', '2000-04-21', 'SA_REP', '6200.00', '0.10', '147', '80'), ('168', 'Lisa', 'Ozer', 'LOZER', '011.44.1343.929268', '1997-03-11', 'SA_REP', '11500.00', '0.25', '148', '80'), ('169', 'Harrison', 'Bloom', 'HBLOOM', '011.44.1343.829268', '1998-03-23', 'SA_REP', '10000.00', '0.20', '148', '80'), ('170', 'Tayler', 'Fox', 'TFOX', '011.44.1343.729268', '1998-01-24', 'SA_REP', '9600.00', '0.20', '148', '80'), ('171', 'William', 'Smith', 'WSMITH', '011.44.1343.629268', '1999-02-23', 'SA_REP', '7400.00', '0.15', '148', '80'), ('172', 'Elizabeth', 'Bates', 'EBATES', '011.44.1343.529268', '1999-03-24', 'SA_REP', '7300.00', '0.15', '148', '80'), ('173', 'Sundita', 'Kumar', 'SKUMAR', '011.44.1343.329268', '2000-04-21', 'SA_REP', '6100.00', '0.10', '148', '80'), ('174', 'Ellen', 'Abel', 'EABEL', '011.44.1644.429267', '1996-05-11', 'SA_REP', '11000.00', '0.30', '149', '80'), ('175', 'Alyssa', 'Hutton', 'AHUTTON', '011.44.1644.429266', '1997-03-19', 'SA_REP', '8800.00', '0.25', '149', '80'), ('176', 'Jonathon', 'Taylor', 'JTAYLOR', '011.44.1644.429265', '1998-03-24', 'SA_REP', '8600.00', '0.20', '149', '80'), ('177', 'Jack', 'Livingston', 'JLIVINGS', '011.44.1644.429264', '1998-04-23', 'SA_REP', '8400.00', '0.20', '149', '80'), ('178', 'Kimberely', 'Grant', 'KGRANT', '011.44.1644.429263', '1999-05-24', 'SA_REP', '7000.00', '0.15', '149', null), ('179', 'Charles', 'Johnson', 'CJOHNSON', '011.44.1644.429262', '2000-01-04', 'SA_REP', '6200.00', '0.10', '149', '80'), ('180', 'Winston', 'Taylor', 'WTAYLOR', '650.507.9876', '1998-01-24', 'SH_CLERK', '3200.00', null, '120', '50'), ('181', 'Jean', 'Fleaur', 'JFLEAUR', '650.507.9877', '1998-02-23', 'SH_CLERK', '3100.00', null, '120', '50'), ('182', 'Martha', 'Sullivan', 'MSULLIVA', '650.507.9878', '1999-06-21', 'SH_CLERK', '2500.00', null, '120', '50'), ('183', 'Girard', 'Geoni', 'GGEONI', '650.507.9879', '2000-02-03', 'SH_CLERK', '2800.00', null, '120', '50'), ('184', 'Nandita', 'Sarchand', 'NSARCHAN', '650.509.1876', '1996-01-27', 'SH_CLERK', '4200.00', null, '121', '50'), ('185', 'Alexis', 'Bull', 'ABULL', '650.509.2876', '1997-02-20', 'SH_CLERK', '4100.00', null, '121', '50'), ('186', 'Julia', 'Dellinger', 'JDELLING', '650.509.3876', '1998-06-24', 'SH_CLERK', '3400.00', null, '121', '50'), ('187', 'Anthony', 'Cabrio', 'ACABRIO', '650.509.4876', '1999-02-07', 'SH_CLERK', '3000.00', null, '121', '50'), ('188', 'Kelly', 'Chung', 'KCHUNG', '650.505.1876', '1997-06-14', 'SH_CLERK', '3800.00', null, '122', '50'), ('189', 'Jennifer', 'Dilly', 'JDILLY', '650.505.2876', '1997-08-13', 'SH_CLERK', '3600.00', null, '122', '50'), ('190', 'Timothy', 'Gates', 'TGATES', '650.505.3876', '1998-07-11', 'SH_CLERK', '2900.00', null, '122', '50'), ('191', 'Randall', 'Perkins', 'RPERKINS', '650.505.4876', '1999-12-19', 'SH_CLERK', '2500.00', null, '122', '50'), ('192', 'Sarah', 'Bell', 'SBELL', '650.501.1876', '1996-02-04', 'SH_CLERK', '4000.00', null, '123', '50'), ('193', 'Britney', 'Everett', 'BEVERETT', '650.501.2876', '1997-03-03', 'SH_CLERK', '3900.00', null, '123', '50'), ('194', 'Samuel', 'McCain', 'SMCCAIN', '650.501.3876', '1998-07-01', 'SH_CLERK', '3200.00', null, '123', '50'), ('195', 'Vance', 'Jones', 'VJONES', '650.501.4876', '1999-03-17', 'SH_CLERK', '2800.00', null, '123', '50'), ('196', 'Alana', 'Walsh', 'AWALSH', '650.507.9811', '1998-04-24', 'SH_CLERK', '3100.00', null, '124', '50'), ('197', 'Kevin', 'Feeney', 'KFEENEY', '650.507.9822', '1998-05-23', 'SH_CLERK', '3000.00', null, '124', '50'), ('198', 'Donald', 'OConnell', 'DOCONNEL', '650.507.9833', '1999-06-21', 'SH_CLERK', '2600.00', null, '124', '50'), ('199', 'Douglas', 'Grant', 'DGRANT', '650.507.9844', '2000-01-13', 'SH_CLERK', '2600.00', null, '124', '50'), ('200', 'Jennifer', 'Whalen', 'JWHALEN', '515.123.4444', '1987-09-17', 'AD_ASST', '4400.00', null, '101', '10'), ('201', 'Michael', 'Hartstein', 'MHARTSTE', '515.123.5555', '1996-02-17', 'MK_MAN', '13000.00', null, '100', '20'), ('202', 'Pat', 'Fay', 'PFAY', '603.123.6666', '1997-08-17', 'MK_REP', '6000.00', null, '201', '20'), ('203', 'Susan', 'Mavris', 'SMAVRIS', '515.123.7777', '1994-06-07', 'HR_REP', '6500.00', null, '101', '40'), ('204', 'Hermann', 'Baer', 'HBAER', '515.123.8888', '1994-06-07', 'PR_REP', '10000.00', null, '101', '70'), ('205', 'Shelley', 'Higgins', 'SHIGGINS', '515.123.8080', '1994-06-07', 'AC_MGR', '12000.00', null, '101', '110'), ('206', 'William', 'Gietz', 'WGIETZ', '515.123.8181', '1994-06-07', 'AC_ACCOUNT', '8300.00', null, '205', '110');
COMMIT;

-- ----------------------------
--  Table structure for `job_grades`
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `job_grades`;
CREATE TABLE `job_grades` (
  `grade_level` varchar(3) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '等級',
  `lowest_sal` decimal(10,0) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '該等級下限',
  `higest_sal` decimal(10,0) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '該等級上限'
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

-- ----------------------------
--  Records of `job_grades`
-- ----------------------------
BEGIN;
INSERT INTO `job_grades` VALUES ('A', '1000', '2999'), ('B', '3000', '5999'), ('C', '6000', '9999'), ('D', '10000', '14999'), ('E', '15000', '24999'), ('F', '25000', '40000');
COMMIT;

-- ----------------------------
--  Table structure for `job_history`
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `job_history`;
CREATE TABLE `job_history` (
  `employee_id` int(6) NOT NULL COMMENT '員工ID',
  `start_date` date NOT NULL COMMENT '開始工作時(shí)間',
  `end_date` date NOT NULL COMMENT '工作結(jié)束時(shí)間',
  `job_id` varchar(10) NOT NULL COMMENT '工作ID',
  `department_id` int(4) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '所屬部門ID',
  PRIMARY KEY (`employee_id`),
  UNIQUE KEY `jhist_emp_id_st_date_pk` (`employee_id`,`start_date`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COMMENT='員工工作歷史表';

-- ----------------------------
--  Records of `job_history`
-- ----------------------------
BEGIN;
INSERT INTO `job_history` VALUES ('101', '1989-09-21', '1993-10-27', 'AC_ACCOUNT', '110'), ('102', '1993-01-13', '1998-07-24', 'IT_PROG', '60'), ('114', '1998-03-24', '1999-12-31', 'ST_CLERK', '50'), ('122', '1999-01-01', '1999-12-31', 'ST_CLERK', '50'), ('176', '1998-03-24', '1998-12-31', 'SA_REP', '80'), ('200', '1987-09-17', '1993-06-17', 'AD_ASST', '90'), ('201', '1996-02-17', '1999-12-19', 'MK_REP', '20');
COMMIT;

-- ----------------------------
--  Table structure for `jobs`
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `jobs`;
CREATE TABLE `jobs` (
  `job_id` varchar(10) DEFAULT NULL,
  `job_title` varchar(35) DEFAULT NULL,
  `min_salary` int(6) DEFAULT NULL,
  `max_salary` int(6) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

-- ----------------------------
--  Records of `jobs`
-- ----------------------------
BEGIN;
INSERT INTO `jobs` VALUES ('AD_PRES', 'President', '20000', '40000'), ('AD_VP', 'Administration Vice President', '15000', '30000'), ('AD_ASST', 'Administration Assistant', '3000', '6000'), ('FI_MGR', 'Finance Manager', '8200', '16000'), ('FI_ACCOUNT', 'Accountant', '4200', '9000'), ('AC_MGR', 'Accounting Manager', '8200', '16000'), ('AC_ACCOUNT', 'Public Accountant', '4200', '9000'), ('SA_MAN', 'Sales Manager', '10000', '20000'), ('SA_REP', 'Sales Representative', '6000', '12000'), ('PU_MAN', 'Purchasing Manager', '8000', '15000'), ('PU_CLERK', 'Purchasing Clerk', '2500', '5500'), ('ST_MAN', 'Stock Manager', '5500', '8500'), ('ST_CLERK', 'Stock Clerk', '2000', '5000'), ('SH_CLERK', 'Shipping Clerk', '2500', '5500'), ('IT_PROG', 'Programmer', '4000', '10000'), ('MK_MAN', 'Marketing Manager', '9000', '15000'), ('MK_REP', 'Marketing Representative', '4000', '9000'), ('HR_REP', 'Human Resources Representative', '4000', '9000'), ('PR_REP', 'Public Relations Representative', '4500', '10500');
COMMIT;

-- ----------------------------
--  Table structure for `locations`
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `locations`;
CREATE TABLE `locations` (
  `location_id` int(4) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '地址ID',
  `street_address` varchar(40) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '地址信息',
  `postal_code` varchar(12) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '郵政編碼',
  `city` varchar(30) NOT NULL COMMENT '城市',
  `state_province` varchar(25) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '省份',
  `country_id` char(2) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '所屬國家ID',
  PRIMARY KEY (`location_id`),
  UNIQUE KEY `loc_id_pk` (`location_id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=3201 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

-- ----------------------------
--  Records of `locations`
-- ----------------------------
BEGIN;
INSERT INTO `locations` VALUES ('1000', '1297 Via Cola di Rie', '00989', 'Roma', null, 'IT'), ('1100', '93091 Calle della Testa', '10934', 'Venice', null, 'IT'), ('1200', '2017 Shinjuku-ku', '1689', 'Tokyo', 'Tokyo Prefecture', 'JP'), ('1300', '9450 Kamiya-cho', '6823', 'Hiroshima', null, 'JP'), ('1400', '2014 Jabberwocky Rd', '26192', 'Southlake', 'Texas', 'US'), ('1500', '2011 Interiors Blvd', '99236', 'South San Francisco', 'California', 'US'), ('1600', '2007 Zagora St', '50090', 'South Brunswick', 'New Jersey', 'US'), ('1700', '2004 Charade Rd', '98199', 'Seattle', 'Washington', 'US'), ('1800', '147 Spadina Ave', 'M5V 2L7', 'Toronto', 'Ontario', 'CA'), ('1900', '6092 Boxwood St', 'YSW 9T2', 'Whitehorse', 'Yukon', 'CA'), ('2000', '40-5-12 Laogianggen', '190518', 'Beijing', null, 'CN'), ('2100', '1298 Vileparle (E)', '490231', 'Bombay', 'Maharashtra', 'IN'), ('2200', '12-98 Victoria Street', '2901', 'Sydney', 'New South Wales', 'AU'), ('2300', '198 Clementi North', '540198', 'Singapore', null, 'SG'), ('2400', '8204 Arthur St', null, 'London', null, 'UK'), ('2500', 'Magdalen Centre, The Oxford Science Park', 'OX9 9ZB', 'Oxford', 'Oxford', 'UK'), ('2600', '9702 Chester Road', '09629850293', 'Stretford', 'Manchester', 'UK'), ('2700', 'Schwanthalerstr. 7031', '80925', 'Munich', 'Bavaria', 'DE'), ('2800', 'Rua Frei Caneca 1360 ', '01307-002', 'Sao Paulo', 'Sao Paulo', 'BR'), ('2900', '20 Rue des Corps-Saints', '1730', 'Geneva', 'Geneve', 'CH'), ('3000', 'Murtenstrasse 921', '3095', 'Bern', 'BE', 'CH'), ('3100', 'Pieter Breughelstraat 837', '3029SK', 'Utrecht', 'Utrecht', 'NL'), ('3200', 'Mariano Escobedo 9991', '11932', 'Mexico City', 'Distrito Federal,', 'MX');
COMMIT;

-- ----------------------------
--  Table structure for `regions`
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `regions`;
CREATE TABLE `regions` (
  `region_id` int(11) NOT NULL COMMENT '地域ID',
  `region_name` varchar(25) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '地域名字',
  PRIMARY KEY (`region_id`),
  UNIQUE KEY `reg_id_pk` (`region_id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

-- ----------------------------
--  Records of `regions`
-- ----------------------------
BEGIN;
INSERT INTO `regions` VALUES ('1', 'Europe'), ('2', 'Americas'), ('3', 'Asia'), ('4', 'Middle East and Africa');
COMMIT;

SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS = 1;

查詢語句

SELECT  employees.department_id, employees.first_name , employees.last_name ,employees.manager_id ,employees.phone_int,  employees.hire_date  FROM employees;

SELECT * FROM departments;

SELECT first_name ,last_name , salary*12  salarys FROM employees;

SELECT  hire_date+1 FROM employees WHERE employee_id = 100;

SELECT `employees`.`commission_pct` FROM employees WHERE employee_id = 206;

SELECT  DISTINCT `employees`.`department_id` FROM employees  WHERE department_id is not NULL;

SELECT  DISTINCT `employees`.`department_id` ,`employees`.`jod_id` FROM employees;

SELECT * FROM employees WHERE hire_date  > '1989-09-21';

SELECT  `employees`.`jod_id` FROM employees WHERE first_name = 'Neena';

SELECT  `employees`.`jod_id` FROM employees WHERE BINARY first_name = 'neena';  

SELECT NOW()；

SELECT NOW() from dual;

SELECT 1;

SELECT CURRENT_DATE;

SELECT CURRENT_TIME;

SELECT first_name ,last_name , salary  FROM employees WHERE salary between 8000 and 10000;

SELECT first_name ,last_name , salary  FROM employees WHERE salary IN (10000,11000,12000,13000);

SELECT last_name  FROM employees WHERE last_name like '_o%';

SELECT * FROM departments WHERE department_name LIKE 'CHINA_%';

SELECT * FROM departments WHERE department_name LIKE 'CHINA/_%' ESCAPE '/';

SELECT first_name,manager_id FROM employees WHERE manager_id is null;

SELECT first_name from employees WHERE first_name like '%a%' or first_name like '%e%';

SELECT first_name,last_name ,salary*12 salarys, department_id FROM employees ORDER BY  department_id DESC, salarys DESC;

SELECT UPPER(first_name) ,LOWER(last_name) FROM employees ;

SELECT concat(first_name,'-',last_name) FROM employees;

SELECT INSERT('aaaaa',2,3,'bbb');

SELECT INSERT(first_name,4,4,'****') FROM employees;

SELECT CHAR_LENGTH('AKySBLANK');

SELECT CHAR_LENGTH('姚亞杰');

SELECT LPAD(first_name,20,last_name) FROM employees;

SELECT TRIM('    aaaaa   ');

SELECT CHAR_LENGTH(TRIM('     a   '));

SELECT REPLACE(first_name,'av','****') FROM employees;

SELECT SUBSTRING('BLANKAKyS',-2,3);

SELECT ABS(-2);

SELECT MOD(10,3);

SELECT CEIL(0.1);

SELECT FLOOR(23.9);

SELECT ROUND(2.4);

SELECT ROUND(2.4,2);

SELECT TRUNCATE(399.149,2);

SELECT DATE_ADD(NOW(),INTERVAL 1 YEAR);
SELECT DATE_ADD(NOW(),INTERVAL 3 MONTH);

SELECT DATE_ADD('2018-01-01 00:00:00',INTERVAL '1:1' MINUTE_SECOND);

SELECT DATEDIFF('2018-01-01 00:00:00','2019-01-01 00:00:00');

SELECT  month(NOW());

SELECT  year(NOW());

SELECT  day(NOW());

SELECT  hour(NOW());

SELECT  MINUTE(NOW());

SELECT LAST_DAY(NOW());

SELECT UNIX_TIMESTAMP(NOW());

SELECT FROM_UNIXTIME(1521448019);

SELECT  CEIL(DATEDIFF(NOW(),hire_date)/30)  FROM employees;

SELECT FORMAT(salary,2) FROM employees;

select date_format(hire_date,'%Y年%m月%d日 %H:%i:%s') from employees;

select * from employees where YEAR(hire_date)='1999';

select * from employees where hire_date between str_to_date('1995年3月','%Y年%m') and str_to_date(now(),'%Y年%m');

SELECT STR_TO_DATE(hire_date+1,'%Y%m%d') FROM employees WHERE employee_id = 100;

SELECT UUID();

SELECT COALESCE(null,null,'a','b');

SELECT first_name ,last_name ,salary*12*(1+ IFNULL(commission_pct,0)) from employees;

select ifnull(department_id,"未分配部門") from employees;

select first_name,last_name,salary,
case when salary < 5000 then 'D'
     when salary < 10000 and salary >=5000 then 'C'
     when salary < 15000 and salary >=10000 then 'B'
else 'A'
END
from employees;

select department_id,avg(salary) from employees where department_id is not null group by department_id;

select department_id,avg(salary) from employees where department_id is not null group by department_id HAVING AVG(salary)>8000;

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最后編輯于：2018.03.30 09:45:30

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