資訊|教學(xué)|備課|語(yǔ)法|答疑
每一個(gè)愛(ài)孩子的外語(yǔ)老師
都置頂了外語(yǔ)教師聯(lián)盟
教學(xué)背景
本單元的主要內(nèi)容是根據(jù)馬克·吐溫的名著《百萬(wàn)英鎊》改編而成的劇本中的幾個(gè)片斷以及馬克·吐溫的生平簡(jiǎn)介与境。
疑難追蹤
1.He was brought up in Hannibal, Missouri along the Mississippi River.(P17)
難句解讀
他是在密西西比河邊的密蘇里州的漢尼拔長(zhǎng)大的值桩。
bring up
意為“撫養(yǎng)树枫,教育”,常用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài);它還有一層意思是“提出(議題)”。
例如:
Her parents died when she was a baby and she was brought up by her aunt.
她出生后不久父母雙亡,是由姑母撫養(yǎng)大的推掸。
In my day children were brought up to respect the law.
在我小時(shí)候,孩子們都被教育說(shuō)要遵守法律。
In my opinion, you shouldn’t bring up the question at the next meeting.
依我看谅畅,你不應(yīng)該在下次會(huì)議上提出這個(gè)問(wèn)題登渣。
難點(diǎn)深究
bring相關(guān)的短語(yǔ)還有:
bring about引起,導(dǎo)致毡泻,造成胜茧;
bring back拿回來(lái),使想起仇味,使恢復(fù)呻顽;
bring down使下降;
bring in引入丹墨,帶來(lái)廊遍,引進(jìn);
bring together使言和贩挣,使和解喉前。
bring,take王财,carry卵迂,fetch的區(qū)別:
bring 是指“(從別處朝向說(shuō)話(huà)者或被提到的人)帶來(lái);領(lǐng)來(lái)绒净;取來(lái)”见咒; take 是指“拿走;取走”(活動(dòng)方向常常是離開(kāi)說(shuō)話(huà)者或被談到的人或某個(gè)具體的位置)疯溺;carry 是指“拿動(dòng);搬動(dòng)哎垦;攜帶”囱嫩,不管移動(dòng)方向是朝向說(shuō)話(huà)者,還是離開(kāi)說(shuō)話(huà)者漏设;fetch 是指“去拿來(lái)”墨闲,也就是說(shuō),既包括“去”的意思郑口,又包括“來(lái)”的意思鸳碧。
例如:
Bring your friends to the party.
請(qǐng)帶你的朋友來(lái)參加聚會(huì)。
Take the letter to the post office.
把這封信送到郵局去犬性。
The mother carries her baby in her arms.
那位母親懷里抱著她的孩子瞻离。
I asked her to fetch me an evening paper.
我要她去給我拿一份晚報(bào)來(lái)。
2.Imagine that somebody gives you a large sum of money to spend as you like. What would you do with it?(P17)
難句解讀
假設(shè)有人給你一大筆錢(qián)讓你隨意花乒裆。你會(huì)拿去干什么套利?
a large sum of
意為“很多,大量的”,相當(dāng)于a great/good amount of肉迫。
例如:
Vincent was left a large sum of money by his aunt.
溫斯特的姑母給他遺留下了一大筆錢(qián)验辞。
難點(diǎn)深究
下面短語(yǔ)都表示“大量,許多”喊衫,但其搭配關(guān)系有所不同跌造。只用于修飾不可數(shù)名詞的有:a large sum of,a great/good deal of族购,a quantity of壳贪;
只用于修飾可數(shù)名詞的有:dozens of,scores of联四,a great many撑碴,a large/great number of, large/great numbers of朝墩;
既可修飾可數(shù)名詞又可修飾不可數(shù)名詞的有:a lot of醉拓,lots of,plenty of收苏,quantities of亿卤。
do with與deal with 的區(qū)別:
兩個(gè)都有 “處理,對(duì)付”之意,但do with中的do是及物動(dòng)詞;而deal with中的deal是不及物動(dòng)詞,所以do with用what提問(wèn),deal with用how提問(wèn)鹿霸。
例如:
How are you going to deal with the polluted food?
你打算如何處理那些受污染的食品排吴?
What are you going to do with the old clothes?
你打算怎樣處理那些舊衣服?
3.Two old and wealthy brothers, Roderick and Oliver, have made a bet.(P17)
難句解讀
一對(duì)年老又富有的兄弟懦鼠,羅德里克和奧利弗钻哩,打了一個(gè)賭。
bet
在句中作名詞肛冶,意為“打賭”街氢。make a bet意為“下賭注,打賭”睦袖,后接on sth. with sb.珊肃。bet作名詞構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)還有:have a bet on打賭;place a bet下賭注馅笙;a good bet可能成功的行為(情況)伦乔;a safe bet比較穩(wěn)妥的行為(情況);do sth. for a bet為打賭而做某事董习。bet還可以作動(dòng)詞烈和,意為“下賭注,與……打賭”皿淋,常用“bet+that從句”和“bet (sth.) on”斥杜。
例如:
He bet that I won’t pass my exam.
他打賭說(shuō)我考試不會(huì)及格虱颗。
They bet all money on a horse that came last.
他們把賭注都?jí)涸谂茉谧詈蟮哪瞧ヱR上面。
4.Permit me to lead the way,sir.(P18)
難句解讀
先生,請(qǐng)讓我來(lái)帶路吧蔗喂。
permit
意為“準(zhǔn)許忘渔,允許”,尤指根據(jù)正式命令來(lái)決定缰儿。常用于permit sb. sth.畦粮,permit sb. to do sth.,permit sth. near/in的結(jié)構(gòu)乖阵;它還有一層意思是“容許宣赔,許可”。
例如:
You are not permitted access to confidential files.
你不準(zhǔn)翻查機(jī)密檔案瞪浸。
I’m afraid I cannot permit my daughter to marry you.
恐怕我不會(huì)允許我的女兒嫁給你儒将。
Dogs are not permitted near the shop.
狗不允許停留在超市附近。
We’ll have a picnic in the woods, weather permitting.
如果天氣好对蒲,我們將在樹(shù)林里野餐钩蚊。
難點(diǎn)深究
promise與permit的區(qū)別:
promise作“答應(yīng)”講時(shí),含有“保證”之意蹈矮,用于說(shuō)話(huà)人答應(yīng)或保證自己要做某一件事砰逻;permit通常含有積極地、從正面地“允許”的意義泛鸟,如通過(guò)法令式正式條文“允許”某件事蝠咆。
例如:
I promised him to attend to the matter promptly.
我答應(yīng)他立即處理這件事。
Such hydropower stations have been set up in all places where conditions permit.
在條件允許的地方都建了這樣的水電站北滥。
特別注意promise sb. to do sth.與permit sb. to do sth.的區(qū)別:
promise sb.to do sth.意為“向某人許諾做某事”刚操,其中sb.to do sth.不是復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)(由“賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)”構(gòu)成),sb.是間接賓語(yǔ)再芋,to do sth.是直接賓語(yǔ)菊霜,to do的執(zhí)行者是主語(yǔ)而不是sb.;permit sb.to do sth.意為“允許某人做某事”祝闻,其中sb.to do sth.是復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)占卧,to do sth.的執(zhí)行者是sb.遗菠。
例如:
He promised me to buy a bike.
他答應(yīng)我會(huì)去買(mǎi)輛自行車(chē)联喘。(買(mǎi)自行車(chē)的人是他而不是我)
He permitted me to buy a bike.
他允許我去買(mǎi)一輛自行車(chē)。(買(mǎi)自行車(chē)的人是我而不是他)
5.Not at all. Go right ahead.(P18)
難句解讀
不介意辙纬,請(qǐng)問(wèn)吧豁遭。
go ahead
常用于交際英語(yǔ)中,表示可以干某事贺拣。go ahead還可表示“著手做(某事)”蓖谢,后接with sth.
例如:
—I was wondering if I could use your typewriter.
我可以用你的打印機(jī)嗎捂蕴?
—Sure, go ahead.
當(dāng)然可以,請(qǐng)用吧闪幽。
Kate will be late but we’ll go ahead with the meeting anyway.
凱特晚些時(shí)候到啥辨,不過(guò),我們還是先開(kāi)會(huì)盯腌。
難點(diǎn)深究
與ahead相關(guān)的短語(yǔ)有:
ahead of time/schedule提前溉知,率先;
be ahead of its time走在時(shí)代之前腕够;
get ahead取得進(jìn)步级乍,獲得成功;get/keep ahead(of the game)(在比賽中)領(lǐng)先/處于支配地位帚湘。
6.As a matter of fact,I landed in Britain? by accident.(P18)
難句解讀
事實(shí)上,我在英國(guó)上岸是偶然的玫荣。
by accident
意為“偶然地,意外地”大诸,相當(dāng)于by chance捅厂。
例如:
I met her this morning quite by accident.
我今天中午碰到她頗為偶然。
難點(diǎn)深究
注意accident與incident的區(qū)別:
accident 可以表示“事故”的意思底挫,通常指不幸的意外事件恒傻,它還可以表示偶然的事件;incident 的意思是“事件”建邓,尤指與較為重大的事件相比顯得不重要的“事件”盈厘,它還用以表示引起國(guó)際爭(zhēng)端或戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)等事件永毅。
例如:
Twenty people were killed in the railway accident.
在這次火車(chē)事故中孟岛,有20人死亡。
He met with an accident in riding.
他在騎馬時(shí)出了事票灰。
It was quite an accident.
這完全是偶然的事注簿。
It is a quite common incident.
這是很普通的事契吉。
The Lugouqiao incident occured on July 7, 1937.
蘆溝橋事變發(fā)生于1937年7月7日。
7.About a month ago I was sailing out of the bay—(his eyes stare at what is left of the brothers’ dinner on the table)(P18)
難句解讀
大約一個(gè)月前诡渴,我揚(yáng)帆駛出了海灣——(他的眼睛盯在桌子上兄弟倆剩下的殘羹剩菜上)捐晶。
stare at
意為“盯著看;凝視”妄辩。
例如:
It is not polite to stare at other people.
盯著別人看是不禮貌的惑灵。
難點(diǎn)深究
stare at,glare at眼耀,glance at英支,gaze at的區(qū)別:
stare at指由于好奇、無(wú)禮傲慢而睜大眼睛“凝視”哮伟;glare at指由于憤怒而“瞪著”或“怒視”干花;glance at意為“迅速的一看妄帘;一瞥”;gaze at指由于興趣池凄、感慨抡驼、喜歡或驚奇而目不轉(zhuǎn)睛的“凝視”。
例如:
The noble stared at the blank sheet of paper for a few seconds.
那位貴族對(duì)著那張空白紙凝視了幾秒鐘肿仑。
Men in shirt sleeves stood outside their houses and glared at us.
穿著襯衣的男人站在屋子外面瞪著我們婶恼。
He glanced at the audience, and began to speak.
他環(huán)視了一下聽(tīng)眾,便開(kāi)始講話(huà)柏副。
She gazed at the carpet for some time, then added, “You don't need bookcases at all.”
她對(duì)著地毯凝視了一會(huì)兒勾邦,然后補(bǔ)充說(shuō):“你根本不需要書(shū)柜”。
8.It was all my fault.(P18)
難句解讀
這都是我的過(guò)錯(cuò)割择。
fault
意為“缺點(diǎn)眷篇,毛病,缺陷荔泳;錯(cuò)誤蕉饼,(過(guò)失的)責(zé)任”,常用搭配有:find fault with找……的岔子玛歌,對(duì)……吹毛求疵昧港,挑剔;It’s one’s fault.是某人的過(guò)錯(cuò)支子。
難點(diǎn)深究
mistake创肥,error,fault和wrong四個(gè)詞都可表示“錯(cuò)誤”值朋,但側(cè)重點(diǎn)不同:mistake強(qiáng)調(diào)日常生活中判斷和看法的錯(cuò)誤叹侄,是可數(shù)名詞;error強(qiáng)調(diào)違反某一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)做的錯(cuò)事昨登,包括道德上的錯(cuò)誤趾代;wrong作名詞時(shí),指“壞事丰辣;冤屈撒强;不道德;犯罪”笙什;fault強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)錯(cuò)的責(zé)任或性格上的弱點(diǎn)飘哨。
例如:
It was a mistake buying that house.
買(mǎi)那套房子是個(gè)錯(cuò)誤。
She can’t forget the errors of her youth.
她忘不了她年輕時(shí)犯的錯(cuò)誤得湘。
He is too young to know right from wrong.
他太年輕杖玲,不能辨別是非顿仇。
A friend without faults will never be found.
沒(méi)有缺點(diǎn)的朋友是永遠(yuǎn)找不到的淘正。
9.The next morning,I’d just about given myself up for lost when I was? spotted by a ship.(P18)
難句解讀
第二天早晨,我正感到絕望的時(shí)候,一艘海船發(fā)現(xiàn)了我摆马。
spot
既可作動(dòng)詞,表示“發(fā)現(xiàn)鸿吆,認(rèn)出”囤采,也可作名詞,表示“斑點(diǎn)惩淳,污點(diǎn)蕉毯,地點(diǎn)”。其常用短語(yǔ)on the spot表示“在場(chǎng)思犁,當(dāng)場(chǎng)”代虾。注意下列句中spot的詞性和意義。
例如:
Which has spots, the leopard or the tiger?
豹和虎哪一個(gè)身上有斑點(diǎn)激蹲?
Did you feel a few spots of rain?
下了幾滴雨棉磨,你感覺(jué)到了嗎?
I can’t spot the difference between them.
我看不出他們的區(qū)別学辱。
10.The fact is that I earned my passage by working as an unpaid hand,which? accounts for my? appearance.(P18)
難句解讀
事實(shí)上乘瓤,我靠做義工來(lái)頂替船費(fèi),這就是我衣冠不整的原因了。
主句是The fact is that I earned my passage by working as an unpaid hand…策泣,句中的that引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句衙傀,表語(yǔ)從句中又含有一個(gè)由which引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語(yǔ)從句。earn one’s passage意為“掙取旅費(fèi)”:account for 意為“對(duì)……做出解釋?zhuān)徽f(shuō)明原因”萨咕。
例如:
He couldn’t afford the fare, and so he had to earn his passage by doing jobs on the ship.
他交不起船費(fèi)统抬,只得靠在船上做些零活來(lái)掙取路費(fèi)。
Nobody could account for his absence from school.
沒(méi)人能對(duì)他曠課做出解釋危队。
難點(diǎn)深究
與account相關(guān)的詞組有:
take account of sth./take sth. into account把某事考慮在內(nèi)蓄喇;
on account of因?yàn)椋捎冢?/p>
pay/settle your account付賬/結(jié)賬交掏;
by/from all accounts根據(jù)各方面所說(shuō)妆偏;
on one’s account因?yàn)槟橙说木壒剩?/p>
on one’s own account為自己,靠自己盅弛;
on no account/not on any account決不钱骂;
by one’s own account根據(jù)某人自己所說(shuō);
on that account/on this account考慮到那種情況/考慮到這種情況挪鹏;
put/turn sth. to good account充分利用某物见秽;
of no account/of little account不重要,沒(méi)關(guān)系讨盒。
11.I went to the American embassy to seek help, but…(The brothers smile at each other.)(P18)
難句解讀
我上美國(guó)大使館求助解取,但是……(兄弟倆相視而笑。)返顺。
seek
意為“尋找禀苦,尋求蔓肯;設(shè)法得到”,seek sb./sth. out意為“找出(找到)某人或某物”振乏。
例如:
New graduates are busy seeking employment at the moment.
新畢業(yè)生此時(shí)正忙于找工作蔗包。
Our mission is to seek out the enemy and destroy them.
我們的任務(wù)就是找到敵人并把他們消滅掉。
難點(diǎn)深究
seek慧邮,look for和find的區(qū)別:
seek 一般用于抽象意義调限,有時(shí)也表示渴望得到某一具體的東西,是比較正式的書(shū)面用法; look for 強(qiáng)調(diào)找的過(guò)程; find強(qiáng)調(diào)找的結(jié)果误澳。
例如:
They seek information from various sources.
他們從各種來(lái)源收集信息耻矮。
He is looking for his dictionary bought yesterday.
他在找昨天買(mǎi)的那本詞典。
Let’s hope we can find our? parking place.
但愿我們能找到一個(gè)停車(chē)的地方忆谓。
12.Patience, Mr.Adams.(P18)
難句解讀
耐心點(diǎn)兒,亞當(dāng)斯先生淘钟。
patience
意為“耐心”,其形容詞形式為patient陪毡,其相關(guān)詞組有:
with patience耐心地米母;
be patient with sb.對(duì)某人有耐心;
have no patience with不能容忍……毡琉;
be out of patience對(duì)……耐不住铁瞒。
注意下列句子中紅體部分的含義:
Just a little patience, we will finish it as soon as possible.
耐心點(diǎn),我們會(huì)盡快地完成它。
Patience is the plaster for all sores.
忍耐可減輕一切痛苦桅滋。(諺語(yǔ))
As a teacher you should be patient with your students.
作為老師慧耍,你應(yīng)該對(duì)學(xué)生耐心點(diǎn)。
I’m sorry. I have no patience with all your complaints.
對(duì)不起丐谋,我可受不了你發(fā)牢騷芍碧。
13.Well, to be honest, I have none.(P18)
難句解讀
哦,老實(shí)說(shuō)号俐,我一分錢(qián)也沒(méi)有泌豆。
to be honest
意為“老實(shí)說(shuō)”,相當(dāng)于honestly speaking吏饿,類(lèi)似的短語(yǔ)還有frankly speaking坦率地講踪危,generally speaking一般說(shuō)來(lái),personally speaking就個(gè)人來(lái)說(shuō)猪落,technically speaking從技術(shù)上來(lái)說(shuō)贞远。
例如:
Frankly speaking, I dislike you.
坦率地講,我并不喜歡你笨忌。
Generally speaking, rural schools provide a better environment for the students.
一般說(shuō)來(lái)蓝仲,鄉(xiāng)村學(xué)校給學(xué)生提供更好的環(huán)境。
14.On the contrary,in fact. If this is your idea of some kind of joke, I don’t think it is very funny.(P18)
難句解讀
事實(shí)上,正好相反袱结,如果你們認(rèn)為這是一個(gè)笑話(huà)亮隙,我可一點(diǎn)兒也不覺(jué)得可笑。
on the contrary
意為“正相反”擎勘。觀(guān)察下列句子紅體部分的意思:
He had thought that she would give up soon.But on the contrary,she didn’t stop until she succeeded.
他本以為她很快會(huì)放棄的。 但相反颖榜,她一直到成功才停止棚饵。
You are wrong. On the contrary, the man in ordinary clothes is a rich man.
你錯(cuò)了。正相反掩完,穿著普通的那個(gè)人才是有錢(qián)人噪漾。
15.What quality do you think is the most important for this job?(P21)
難句解讀
你認(rèn)為什么樣的素質(zhì)對(duì)這份工作最重要?
do you think為插入語(yǔ)且蓬。插入語(yǔ)在英語(yǔ)句子中比較常見(jiàn)欣硼,但通常與句中其他成分沒(méi)有語(yǔ)法上的關(guān)系,只是用來(lái)表示說(shuō)話(huà)者對(duì)句子所表達(dá)意思的態(tài)度恶阴。插入語(yǔ)可以是一個(gè)詞诈胜、一個(gè)短語(yǔ)或一個(gè)句子。
例如:
Wonderful, we have won again.
太好了冯事,我們又贏(yíng)了焦匈。
You can’t wait any more—in other words, you should start at once.
你不能再等了——換言之,你得立即出發(fā)昵仅。
One day, I believe, my dream will come true.
我相信缓熟,總有一天我的夢(mèng)想會(huì)實(shí)現(xiàn)的。
難點(diǎn)深究
含插入語(yǔ)的特殊疑問(wèn)句的語(yǔ)序?yàn)椋?/p>
疑問(wèn)詞+do you think/suppose /believe/hope/suggest/expect+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+其他成分摔笤?
例如:
What should I do first?
我應(yīng)該先做什么够滑?
→What do you think I should do first? 你認(rèn)為我應(yīng)該先做什么?
16.Well,we’ll? take a chance.(P22)
難句解讀
哦吕世,我們要冒一點(diǎn)兒險(xiǎn)了彰触。
take a/the chance
意為“碰運(yùn)氣,冒風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”。與chance一詞相關(guān)的詞組還有:
take chances 碰運(yùn)氣,冒風(fēng)險(xiǎn)命辖;
take a chance of doing sth.冒險(xiǎn)干某事渴析;
take a risk of doing sth.冒險(xiǎn)干某事;
take a chance on sth.就某事賭一把,碰運(yùn)氣吮龄。
難點(diǎn)深究
chance俭茧,occasion,opportunity的區(qū)別:
chance/opportunity意為“(使達(dá)成某事成為可能)時(shí)機(jī)漓帚,良機(jī)”母债,強(qiáng)調(diào)可能性,chance尤指偶然性;occasion意為“(做某事的)適當(dāng)時(shí)間毡们,時(shí)機(jī)”迅皇,強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間、場(chǎng)合上的恰當(dāng)衙熔。注意以下短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞:
fit/suit the occasion適合那種場(chǎng)合登颓;
catch/seize/take/use the occasion to do sth.利用機(jī)會(huì)做某事;
celebrate/make/observe an occasion慶祝節(jié)日红氯。
17.(in a rude manner)What’s there to wait for?(P22)
難句解讀
(很不耐煩地)還等什么?
in a…manner
意為“以……的舉止(態(tài)度),以……方式”框咙。manner 作“方法,方式痢甘, 舉止喇嘱,態(tài)度”講時(shí)常用單數(shù);作“禮貌塞栅,風(fēng)俗”講時(shí)者铜,常用復(fù)數(shù)。與manner相關(guān)的短語(yǔ)有:
well mannered 很有禮貌的放椰;
ill mannered 沒(méi)有禮貌的作烟;
bad manners沒(méi)有禮貌;
good manners 有禮貌砾医。
18.But he is? in rags.(P22)
難句解讀
但他穿的是一身破爛兒俗壹!
in rags
意為“衣衫襤褸的”。
例如:
The boy in rags has been begging there all the day.
那個(gè)衣衫襤褸的男孩整天在那里乞討藻烤。
19.As for the bill, sir, please forget it.(P22)
難句解讀
至于賬單嘛绷雏,先生,請(qǐng)把它忘了吧怖亭。
as for(sb./sth.)
意為“至于涎显,就(某人或某物)而言”。
例如:
Nick can stay, but as for you, you can get out of my sight.
尼克可以留下來(lái)兴猩,至于你期吓,則可以從我眼前消失。
難點(diǎn)深究
forget to do與forget doing的區(qū)別:
forget to do是“忘記做什么”倾芝,具體說(shuō)來(lái)讨勤,forget用于過(guò)去時(shí)或完成時(shí)表示“要做的事情而忘記做”;用于將來(lái)時(shí)或祈使句晨另,通常用于否定式潭千,表示“不要忘記做某件事”。forget doing是“做了某事而把它忘記了”借尿,doing的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在前刨晴,forget的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在后屉来,相當(dāng)于and或but連接的并列句。
例如:
I have forgotten to bring my umbrella.
我忘了帶傘狈癞。
I forgot to give my regards to them.
我忘了向他們問(wèn)好茄靠。
Don’t forget to shake the bottle before use.
使用前別忘了先把瓶子搖一下。
I shall not forget to bring my pen with me.
我不會(huì)忘記把我的鋼筆帶來(lái)蝶桶。
I forgot receiving her letter.=I had received her letter, but I forgot that.
我接到了她的來(lái)信慨绳,但忘了。
I shall never forget hearing her singing that song.=I heard her singing that song and I shall never forget that.
我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記聽(tīng)她唱那首歌的情景真竖。
參考書(shū)目(獨(dú)家授權(quán))
張?chǎng)斡? 高中《英語(yǔ)》教材講與練: 人教課標(biāo)版. 一年級(jí)[M]. 湖北科學(xué)技術(shù)出版社.
本文編輯:Joyce
編輯助理:Jane(搜索Jane_CFLA)
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