整理linux常用命令及全拼负溪，方便理解學(xué)習(xí)透揣。#
命令縮寫：
ls：list(列出目錄內(nèi)容)
cd：Change Directory（改變目錄）
su:switch user 切換用戶
rpm:redhat package manager 紅帽子打包管理器
pwd:print work directory 打印當(dāng)前目錄 顯示出當(dāng)前工作目錄的絕對路徑
ps: process status(進程狀態(tài)，類似于windows的任務(wù)管理器) 常用參數(shù)：－auxf
ps -auxf 顯示進程狀態(tài) www.2cto.com
df: disk free其功能是顯示磁盤可用空間數(shù)目信息及空間結(jié)點信息川抡。換句話說辐真，就是報告在任何安裝的設(shè)備或目錄中，還剩多少自由的空間崖堤。
rpm： 即RedHat Package Management侍咱，是RedHat的發(fā)明之一
rmdir：Remove Directory（刪除目錄）
rm：Remove（刪除目錄或文件）
cat: concatenate連鎖 cat file1file2>>file3把文件1和文件2的內(nèi)容聯(lián)合起來放到file3中
insmod: install module,載入模塊
ln -s : link -soft 創(chuàng)建一個軟鏈接，相當(dāng)于創(chuàng)建一個快捷方式
mkdir：Make Directory(創(chuàng)建目錄
touch
man: Manual
pwd：Print working directory
su：Swith user
cd：Change directory
ls：List files
ps：Process Status
mkdir：Make directory
rmdir：Remove directory
mkfs: Make file system
fsck：File system check
cat: Concatenate
uname: Unix name
df: Disk free
du: Disk usage
lsmod: List modules
mv: Move file
rm: Remove file
cp: Copy file
ln: Link files
fg: Foreground
bg: Background
chown: Change owner
chgrp: Change group
chmod: Change mode
umount: Unmount
dd: 本來應(yīng)根據(jù)其功能描述“Convert an copy”命名為“cc”密幔，但“cc”已經(jīng)被用以代表“CComplier”楔脯，所以命名為“dd” www.2cto.com
tar：Tape archive
ldd：List dynamic dependencies
insmod：Install module
rmmod：Remove module
lsmod：List module
文件結(jié)尾的"rc"（如.bashrc、.xinitrc等）：Resource configuration
Knnxxx /Snnxxx（位于rcx.d目錄下）：K（Kill）老玛；S(Service)淤年；nn（執(zhí)行順序號）；xxx（服務(wù)標識）
.a（擴展名a）：Archive蜡豹，static library
.so（擴展名so）：Shared object，dynamically linked library
.o（擴展名o）：Object file溉苛，complied result of C/C++ source file
RPM：Red hat package manager
dpkg：Debian package manager
apt：Advanced package tool（Debian或基于Debian的發(fā)行版中提供）
部分Linux命令縮寫 www.2cto.com
bin = BINaries
/dev = DEVices
/etc = ETCetera
/lib = LIBrary
/proc = PROCesses
/sbin = Superuser BINaries
/tmp = TeMPorary
/usr = Unix Shared Resources
/var = VARiable ?
FIFO = First In, First Out
GRUB = GRand Unified Bootloader
IFS = Internal Field Seperators
LILO = LInux LOader
MySQL = My是最初作者女兒的名字镜廉，SQL = Structured QueryLanguage
PHP = Personal Home Page Tools = PHP HypertextPreprocessor
PS = Prompt String www.2cto.com
Perl = "Pratical Extraction and Report Language" ="Pathologically Eclectic Rubbish Lister"
Python 得名于電視劇Monty Python's Flying Circus
Tcl = Tool Command Language
Tk = ToolKit
VT = Video Terminal
YaST = Yet Another Setup Tool
apache = "a patchy" server
apt = Advanced Packaging Tool
ar = archiver
as = assembler
awk = "Aho Weiberger and Kernighan"三個作者的姓的第一個字母
bash = Bourne Again SHell
bc = Basic (Better) Calculator
bg = BackGround
biff = 作者HeidiStettner在U.C.Berkely養(yǎng)的一條狗,喜歡對郵遞員汪汪叫。
cal = CALendar
cat = CATenate
cd = Change Directory
chgrp = CHange GRouP
chmod = CHange MODe
chown = CHange OWNer
chsh = CHange SHell
cmp = compare
cobra = Common Object Request BrokerArchitecture
comm = common
cp = CoPy
cpio = CoPy In and Out
cpp = C Pre Processor
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cron = Chronos 希臘文時間
cups = Common Unix Printing System
cvs = Current Version System
daemon = Disk And Execution MONitor
dc = Desk Calculator
dd = Disk Dump
df = Disk Free
diff = DIFFerence
dmesg = diagnostic message
du = Disk Usage
ed = editor
egrep = Extended GREP
elf = Extensible Linking Format
elm = ELectronic Mail
emacs = Editor MACroS
eval = EVALuate
ex = EXtended
exec = EXECute
fd = file descriptors
fg = ForeGround
fgrep = Fixed GREP
fmt = format
fsck = File System ChecK
fstab = FileSystem TABle
fvwm = F*** Virtual Window Manager
gawk = GNU AWK
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gpg = GNU Privacy Guard
groff = GNU troff
hal = Hardware Abstraction Layer
joe = Joe's Own Editor
ksh = Korn SHell
lame = Lame Ain't an MP3 Encoder
lex = LEXical analyser
lisp = LISt Processing = Lots of IrritatingSuperfluous Parentheses
ln = LiNk
lpr = Line PRint
ls = list
lsof = LiSt Open Files
m4 = Macro processor Version 4
man = MANual pages
mawk = Mike Brennan's AWK
mc = Midnight Commander
mkfs = MaKe FileSystem
mknod = MaKe NODe
motd = Message of The Day
mozilla = MOsaic GodZILLa
mtab = Mount TABle
mv = MoVe
nano = Nano's ANOther editor
nawk = New AWK
nl = Number of Lines
nm = names
nohup = No HangUP
nroff = New ROFF
od = Octal Dump
passwd = PASSWorD
pg = pager
pico = PIne's message COmposition editor
pine = "Program for Internet News &Email" = "Pine is not Elm"
ping = 擬聲 又 = Packet InterNet Grouper
pirntcap = PRINTer CAPability
popd = POP Directory
pr = pre
printf = PRINT Formatted
ps = Processes Status
pty = pseudo tty
pushd = PUSH Directory
pwd = Print Working Directory
rc = runcom = run command, rc還是plan9的shell
rev = REVerse
rm = ReMove
rn = Read News
roff = RunOFF
rpm = RPM Package Manager = RedHat PackageManager
rsh, rlogin, rvim中的r = Remote
rxvt = ouR XVT
seamoneky = 我
sed = Stream EDitor
seq = SEQuence
shar = SHell ARchive
slrn = S-Lang rn
ssh = Secure SHell
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ssl = Secure Sockets Layer
stty = Set TTY
su = Substitute User
svn = SubVersioN
tar = Tape ARchive
tcsh = TENEX C shell
tee = T (T形水管接口)
telnet = TEminaL over Network
termcap = terminal capability
terminfo = terminal information
tex = τ?χνη的縮寫愚战，希臘文art
tr = traslate
troff = Typesetter new ROFF
tsort = Topological SORT
tty = TeleTypewriter
twm = Tom's Window Manager
tz = TimeZone
udev = Userspace DEV
ulimit = User's LIMIT
umask = User's MASK
uniq = UNIQue
vi = VIsual = Very Inconvenient
vim = Vi IMproved
wall = write all
wc = Word Count www.2cto.com
wine = WINE Is Not an Emulator
xargs = eXtended ARGuments
xdm = X Display Manager
xlfd = X Logical Font Description
xmms = X Multimedia System
xrdb = X Resources DataBase
xwd = X Window Dump
yacc = yet another compiler compiler
Fish = the Friendly Interactive SHell
su = Switch User
MIME = Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions
ECMA = European Computer ManufacturersAssociation
