1. 操作系統(tǒng)環(huán)境妓肢、安裝包準(zhǔn)備

• 宿主機(jī)：Max OSX 10.10.5
• 虛擬機(jī)：Parallel Desktop 10.1.1
• 虛擬機(jī)操作系統(tǒng)：CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-1511.iso
• Oracle：linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip
• JDK：jdk1.8.0_77.zip

2. 安裝CentOS7虛擬機(jī)

2.1 新建虛擬機(jī)

• CPU：2核
• 內(nèi)存：4G
• 硬盤：60G檐薯，擴(kuò)展磁盤

2.2 安裝配置

• 安裝語言：中文
• 軟件選擇：帶GUI的服務(wù)器
• 網(wǎng)絡(luò)和主機(jī)名：打開虛擬機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接
• 安裝位置：使用虛擬機(jī)自動分區(qū)方案
• 設(shè)置root密碼：如root
• 添加用戶賬戶和密碼：如centos/centos

2.3 賬戶配置

使用centos賬戶登錄后，打開終端，切換到root賬戶

su root
root

預(yù)先為centos乖酬、oracle賬戶添加免密碼sudo權(quán)限

echo "centos ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD:ALL" >> /etc/sudoers
echo "oracle ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD:ALL" >> /etc/sudoers

允許賬戶使用弱密碼

sed 's/^password    requisite.*/password    requisite     pam_cracklib.so try_first_pass retry=3   type=/g' -i /etc/pam.d/system-auth

3. 安裝Oracle11g

3.1 設(shè)置內(nèi)核版本

echo redhat-7 > /etc/redhat-release

3.2 安裝依賴包

yum install -y binutils compat-gcc* compat-glibc* compat-libcap1 compat-libstd* compat-libstdc++-33 compat-libstdc++-33.i686 compat-libstdc++-33*.i686 elfutils-libelf elfutils-libelf-devel gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc-common glibc-devel glibc-devel.i686 glibc-devel*.i686 glibc-headers glibc.i686 glibc*.i686 ksh libaio libaio-devel libaio-devel.i686 libaio-devel*.i686 libaio.i686 libaio*.i686 libgcc libgcc.i686 libgcc*.i686 libstdc++ libstdc++-devel libstdc++-devel*.i686 libstdc++.i686 libstdc++*.i686 libXp make numactl sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel unixODBC-devel*.i686 unixODBC*.i686

3.3 創(chuàng)建oracle用戶及用戶組

groupadd oinstall
groupadd dba
useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle
passwd oracle
oracle

3.4 設(shè)置內(nèi)核參數(shù)

echo >> /etc/sysctl.conf << EOM
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-ax = 6815744
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 4294967295
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048586
EOM
sysctl -p # 立即生效內(nèi)核參數(shù)

3.5 設(shè)置oracle賬戶環(huán)境變量

echo >> /home/oracle/.bashrc << EOM
JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk1.8.0_77/ # JDK home目錄
ORACLE_BASE=/opt/oracle # oracle安裝目錄
ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/11g # oracle home目錄
ORACLE_SID=orcl # oracle實(shí)例名
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib
PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$HOME/bin
export ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_HOME ORACLE_SID LD_LIBRARY_PATH PATH
EOM

3.6 設(shè)置PAM資源限制

echo >> /etc/security/limits.conf << EOM
oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
oracle soft stack 10240
EOM

3.7 關(guān)閉SELinux

sed 's/SELINUX=.*/SELINUX=disabled/g' -i /etc/selinux/config
setenforce 0 # 立即生效

3.8 創(chuàng)建安裝目錄

mkdir -p /opt/oracle
chown oracle:oinstall /opt/oracle
chmod 755 /opt/oracle
mkdir -p /opt/oraInventory
chown oracle:oinstall /opt/oraInventory
chmod 755 /opt/oraInventory

3.9 準(zhǔn)備安裝包

通過移動設(shè)備將linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip和jdk1.8.0_77.zip拷貝到桌面，解壓

mkdir -p /usr/local/jdk1.8.0_77/
tar xf jdk1.8.0_77.zip -C /usr/local/jdk1.8.0_77/ # 解壓安裝安裝JDK
tar xf linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip -C /home/oracle
tar xf linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip -C /home/oracle
chmod -R 700 /home/oracle/database # 只允許oracle賬戶訪問
chown -R oracle:oinstall /home/oracle/database

3.10 使用oracle賬戶啟動安裝

su oracle -c 'export LANG=C /home/oracle/database/runInstaller'

3.11 安裝錯(cuò)誤解決

（1）啟動安裝時(shí)報(bào)錯(cuò)java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError
        at java.lang.Class.forName0(Native Method)
        at java.lang.Class.forName(Class.java:164)
        at java.awt.Toolkit$2.run(Toolkit.java:821)
        at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
        at java.awt.Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit(Toolkit.java:804)
        at com.jgoodies.looks.LookUtils.isLowResolution(Unknown Source)
        at com.jgoodies.looks.LookUtils.<clinit>(Unknown Source)
        at com.jgoodies.looks.plastic.PlasticLookAndFeel.<clinit>(PlasticLookAndFeel.java:122)
        at java.lang.Class.forName0(Native Method)
        at java.lang.Class.forName(Class.java:242)
        at javax.swing.SwingUtilities.loadSystemClass(SwingUtilities.java:1783)
        at javax.swing.UIManager.setLookAndFeel(UIManager.java:480)
        at oracle.install.commons.util.Application.startup(Application.java:758)
        at oracle.install.commons.flow.FlowApplication.startup(FlowApplication.java:164)
        at oracle.install.commons.flow.FlowApplication.startup(FlowApplication.java:181)
        at oracle.install.commons.base.driver.common.Installer.startup(Installer.java:265)
        at oracle.install.ivw.db.driver.DBInstaller.startup(DBInstaller.java:114)
        at oracle.install.ivw.db.driver.DBInstaller.main(DBInstaller.java:132)

解決辦法：

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化圖形安裝配置

sudo yum install -y xorg-x11-utils xorg-x11-apps
sudo xhosts + # 對所有賬戶開放XServer

檢查設(shè)置是否生效

xclock
[Ctrl+C]

（2）鏈接錯(cuò)誤/usr/bin/ld: crt1.o: No such file: No such file or directory

Error in invoking target ‘install’ of makefile ‘/opt/oracle/11g/ctx/lib/ins_ctx.mk’. See ‘/opt/oraInventory/logs/installActions2016-08-07_02-58-49AM.log’ for details.

查看安裝日志/opt/oraInventory/logs/installActions2016-08-07_02-58-49AM.log

INFO: /usr/bin/ld: crt1.o: No such file: No such file or directory

INFO: collect2: ld ?? 1

INFO: make: *** [ctxhx] ?? 1

INFO: End output from spawned process.

解決辦法：

安裝glibc-devel的32位包

yumdownloader glibc-devel
rpm -ivh glibc-devel-2.17-106.el7_2.8.i686.rpm
rm -f glibc-devel-2.17-*.rpm

重試

（3）鏈接錯(cuò)誤/lib64/libstdc++.so.5: undefined reference to memcpy@GLIBC_2.14

Error in invoking target ‘install’ of makefile ‘/opt/oracle/11g/ctx/lib/ins_ctx.mk’. See ‘/opt/oraInventory/logs/installActions2016-08-07_02-58-49AM.log’ for details.

查看安裝日志/opt/oraInventory/logs/installActions2016-08-07_02-58-49AM.log

 INFO: /lib64/libstdc++.so.5: undefined reference to `memcpy@GLIBC_2.14'
 collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
 INFO: make: *** [ctxhx] Error 1
 INFO: End output from spawned process.

解決辦法：

if [[ ! -f /usr/lib64/libc.a ]]; then yum -y install glibc-static; fi
sed 's/.*\$(LINK_CTXHX) \$(CTXHXOBJ) \$(INSO_LINK)$/-static \/usr\/lib64\/libc.a \$(LINK_CTXHX) \$(CTXHXOBJ) \$(INSO_LINK)/g' -i /opt/oracle/11g/ctx/lib/ins_ctx.mk

重試

（4）鏈接錯(cuò)誤ins_emagent.mk 'agent nmhs'

 Error in invoking target 'agent nmhs' of makefile '/opt/oracle/11g/sysman/lib/ins_emagent.mk'

解決辦法：

sed 's/$(MK_EMAGENT_NMECTL)$/\$(MK_EMAGENT_NMECTL) -lnnz11/g' -i /opt/oracle/11g/sysman/lib/ins_emagent.mk

重試

（5）netca無法啟動

/u01/Oracle/bin/netca: line 178: 11819 Aborted                 $JRE $JRE_OPTIONS -classpath $CLASSPATH oracle.net.ca.NetCA $*

解決辦法：

cat > /etc/sysconfig/network << EOM
NETWORKING=yes
HOSTNAME=hotDB11g
GATEWAY=192.168.1.1
EOM
echo '127.0.0.1    hotDB11g' /etc/hosts
hostname hotDB11g

4. 測試

啟動服務(wù)

su - oracle -c 'lsnrctl start'

連接查詢所有數(shù)據(jù)庫

su - oracle -c 'sqlplus / as sysdba'
SQL> statup
SQL> select name from v$database;

5. 參考資料

http://blog.chinaunix.net/uid-21562515-id-4964631.html
http://www.cnblogs.com/mophee/archive/2013/06/01/3107137.html
http://blueaeri.iteye.com/blog/1832590
http://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/117626/installing-oracle-11g-r2-on-linux-6-1
https://community.oracle.com/thread/995965?start=0&tstart=0
http://blog.csdn.net/u011451049/article/details/9411341
http://www.cnblogs.com/junnyfeng/archive/2013/01/09/2853705.html
http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2015-02/113222p8.htm
http://blog.csdn.net/rudygao/article/details/24025687
http://www.reibang.com/p/2fda26a7edf1
https://community.oracle.com/thread/3635853
http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2011-04/35085.htm
http://blog.csdn.net/he_jian1/article/details/41869189