??用到的幾條命令

uname -a
cat /etc/issue
lsb_release -a
echo $DESKTOP_SESSION 
ls /etc/apt
ls /etc/apt/sources.list.d
cat /etc/apt/sources.list

第1章節(jié)?zorin

??相關信息如下：

li@li-ThinkPad-T420s:~$ uname -a
Linux li-ThinkPad-T420s 4.18.0-22-generic #23~18.04.1-Ubuntu SMP Thu Jun 6 08:37:25 UTC 2019 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

li@li-ThinkPad-T420s:~$ cat /etc/issue
Zorin OS 15 \n \l

li@li-ThinkPad-T420s:~$ lsb_release -a
No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID: Zorin
Description:    Zorin OS 15
Release:    15
Codename:   bionic

li@li-ThinkPad-T420s:~$ echo $DESKTOP_SESSION 
zorin

• 1-1?/etc/apt/

li@li-ThinkPad-T420s:~$ ls /etc/apt
apt.conf.d  auth.conf.d  preferences.d  sources.list
sources.list.d  sources.list.save  trustdb.gpg  trusted.gpg
trusted.gpg~  trusted.gpg.d

• 1-2?/etc/apt/sources.list.d

dhor-ubuntu-myway-bionic.list
sogoupinyin.list
zorin.list
zorinos-ubuntu-patches-bionic.list
dhor-ubuntu-myway-bionic.list.save
sogoupinyin.list.save
zorin.list.save
zorinos-ubuntu-patches-bionic.list.save
sublime-text.list
zorinos-ubuntu-apps-bionic.list
zorinos-ubuntu-stable-bionic.list
sublime-text.list.save
zorinos-ubuntu-apps-bionic.list.save
zorinos-ubuntu-stable-bionic.list.save
notepadqq-team-ubuntu-notepadqq-bionic.list
vscode.list
zorinos-ubuntu-drivers-bionic.list
notepadqq-team-ubuntu-notepadqq-bionic.list.save
vscode.list.save
zorinos-ubuntu-drivers-bionic.list.save

??裝過一些軟件寇僧，內容比較多。

• 1-3?vim sources.list

  1# deb cdrom:[Zorin-OS 16 Core 64 bit]/ bionic main restricted
  2 
  3 
  4 
  5 
  6 deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
  7 # deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
  8 deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
  9 # deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
 10 deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
 11 # deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
 12 deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
 13 # deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
 14 
 15 
 16 # See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to
 17 # newer versions of the distribution.
 18 deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted
 19 # deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted
 20 
 21 ## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the
 22 ## distribution.
 23 deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted
 24 # deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted
 25 
 26 ## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
 27 ## team. Also, please note that software in universe WILL NOT receive any
 28 ## review or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
 29 deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic universe
 30 # deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic universe
 31 deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates universe
 32 # deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates universe
 33 
 34 ## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu 
 35 ## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to 
 36 ## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in 
 37 ## multiverse WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu
 38 ## security team.
 39 deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic multiverse
 40 # deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic multiverse
 41 deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates multiverse
 42 # deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates multiverse
 43 
 44 ## N.B. software from this repository may not have been tested as
 45 ## extensively as that contained in the main release, although it includes
 46 ## newer versions of some applications which may provide useful features.
 47 ## Also, please note that software in backports WILL NOT receive any review
 48 ## or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
 49 deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
 50 # deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
 51 
 52 ## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from Canonical's
 53 ## 'partner' repository.
 54 ## This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is offered by Canonical and the
 55 ## respective vendors as a service to Ubuntu users.
 56 # deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu bionic partner
 57 # deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu bionic partner
 58 
 59 deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security main restricted
 60 # deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security main restricted
 61 deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security universe
 62 # deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security universe
 63 deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security multiverse
 64 # deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security multiverse

第2章節(jié)?kadachi

??相關信息如下：

root@Secure-OS:/# uname -a
Linux Secure-OS 5.0.0-19-generic #20~18.04.1-Ubuntu SMP Thu Jun 20 12:17:14 UTC 2019 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

root@Secure-OS:/# cat /etc/issue
Kodachi \n \l

root@Secure-OS:/# lsb_release -a
No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID: Ubuntu
Description:    kodachi
Release:    18.04
Codename:   bionic

root@Secure-OS:/# echo $DESKTOP_SESSION 
xubuntu
root@Secure-OS:/# 

• 2-1?/etc/apt/

root@Secure-OS:/# ls /etc/apt
apt.conf.d   preferences.d  sources.list.d     sources.list.save    trusted.gpg   trusted.gpg.d
auth.conf.d  sources.list   sources.list_ORIG  sources.list.save.1  trusted.gpg~

• 2-2?/etc/apt/sources.list.d

root@Secure-OS:/# ls /etc/apt/sources.list.d
libreoffice-ubuntu-ppa-bionic.list  oguzhaninan-ubuntu-stacer-bionic.list   riot-im.list                                signal-xenial.list  zelcash.list
micahflee-ubuntu-ppa-bionic.list    phoerious-ubuntu-keepassxc-bionic.list  shevchuk-ubuntu-dnscrypt-proxy-bionic.list  syncthing.list
root@Secure-OS:/# 

• 2-3?vi sources.list

###### Ubuntu Main Repos
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic main restricted universe multiverse

###### Ubuntu Update Repos
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse

deb https://deb.torproject.org/torproject.org bionic main

• 2-4? apt update

root@Secure-OS:/# apt update
Get:1 https://updates.signal.org/desktop/apt xenial InRelease [2,315 B]                                                                                         
Get:2 https://apt.zel.cash all InRelease [1,532 B]                                                                                                              
Get:3 https://updates.signal.org/desktop/apt xenial/main amd64 Packages [862 B]                                                                                 
Get:4 https://apt.zel.cash all/main amd64 Packages [1,106 B]                                                                                                    
Get:5 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic InRelease [242 kB]                                                                                                
Get:6 https://apt.syncthing.net syncthing InRelease [15.1 kB]                                                                                                   
Get:7 https://apt.syncthing.net syncthing/stable i386 Packages [1,251 B]                                                                                        
Get:8 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security InRelease [88.7 kB]                                                                                      
Get:9 https://apt.syncthing.net syncthing/stable amd64 Packages [1,244 B]                                                                                       
Get:10 https://packages.riot.im/debian bionic InRelease [2,879 B]                                                                                               
Get:11 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates InRelease [88.7 kB]                                                                                      
Get:12 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-proposed InRelease [242 kB]                                                                                      
Get:13 https://packages.riot.im/debian bionic/main amd64 Packages [429 B]                                                                                       
Get:14 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-backports InRelease [74.6 kB]                                                                                    
Get:15 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/main i386 Packages [1,007 kB]                                                                                    
Get:16 http://ppa.launchpad.net/libreoffice/ppa/ubuntu bionic InRelease [20.7 kB]                                                                               
Get:17 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 Packages [1,019 kB]                                                                                   
Get:18 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/main Translation-en [516 kB]                                                                                     
Get:19 http://ppa.launchpad.net/micahflee/ppa/ubuntu bionic InRelease [15.4 kB]                                                                                 
Get:20 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/restricted amd64 Packages [9,184 B]                                                                              
Get:21 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/restricted i386 Packages [9,156 B]                                                                               
Get:22 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/restricted Translation-en [3,584 B]                                                                              
Get:23 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/universe amd64 Packages [8,570 kB]                                                                               
Get:24 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/universe i386 Packages [8,531 kB]                                                                                
Get:25 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/universe Translation-en [4,941 kB]                                                                               
Get:26 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/multiverse i386 Packages [144 kB]                                                                                
Get:27 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/multiverse amd64 Packages [151 kB]                                                                               
Get:28 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/multiverse Translation-en [108 kB]                                                                               
Get:29 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security/main i386 Packages [346 kB]                                                                             
Get:30 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security/main amd64 Packages [465 kB]                                                                            
Get:31 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security/main Translation-en [160 kB]                                                                            
Get:32 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security/restricted amd64 Packages [4,296 B]                                                                     
Get:33 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security/restricted i386 Packages [4,280 B]                                                                      
Get:34 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security/restricted Translation-en [2,192 B]                                                                     
Get:35 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security/universe amd64 Packages [577 kB]                                                                        
Get:36 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security/universe i386 Packages [569 kB]                                                                         
Get:37 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security/universe Translation-en [189 kB]   
Get:38 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security/multiverse amd64 Packages [4,008 B]                                                                     
Get:39 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security/multiverse i386 Packages [4,148 B]                                                                      
Get:40 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security/multiverse Translation-en [2,060 B]                                                                     
Get:41 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/main i386 Packages [566 kB]                                                                              
Get:42 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/main amd64 Packages [697 kB]                                                                             
Err:43 https://deb.torproject.org/torproject.org bionic InRelease                                                                                               
  Could not connect to deb.torproject.org:443 (203.161.230.171), connection timed out Could not connect to deb.torproject.org:443 (203.161.230.171), connection timed out
Get:44 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/main Translation-en [256 kB]                                                                             
Get:45 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/restricted i386 Packages [6,952 B]                                                                       
Get:46 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/restricted amd64 Packages [7,040 B]                                                                      
Get:47 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/restricted Translation-en [3,076 B]                                                                      
Get:48 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/universe amd64 Packages [983 kB]                                                                         
Get:49 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/universe i386 Packages [964 kB]                                                                          
Get:50 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/universe Translation-en [299 kB]                                                                         
Get:51 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/multiverse amd64 Packages [11.9 kB]                                                                      
Get:52 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/multiverse i386 Packages [8,860 B]                                                                       
Get:53 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/multiverse Translation-en [5,764 B]                                                                      
Get:54 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-proposed/main i386 Packages [55.0 kB]                                                                            
Get:55 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-proposed/main amd64 Packages [72.5 kB]                                                                           
Get:56 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-proposed/main Translation-en [31.6 kB]                                                                           
Get:57 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-proposed/restricted amd64 Packages [1,092 B]                                                                     
Get:58 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-proposed/restricted Translation-en [536 B]                                                                       
Get:59 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-proposed/universe i386 Packages [14.4 kB]                                                                        
Get:60 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-proposed/universe amd64 Packages [19.7 kB]                                                                       
Get:61 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-proposed/universe Translation-en [10.8 kB]                                                                       
Get:62 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-backports/main amd64 Packages [2,512 B]                                                                          
Get:63 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-backports/main i386 Packages [2,516 B]                                                                           
Get:64 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-backports/main Translation-en [1,644 B]                                                                          
Get:65 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-backports/universe amd64 Packages [3,732 B]                                                                      
Get:66 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-backports/universe i386 Packages [3,740 B]                                                                       
Get:67 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-backports/universe Translation-en [1,696 B]                                                                      
Err:19 http://ppa.launchpad.net/micahflee/ppa/ubuntu bionic InRelease                                                                                           
  Connection timed out [IP: 91.189.95.83 80]
Get:68 http://ppa.launchpad.net/oguzhaninan/stacer/ubuntu bionic InRelease [15.9 kB]                                                                            
Get:69 http://ppa.launchpad.net/phoerious/keepassxc/ubuntu bionic InRelease [15.9 kB]                                                                           
Err:69 http://ppa.launchpad.net/phoerious/keepassxc/ubuntu bionic InRelease                                                                                     
  Connection timed out [IP: 91.189.95.83 80]
Get:70 http://ppa.launchpad.net/shevchuk/dnscrypt-proxy/ubuntu bionic InRelease [15.9 kB]                                                                       
Err:70 http://ppa.launchpad.net/shevchuk/dnscrypt-proxy/ubuntu bionic InRelease                
 Connection timed out [IP: 91.189.95.83 80]
Get:71 http://ppa.launchpad.net/libreoffice/ppa/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 Packages [28.3 kB]
Get:72 http://ppa.launchpad.net/libreoffice/ppa/ubuntu bionic/main i386 Packages [28.3 kB]                                                                      
Get:73 http://ppa.launchpad.net/libreoffice/ppa/ubuntu bionic/main Translation-en [11.6 kB]                                                                     
Get:74 http://ppa.launchpad.net/oguzhaninan/stacer/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 Packages [468 B]                                                                    
Get:75 http://ppa.launchpad.net/oguzhaninan/stacer/ubuntu bionic/main i386 Packages [468 B]                                                                     
Get:76 http://ppa.launchpad.net/oguzhaninan/stacer/ubuntu bionic/main Translation-en [176 B]                                                                    
Fetched 32.2 MB in 2min 38s (204 kB/s)                                                                                                                          
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
217 packages can be upgraded. Run 'apt list --upgradable' to see them.
N: Skipping acquire of configured file 'main/binary-i386/Packages' as repository 'https://apt.zel.cash all InRelease' doesn't support architecture 'i386'
W: Failed to fetch https://deb.torproject.org/torproject.org/dists/bionic/InRelease  Could not connect to deb.torproject.org:443 (203.161.230.171), connection timed out Could not connect to deb.torproject.org:443 (203.161.230.171), connection timed out
W: Failed to fetch http://ppa.launchpad.net/micahflee/ppa/ubuntu/dists/bionic/InRelease  Connection timed out [IP: 91.189.95.83 80]
W: Failed to fetch http://ppa.launchpad.net/phoerious/keepassxc/ubuntu/dists/bionic/InRelease  Connection timed out [IP: 91.189.95.83 80]
W: Failed to fetch http://ppa.launchpad.net/shevchuk/dnscrypt-proxy/ubuntu/dists/bionic/InRelease  Connection timed out [IP: 91.189.95.83 80]
W: Some index files failed to download. They have been ignored, or old ones used instead.
root@Secure-OS:/# 

• 2-5? apt install deepin-terminal

root@Secure-OS:/# apt install deepin-terminal
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
The following additional packages will be installed:
  dde-qt5integration deepin-menu expect libdframeworkdbus1 libdtkcore2 libdtkwidget2 libgee-0.8-2 libgsettings-qt1 libqt5multimedia5 libqt5xdg3
  libqt5xdgiconloader3 libtcl8.6 lrzsz qt5dxcb-plugin tcl-expect tcl8.6
Suggested packages:
  tk8.6 minicom tcl-tclreadline
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  dde-qt5integration deepin-menu deepin-terminal expect libdframeworkdbus1 libdtkcore2 libdtkwidget2 libgee-0.8-2 libgsettings-qt1 libqt5multimedia5 libqt5xdg3
  libqt5xdgiconloader3 libtcl8.6 lrzsz qt5dxcb-plugin tcl-expect tcl8.6
0 upgraded, 17 newly installed, 0 to remove and 217 not upgraded.
Need to get 5,641 kB of archives.
After this operation, 19.1 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
Get:1 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/universe amd64 qt5dxcb-plugin amd64 1.1.8.4+ds-1build1 [129 kB]
Get:2 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/universe amd64 libgsettings-qt1 amd64 0.1+17.10.20170824-2fakesync1build2 [17.2 kB]                               
Get:3 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/universe amd64 libdtkcore2 amd64 2.0.7.1-3 [180 kB]                                                               
Get:4 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/universe amd64 libdframeworkdbus1 amd64 0.4.2-2 [291 kB]                                                          
Get:5 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/universe amd64 libqt5multimedia5 amd64 5.9.5-0ubuntu1 [293 kB]                                                    
Get:6 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/universe amd64 libdtkwidget2 amd64 2.0.7.2-2build1 [607 kB]                                                       
Get:7 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/universe amd64 libqt5xdgiconloader3 amd64 3.1.0-5build2 [27.9 kB]                                                 
Get:8 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/universe amd64 libqt5xdg3 amd64 3.1.0-5build2 [84.4 kB]                                                           
Get:9 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/universe amd64 dde-qt5integration amd64 0.2.8.3+git20180208-1build1 [326 kB]                                      
Get:10 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/universe amd64 deepin-menu amd64 3.2.0-1 [46.1 kB]                                                               
Get:11 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 libgee-0.8-2 amd64 0.20.1-1 [210 kB]                                                                  
Get:12 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security/universe amd64 lrzsz amd64 0.12.21-10~build0.18.04.1 [74.8 kB]                                          
Get:13 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 libtcl8.6 amd64 8.6.8+dfsg-3 [881 kB]                                                                 
Get:14 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/universe amd64 tcl-expect amd64 5.45.4-1 [105 kB]                                                                
Get:15 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/universe amd64 expect amd64 5.45.4-1 [137 kB]                                                                    
Get:16 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/universe amd64 deepin-terminal amd64 2.9.2-1 [2,217 kB]                                                          
Get:17 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 tcl8.6 amd64 8.6.8+dfsg-3 [14.4 kB]    

第3章節(jié)?MX Linux

??相關信息如下：

root@mx:/# uname -a
Linux mx 4.19.0-5-amd64 #1 SMP Debian 4.19.37-2~mx17+1 (2019-05-15) x86_64 GNU/Linux

root@mx:/# cat /etc/issue
Welcome to MX Linux! Powered by Debian.

root@mx:/# lsb_release -a
No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID: MX
Description:    MX 18.3 Continuum
Release:    18.3
Codename:   Continuum

root@mx:/# echo $DESKTOP_SESSION 
lightdm-xsession

• 3-1?/etc/apt/

root@mx:/# ls /etc/apt
apt.conf    preferences.d   trustdb.gpg  trusted.gpg~
apt.conf.d  sources.list.d  trusted.gpg  trusted.gpg.d

• 3-2?/etc/apt/sources.list.d

root@mx:/# ls /etc/apt/sources.list.d
antix.list  debian.list  debian-stable-updates.list  mx.list  sogoupinyin.list  various.list

• 3-3?vim sources.list

#無sources.list

第4章節(jié)?KDE neon

??相關信息如下：

root@li-QiTianM410-N000:/home/li# uname -a
Linux li-QiTianM410-N000 4.18.0-25-generic 
#26~18.04.1-Ubuntu SMP Thu Jun 27 07:28:31 UTC 2019 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

root@li-QiTianM410-N000:/home/li# cat /etc/issue
KDE neon 5.16 \n \l

root@li-QiTianM410-N000:/home/li# lsb_release -a
No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID: neon
Description:    KDE neon User Edition 5.16
Release:        18.04
Codename:       bionic

root@li-QiTianM410-N000:/home/li# echo $DESKTOP_SESSION 
/usr/share/xsessions/plasma

• 4-1?/etc/apt/

root@li-QiTianM410-N000:/# ls /etc/apt
apt.conf    auth.conf.d    sources.list    trusted.gpg   trusted.gpg.d
apt.conf.d  preferences.d  sources.list.d  trusted.gpg~

• 4-2?/etc/apt/sources.list.d

root@li-QiTianM410-N000:/# ls /etc/apt/sources.list.d
neon.list

• 4-3?vim sources.list

  1 #deb cdrom:[neon user _Bionic_ - Build amd66 LIVE Binary 20190725-11:29]/ bionic mai    n multiverse restricted universe
  2 
  3 # See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to
  4 # newer versions of the distribution.
  5 deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted
  6 # deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted
  7 
  8 ## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the
  9 ## distribution.
 10 deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted
 11 # deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted
 12 
 13 ## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
 14 ## team. Also, please note that software in universe WILL NOT receive any
 15 ## review or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
 16 deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic universe
 17 # deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic universe
 18 deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates universe
 19 # deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates universe
 20 
 21 ## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu 
 22 ## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to 
 23 ## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in 
 24 ## multiverse WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu
 25 ## security team.
 26 deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic multiverse
 27 # deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic multiverse
 28 deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates multiverse
 29 # deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates multiverse
 30 
 31 ## N.B. software from this repository may not have been tested as
 32 ## extensively as that contained in the main release, although it includes
 33 ## newer versions of some applications which may provide useful features.
 34 ## Also, please note that software in backports WILL NOT receive any review
 35 ## or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
 36 deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe m    ultiverse
 37 # deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted univ    erse multiverse
 38 
 39 ## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from Canonical's
 40 ## 'partner' repository.
 41 ## This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is offered by Canonical and the
 42 ## respective vendors as a service to Ubuntu users.
 43 # deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu bionic partner
 44 # deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu bionic partner
 45 
 46 deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security main restricted
 47 # deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security main restricted
 48 deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security universe
 49 # deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security universe
 50 deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security multiverse
 51 # deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security multiverse

• 4-4?apt update

root@li-QiTianM410-N000:/# apt update
Hit:1 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic InRelease          
Hit:2 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security InRelease                      
Hit:3 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates InRelease                     
Hit:4 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-backports InRelease     
Get:5 http://archive.neon.kde.org/user bionic InRelease [131 kB]
Fetched 131 kB in 3s (47.4 kB/s)                             
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
143 packages can be upgraded. Run 'apt list --upgradable' to see them.

第5章節(jié)?Pop!_os

??相關信息如下：

root@pop-os:/# uname -a
Linux pop-os 5.0.0-21-generic #22~system76-Ubuntu SMP Fri Jul 5 18:10:39 UTC 2019 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

root@pop-os:/# cat /etc/issue
Ubuntu 19.04 \n \l

root@pop-os:/# lsb_release -a
No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID: Ubuntu
Description:    Pop!_OS 19.04
Release:    19.04
Codename:   disco

root@pop-os:/# echo $DESKTOP_SESSION 
pop

• 5-1?/etc/apt/

root@pop-os:/# ls /etc/apt
apt.conf.d   preferences.d  sources.list~   sources.list.save  trusted.gpg.d
auth.conf.d  sources.list   sources.list.d  trusted.gpg

• 5-2?/etc/apt/sources.list

root@pop-os:/# ls /etc/apt/sources.list.d
system76-ubuntu-pop-disco.list  system76-ubuntu-pop-disco.list.save

• 5-3?vim sources.list

 1 # deb cdrom:[Pop_OS 19.04 _Disco_ - Release amd64 (20190709)]/ disco main restricted
 2 deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ disco main restricted universe multiverse
 3 deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ disco main restricted universe multiverse
 4 deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ disco-security main restricted universe multiverse
 5 deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ disco-security main restricted universe multiverse
 6 deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ disco-updates main restricted universe multiverse
 7 deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ disco-updates main restricted universe multiverse
 8 deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ disco-backports main restricted universe multiverse
 9 deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ disco-backports main restricted universe multiverse
10 deb http://apt.pop-os.org/proprietary disco main
11 # deb-src http://apt.pop-os.org/proprietary disco main
12 

• 5-4?vim system76-ubuntu-pop-disco.list

deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/system76/pop/ubuntu disco main
deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/system76/pop/ubuntu disco main

• 5-5?apt update

root@pop-os:/# apt update
Hit:1 http://ppa.launchpad.net/system76/pop/ubuntu disco InRelease
Hit:2 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu disco InRelease
Hit:3 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu disco-security InRelease
Hit:4 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu disco-updates InRelease
Hit:5 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu disco-backports InRelease
Hit:6 http://apt.pop-os.org/proprietary disco InRelease
Reading package lists... Done                 
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
130 packages can be upgraded. Run 'apt list --upgradable' to see them.

第6章節(jié)?Ubuntu MATE

??相關信息如下：

li@li-QiTianM410-N000:~/Desktop$ uname -a
Linux li-QiTianM410-N000 4.18.0-15-generic #16~18.04.1-Ubuntu SMP Thu Feb 7 14:06:04 UTC 2019 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

li@li-QiTianM410-N000:~/Desktop$ cat /etc/issue
Ubuntu 18.04.2 LTS \n \l

li@li-QiTianM410-N000:~/Desktop$ lsb_release -a
No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID: Ubuntu
Description:    Ubuntu 18.04.2 LTS
Release:    18.04
Codename:   bionic

li@li-QiTianM410-N000:~/Desktop$ echo $DESKTOP_SESSION 
mate

• 6-1?/etc/apt/

li@li-QiTianM410-N000:/$ ls /etc/apt
apt.conf.d  preferences.d  sources.list  sources.list.d  trusted.gpg.d

• 6-2?/etc/apt/sources.list.d

li@li-QiTianM410-N000:/$ ls /etc/apt/sources.list.d
#none

• 6-3?vim sources.list

      1 #deb cdrom:[Ubuntu-MATE 18.04.2 LTS _Bionic Beaver_ - Release amd64 (20190210)]/ bionic main multiverse restricted universe
      2 
      3 # See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to
      4 # newer versions of the distribution.
      5 deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted
      6 # deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted
      7 
      8 ## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the
      9 ## distribution.
     10 deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted
     11 # deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted
     12 
     13 ## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
     14 ## team. Also, please note that software in universe WILL NOT receive any
     15 ## review or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
     16 deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic universe
     17 # deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic universe
     18 deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates universe
     19 # deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates universe
     20 
     21 ## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
     22 ## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to
     23 ## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in
     24 ## multiverse WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu
     25 ## security team.
     26 deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic multiverse
     27 # deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic multiverse
     28 deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates multiverse
     29 # deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates multiverse
     30 
     31 ## N.B. software from this repository may not have been tested as
     32 ## extensively as that contained in the main release, although it includes
     33 ## newer versions of some applications which may provide useful features.
     34 ## Also, please note that software in backports WILL NOT receive any review
     35 ## or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
     36 deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
     37 # deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
     38 
     39 ## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from Canonical's
     40 ## 'partner' repository.
     41 ## This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is offered by Canonical and the
     42 ## respective vendors as a service to Ubuntu users.
     43 # deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu bionic partner
     44 # deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu bionic partner
     45 
     46 deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security main restricted
     47 # deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security main restricted
     48 deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security universe
     49 # deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security universe
     50 deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security multiverse
     51 # deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security multiverse

• 6-5?apt update

li@li-QiTianM410-N000:/etc/apt$ sudo apt update
Get:1 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security InRelease [88.7 kB]
Get:2 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic InRelease [242 kB]
Get:3 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates InRelease [88.7 kB]
Get:4 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security/main i386 Packages [346 kB]
Get:5 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-backports InRelease [74.6 kB] 
Get:6 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security/main amd64 Packages [465 kB]
Get:7 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 Packages [1,019 kB]
Get:8 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security/main Translation-en [160 kB]
Get:9 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security/restricted i386 Packages [4,280 B]
Get:10 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security/restricted amd64 Packages [4,296 B]
Get:11 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security/restricted Translation-en [2,192 B]
Get:12 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security/universe i386 Packages [569 kB]
Get:13 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security/universe amd64 Packages [577 kB]
Get:14 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security/universe Translation-en [189 kB]
Get:15 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security/multiverse i386 Packages [4,148 B]
Get:16 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security/multiverse amd64 Packages [4,008 B]
Get:17 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security/multiverse Translation-en [2,060 B]
Get:18 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/main i386 Packages [1,007 kB]
Get:19 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/main Translation-en [516 kB] 
Get:20 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/restricted i386 Packages [9,156 B]
Get:21 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/restricted amd64 Packages [9,184 B]
Get:22 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/restricted Translation-en [3,584 B]
Get:23 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/universe amd64 Packages [8,570 kB]
Get:24 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/universe i386 Packages [8,531 kB]
Get:25 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/universe Translation-en [4,941 kB]
Get:26 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/multiverse i386 Packages [144 kB]
Get:27 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/multiverse amd64 Packages [151 kB]
Get:28 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/multiverse Translation-en [108 kB]
Get:29 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/main i386 Packages [566 kB]
Get:30 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/main amd64 Packages [697 kB]
Get:31 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/main Translation-en [256 kB]
Get:32 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/restricted i386 Packages [6,952 B]
Get:33 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/restricted amd64 Packages [7,040 B]
Get:34 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/restricted Translation-en [3,076 B]
Get:35 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/universe i386 Packages [964 kB]
Get:36 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/universe amd64 Packages [983 kB]
Get:37 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/universe Translation-en [299 kB]
Get:38 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/multiverse amd64 Packages [11.9 kB]
Get:39 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/multiverse i386 Packages [8,860 B]
Get:40 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/multiverse Translation-en [5,764 B]
Get:41 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-backports/main i386 Packages [2,516 B]
Get:42 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-backports/main amd64 Packages [2,512 B]
Get:43 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-backports/main Translation-en [1,644 B]
Get:44 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-backports/universe amd64 Packages [3,732 B]
Get:45 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-backports/universe i386 Packages [3,740 B]
Get:46 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-backports/universe Translation-en [1,696 B]
Fetched 31.7 MB in 38s (827 kB/s)                                              
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
426 packages can be upgraded. Run 'apt list --upgradable' to see them.

第7章節(jié)?Peppermint

??相關信息如下：

li@li-QiTianM410-N000 ~ $ uname -a
Linux li-QiTianM410-N000 4.18.0-18-generic 
#19~18.04.1-Ubuntu SMP Fri Apr 5 10:22:13 UTC 2019 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

li@li-QiTianM410-N000 ~ $ cat /etc/issue
Peppermint Ten \n \l

li@li-QiTianM410-N000 ~ $ lsb_release -a
No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID: Peppermint
Description:    Peppermint 10 Ten
Release:    10
Codename:   bionic

li@li-QiTianM410-N000 ~ $ echo $DESKTOP_SESSION 
Peppermint

• 7-1?/etc/apt/

li@li-QiTianM410-N000 ~ $ ls /etc/apt
apt.conf.d   preferences    sources.list    trusted.gpg.d
auth.conf.d  preferences.d  sources.list.d

• 7-2?/etc/apt/sources.list.d

li@li-QiTianM410-N000 ~ $ ls /etc/apt/sources.list.d
peppermint.list

• 7-3?vim sources.list

  1 #deb cdrom:[Peppermint 10 (20190514) - Release amd64]/ bionic main multiverse rest    ricted universe
  2 
  3 # See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to
  4 # newer versions of the distribution.
  5 deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted
  6 # deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted
  7 
  8 ## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the
  9 ## distribution.
 10 deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted
 11 # deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted
 12 
 13 ## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
 14 ## team. Also, please note that software in universe WILL NOT receive any
 15 ## review or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
 16 deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic universe
 17 # deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic universe
 18 deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates universe
 19 # deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates universe
 20 
 21 ## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu 
 22 ## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to 
 23 ## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in 
 24 ## multiverse WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu
 25 ## security team.
 26 deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic multiverse
 27 # deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic multiverse
 28 deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates multiverse
 29 # deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates multiverse
 30 
 31 ## N.B. software from this repository may not have been tested as
 32 ## extensively as that contained in the main release, although it includes
 33 ## newer versions of some applications which may provide useful features.
 34 ## Also, please note that software in backports WILL NOT receive any review
 35 ## or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
 36 deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe     multiverse
 37 # deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted un    iverse multiverse
 38 
 39 ## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from Canonical's
 40 ## 'partner' repository.
 41 ## This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is offered by Canonical and the
 42 ## respective vendors as a service to Ubuntu users.
 43 # deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu bionic partner
 44 # deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu bionic partner
 45 
 46 deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security main restricted
 47 # deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security main restricted
 48 deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security universe
 49 # deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security universe
 50 deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security multiverse
 51 # deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security multiverse

• 7-4?vim peppermint.list

deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/peppermintos/p10-release/ubuntu bionic main
# deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/peppermintos/p10-release/ubuntu bionic main

• 7-5?apt update

li@li-QiTianM410-N000 ~ $ sudo apt update
Hit:1 http://ppa.launchpad.net/peppermintos/p10-release/ubuntu bionic InRelease
Hit:2 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic InRelease
Get:3 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security InRelease [88.7 kB]
Get:4 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates InRelease [88.7 kB]        
Get:5 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security/main amd64 DEP-11 Metadata [22.7 kB]
Get:6 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-backports InRelease [74.6 kB]
Get:7 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security/main DEP-11 64x64 Icons [31.7 kB]
Get:8 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security/universe amd64 DEP-11 Metadata [42.2 kB]
Get:9 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/main amd64 DEP-11 Metadata [282 kB]
Get:10 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security/universe DEP-11 48x48 Icons [16.4 kB]
Get:11 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security/universe DEP-11 64x64 Icons [116 kB]
Get:12 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security/multiverse amd64 DEP-11 Metadata [2,464 B]
Get:13 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/main DEP-11 48x48 Icons [66.6 kB]
Get:14 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/main DEP-11 64x64 Icons [133 kB]
Get:15 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/universe amd64 DEP-11 Metadata [252 kB]
Get:16 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/universe DEP-11 48x48 Icons [193 kB]
Get:17 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/universe DEP-11 64x64 Icons [436 kB]
Get:18 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/multiverse amd64 DEP-11 Metadata [2,464 B]
Get:19 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-backports/universe amd64 DEP-11 Metadata [7,708 B]
Fetched 1,857 kB in 5s (366 kB/s)                                         
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
283 packages can be upgraded. Run 'apt list --upgradable' to see them.

第8章節(jié)?Linux Mint

??相關信息如下：

li@li-QiTianM410-N000:~$ uname -a
Linux li-QiTianM410-N000 4.15.0-20-generic #21-Ubuntu SMP Tue Apr 24 06:16:15 UTC 2018 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

li@li-QiTianM410-N000:~$ cat /etc/issue
Linux Mint 19.1 Tessa \n \l

li@li-QiTianM410-N000:~$ lsb_release -a
No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID: LinuxMint
Description:    Linux Mint 19.1 Tessa
Release:    19.1
Codename:   tessa

li@li-QiTianM410-N000:~$ echo $DESKTOP_SESSION 
cinnamon

• 8-1?/etc/apt/

li@li-QiTianM410-N000:~$ ls /etc/apt
apt.conf.d  preferences.d  sources.list  sources.list.d  trusted.gpg.d

• 8-2?/etc/apt/sources.list.d

li@li-QiTianM410-N000:~$ ls /etc/apt/sources.list.d
official-package-repositories.list

• 8-3?vi sources.list

      1 #deb cdrom:[Linux Mint 19.1 _Tessa_ - Release amd64 20181217]/ bionic contrib main non-free

• 8-4?vi official-package-repositories.list

      1 # Do not edit this file manually, use Software Sources instead.
      2 
      3 deb http://packages.linuxmint.com tessa main upstream import backport #id:linuxmint_main
      4 
      5 deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic main restricted universe multiverse
      6 deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
      7 deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
      8 
      9 deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
     10 deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu/ bionic partner

• 8-5?apt update

li@li-QiTianM410-N000:~$ apt update
Hit:1 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic InRelease
Hit:2 http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu bionic InRelease          
Ign:3 http://packages.linuxmint.com tessa InRelease                            
Hit:4 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security InRelease              
Hit:5 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates InRelease         
Hit:6 http://packages.linuxmint.com tessa Release                        
Hit:7 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-backports InRelease        
Reading package lists... Done                      
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
522 packages can be upgraded. Run 'apt list --upgradable' to see them.

第9章節(jié)?deepin

??相關信息如下：-->

li@li-PC:~$ uname -a
Linux li-PC 4.15.0-30deepin-generic #31 SMP Fri Nov 30 04:29:02 UTC 2018 x86_64 GNU/Linux

li@li-PC:~$ cat /etc/issue
Deepin GNU/Linux 15.11 \n \l

li@li-PC:~$ lsb_release -a
No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID: Deepin
Description:    Deepin 15.11
Release:    15.11
Codename:   stable

li@li-PC:~$ echo $DESKTOP_SESSION 
deepin

• 9-1?/etc/apt/

li@li-PC:~$ ls /etc/apt
apt.conf.d   preferences.d  sources.list~   trusted.gpg
preferences  sources.list   sources.list.d  trusted.gpg.d

• 9-2?/etc/apt/sources.list.d

li@li-PC:~$ ls /etc/apt/sources.list.d
#none

• 9-3?cat /etc/apt/sources.list

li@li-PC:~$ cat /etc/apt/sources.list 
## Generated by deepin-installer
deb [by-hash=force] http://packages.deepin.com/deepin lion main contrib non-free
#deb-src http://packages.deepin.com/deepin lion main contrib non-free

• 9-5?apt update

li@li-PC:~$ sudo apt update
[sudo] password for li: 
Hit:1 http://packages.deepin.com/deepin lion InRelease
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
6 packages can be upgraded. Run 'apt list --upgradable' to see them.

第10章節(jié)?kali

??相關信息如下：

root@kali:~# uname -a
Linux kali 4.19.0-kali4-amd64 #1 SMP Debian 4.19.28-2kali1 (2019-03-18) x86_64 GNU/Linux

root@kali:~# cat /etc/issue
Kali GNU/Linux Rolling \n \l

root@kali:~# lsb_release -a
No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID: Kali
Description:    Kali GNU/Linux Rolling
Release:    2019.2
Codename:   n/a

root@kali:~# echo $DESKTOP_SESSION 
gnome

• 10-1?ls /etc/apt/

root@kali:~# ls /etc/apt
apt.conf.d   listchanges.conf  sources.list   sources.list.d
auth.conf.d  preferences.d     sources.list~  trusted.gpg.d

• 10-2?ls /etc/apt/sources.list.d

root@kali:~# ls /etc/apt/sources.list.d
#none

• 10-3?cat /etc/apt/sources.list

root@kali:~# cat /etc/apt/sources.list
# 

# deb cdrom:[Debian GNU/Linux 2019.2 _Kali-rolling_ - Official Snapshot amd64 LIVE/INSTALL Binary 20190508-08:43]/ kali-last-snapshot contrib main non-free

#deb cdrom:[Debian GNU/Linux 2019.2 _Kali-rolling_ - Official Snapshot amd64 LIVE/INSTALL Binary 20190508-08:43]/ kali-last-snapshot contrib main non-free

deb http://http.kali.org/kali kali-rolling main non-free contrib
# deb-src http://http.kali.org/kali kali-rolling main non-free contrib

# This system was installed using small removable media
# (e.g. netinst, live or single CD). The matching "deb cdrom"
# entries were disabled at the end of the installation process.
# For information about how to configure apt package sources,
# see the sources.list(5) manual.

• 10-4?apt update

root@kali:~# sudo apt update
Hit:1 http://mirrors.neusoft.edu.cn/kali kali-rolling InRelease
Reading package lists... Done            
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
974 packages can be upgraded. Run 'apt list --upgradable' to see them.