“ 英文部分來自經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人，譯文僅供個(gè)人研習(xí)粮彤、欣賞語言之用根穷，謝絕任何轉(zhuǎn)載及用于任何商業(yè)用途。本譯文所涉法律后果均由本人承擔(dān)导坟。本人同意簡(jiǎn)書平臺(tái)在接獲有關(guān)著作權(quán)人的通知后缠诅，刪除文章≌”

Berlin used to pay little attention to the area. But regional decline has already had a political effect. In a state election in March 2016, a populist party, the AfD, came first in Bitterfeld and second in Wolfen. Such places will matter in a federal election in September, which is expected to be tight. Bitterfeld-Wolfen has seen its population plummet from 75,000 in 1989 to 40,500 today. Even after administrators tore down blocks of flats, and cut floors off others, skeletal remains of buildings still await the wrecking ball. Nearly one building in five is empty. A grand Stalinist-era construction, once the town’s cultural palace, now stands deserted. Two-thirds of kindergartens and over half the schools have closed since 1990. The number of pupils finishing secondary school has fallen by half. Employers struggle to fill vacancies.

柏林過去很少關(guān)注這一地區(qū)管引。然而區(qū)域性的衰落已經(jīng)產(chǎn)生了政治影響。2016年3月舉行的一次州選舉中闯两，民粹主義政黨AfD在比特菲爾德得票第一褥伴，在沃爾芬得票比第二谅将。預(yù)計(jì)9月的聯(lián)邦選舉會(huì)很膠著，而這些地方非常關(guān)鍵重慢。從1989年到今天饥臂，比特菲爾德-沃爾芬的人口已從7.5萬降至4.05萬。即使管理部門已經(jīng)拆除了一些公寓樓及其他建筑似踱，仍有殘?jiān)珨啾诘戎溴N隅熙。近20%的建筑物空置。一棟宏偉的斯大林時(shí)代的建筑曾是這座小城的文化宮核芽，如今已被廢棄囚戚。自1990年以來，三分之二的幼兒園和近半數(shù)的學(xué)校已經(jīng)關(guān)閉轧简。完成初中學(xué)業(yè)的學(xué)生人數(shù)下降了一般驰坊。雇主苦苦尋覓能填補(bǔ)崗位空缺的人。

Apprentices—especially in service industries—are hard to find. The one booming industry, care, is desperate for more geriatricians, nurses and trainees. To help fill the gap, the local?Euro-Schulen, a training institute, has turned to Vietnam. Having studied German in Hanoi, 16 young apprentices started in April, with 20 more expected soon. Nearby Dessau is setting up a similar arrangement with China.

實(shí)習(xí)生很難招哮独，特別是服務(wù)行業(yè)的拳芙。蓬勃發(fā)展護(hù)理業(yè)迫切需要更多的老年病醫(yī)生、護(hù)士和見習(xí)生皮璧。為了幫助填補(bǔ)這一缺口舟扎，當(dāng)?shù)匾患遗嘤?xùn)機(jī)構(gòu)“歐洲學(xué)校”將目光投向了越南悴务。4月開始浆竭，16名在河內(nèi)學(xué)習(xí)過的德語的年輕學(xué)徒上崗。很快還會(huì)再有20名惨寿。附近的城市德紹也正同中國(guó)訂立類似的合作協(xié)議。

Germany has long relied on migrants to make up for low fertility rates. Unusually high migration in recent years has more than offset the shrinkage of the native-born population. But the EU countries that have traditionally provided the migrants, such as Poland, are also ageing. Migrant flows will slow; competition for labour will increase. And Olga P?tzsch, from the Federal Statistical Office, argues that Germany will need far more migrants to stop population decline, which is predicted to accelerate from 2020.

德國(guó)一直靠移民來彌補(bǔ)生育率低下删窒。近年這樣大批涌入的移民在抵消本土出生人口縮水裂垦，還略有富裕，但過去一直提供移民的歐盟國(guó)家肌索，如波蘭蕉拢，本身也在老齡化。移民流動(dòng)將放緩诚亚，爭(zhēng)奪勞動(dòng)力的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)會(huì)加劇晕换。德國(guó)聯(lián)邦統(tǒng)計(jì)局的奧爾加·波茨什表示，德國(guó)人口預(yù)計(jì)會(huì)在2020年后加速減少站宗，要想遏制人口下跌闸准，所需移民數(shù)量要遠(yuǎn)超現(xiàn)在的數(shù)字。

Uwe Schulze, a senior local official, says that refugees are not filling the labour shortage. Of the 2,600-odd asylum-seekers who arrived in the area in 2015 and 2016, fewer than a third are now registered as “capable of working” and only 40 are fully employed. From his wood-panelled office in a neoclassical building that once housed one of Europe’s largest colour-film makers, Armin Schenk, Bitterfeld-Wolfen’s mayor, says the problems are mostly to do with language, qualifications and uncertainty about asylum. Asked whether Afghans and Syrians could join the same programme as the Vietnamese, Liane Michaelis, from?Euro-Schulen,?forcefully shakes her head, citing educational, religious and ethical barriers for care jobs. She adds that “those who do have the right papers leave quickly”. According to the OECD, about half of asylum-seekers who started off in eastern Germany in the past moved to places such as Hamburg once they secured their permit.

當(dāng)?shù)匾晃桓呒?jí)官員烏維·舒爾茨說難民并沒有填補(bǔ)勞動(dòng)力短缺梢灭。2015至2016年間抵達(dá)本地區(qū)的2600多名尋求庇護(hù)的難民中夷家，只有不到三分之一的人登記為“有工作能力”蒸其，只有40個(gè)人找到了全職工作。在那棟曾經(jīng)是歐洲最大的彩色膠卷生產(chǎn)企業(yè)的總部的建筑里库快，有一間木板墻面的辦公室摸袁，比特菲爾德-沃爾芬市的市長(zhǎng)阿爾明·申克表示問題大多出在語言障礙，資質(zhì)欠缺以及不確定難民是否能得到庇護(hù)义屏。當(dāng)問到阿富汗人靠汁、敘利亞人是否能參加越南人一樣的項(xiàng)目時(shí)，歐洲學(xué)校的利亞妮·密歇愛麗絲用力地?fù)u了搖頭闽铐，她指出教育蝶怔、宗教、道德方面的隔閡令他們難以從事護(hù)理工作阳啥。她補(bǔ)充道添谊，“那些確實(shí)有許可的人又都會(huì)很快離開”。經(jīng)合組織表示察迟，之前斩狱，先在德國(guó)東部落腳的避難者一旦拿到拘留許可，便會(huì)搬到漢堡等地扎瓶。