GPT簡單描述矾睦、分區(qū)局装、腳本抢埋、lvm練習(xí)

1、描述GPT是什么红且，應(yīng)該怎么使用坝茎。

GUID磁盤分區(qū)表（GUID Partition Table，縮寫：GPT）其含義為“全局唯一標(biāo)識磁盤分區(qū)表”暇番，是一個實體硬盤的分區(qū)表的結(jié)構(gòu)布局的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)嗤放。

parted命令

     [root@localhost ~]#  parted
      GNU Parted 3.1
      Using /dev/sda
      Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
      (parted) help                                                             
      align-check TYPE N                        check partition N for TYPE(min|opt) alignment
      help [COMMAND]                           print general help, or help on COMMAND
      mklabel,mktable LABEL-TYPE               設(shè)定使用的分區(qū)類型, 如果要用MBR分區(qū)，輸入msdos即可
      mkpart PART-TYPE [FS-TYPE] START END     添加一個分區(qū)
      name NUMBER NAME                         name partition NUMBER as NAME
      print [devices|free|list,all|NUMBER]     display the partition table, available devices, free
            space, all found partitions, or a particular partition
      quit                                     exit program
      rescue START END                         rescue a lost partition near START and END
      resizepart NUMBER END                    resize partition NUMBER
      rm NUMBER                                delete partition NUMBER
      select DEVICE                            選擇你要操作的設(shè)備
      disk_set FLAG STATE                      change the FLAG on selected device
      disk_toggle [FLAG]                       toggle the state of FLAG on selected device
      set NUMBER FLAG STATE                    change the FLAG on partition NUMBER
      toggle [NUMBER [FLAG]]                   toggle the state of FLAG on partition NUMBER
      unit UNIT                                set the default unit to UNIT
      version                                  display the version number and copyright information of
            GNU Parted
    (parted)

[root@localhost ~]# parted /dev/sdb
GNU Parted 3.1
Using /dev/sdb
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted) mktable gpt
(parted) print                                                            
Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt 
(parted) mkpart        
Partition name?  []? part1                                                
File system type?  [ext2]? ext4                                           
Start? 0                                                                  
End? 25%                                                                  
Warning: The resulting partition is not properly aligned for best performance.
Ignore/Cancel? I
(parted) print                                                            
Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags: 

Number  Start   End     Size    File system  Name   Flags
 1      17.4kB  5369MB  5369MB               part1

(parted) unit GB                                                          
(parted) print                                                          
Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags: 

Number  Start   End     Size    File system  Name   Flags
 1      0.00GB  5.37GB  5.37GB               part1

(parted)

2壁酬、創(chuàng)建一個10G的分區(qū)次酌，并格式化為ext4文件系統(tǒng)。要求：

(1)block大小為2048舆乔，預(yù)留空間20%岳服，卷標(biāo)為MYDATA。
(2)掛載至/mydata目錄希俩，要求掛載時禁止程序自動運(yùn)行吊宋，且不更新文件的訪問時間戳。
(3)可開機(jī)自動掛載颜武。

[root@localhost ~]# mke2fs -t ext4 -b 2048 -m 20 -L MYDATA /dev/sda3
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem label=MYDATA
OS type: Linux
Block size=2048 (log=1)
Fragment size=2048 (log=1)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
655360 inodes, 5242880 blocks
1048576 blocks (20.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=273678336
320 block groups
16384 blocks per group, 16384 fragments per group
2048 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks: 
    16384, 49152, 81920, 114688, 147456, 409600, 442368, 802816, 1327104, 
    2048000, 3981312

Allocating group tables: done                            
Writing inode tables: done                            
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done   

[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/partitions 
major minor  #blocks  name

   8        0  125829120 sda
   8        1     524288 sda1
   8        2  106961920 sda2
   8        3   10485760 sda3
   8        4          1 sda4
   8        5     524288 sda5
   8        6     131072 sda6
   8       16   20971520 sdb
  11        0    4481024 sr0
 253        0   52428800 dm-0
 253        1    2097152 dm-1
 253        2   52428800 dm-2


[root@localhost ~]#  mount -o noexec,noatime /dev/sda3 /mydata/

/dev/sda3 /mydata ext4 rw,seclabel,noexec,noatime,data=ordered 0 0

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/fstab

/dev/sda3 /mydata                               ext4    defaults        0 0

3璃搜、創(chuàng)建一個大小為1G的swap分區(qū)，并啟用鳞上。

[root@localhost ~]# mkswap /dev/sdb1
Setting up swapspace version 1, size = 1048572 KiB
no label, UUID=386dac56-52ae-4fb9-87b8-a2598204fcca
[root@localhost ~]# free -m
              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:            972         104         673           7         194         682
Swap:          2047           0        2047
[root@localhost ~]# swapon /dev/sdb1
[root@localhost ~]# free -m
              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:            972         105         672           7         194         681
Swap:          3071           0        3071

4这吻、編寫腳本計算/etc/passwd文件中第10個用戶和第20個用戶的id號之和。

#!/bin/bash
#
id1=$(head -10 /etc/passwd | tail -1 | cut -d: -f3)
id2=$(head -20 /etc/passwd | tail -1 | cut -d: -f3)
sum=$[$id1+$id2]
echo $sum

5因块、將當(dāng)前主機(jī)名保存至hostName變量中，主機(jī)名如果為空籍铁，或者為localhost.localdomain則將設(shè)置為www.magedu.com

#!/bin/bash
hostName=$(hostname)
[ -z "$hostName " -o "$hostName" == "localhost.localdomain" -o "$hostName"=="localhost" ] && hostname www.magedu.com

6涡上、編寫腳本，通過命令行參數(shù)傳入一個用戶名拒名，判斷id好是偶數(shù)還是奇數(shù)吩愧。

#!/bin/bash
#
read -p "Input username: " username

user_id=$(grep "^$username\>" /etc/passwd | cut -d: -f3)
#echo $1, $user_id
let user_id%=2
#echo $user_id

if [ $user_id -eq 0 ]; then
    echo "oushu"
else
    echo "jishu"
fi

7、lvm基本引用以及擴(kuò)展縮減實現(xiàn)增显。

pv管理工具：
pvs: 簡要pv信息顯示
pvdisplay: 顯示pv的詳細(xì)信息

pvcreate /dev/DEVICE: 創(chuàng)建pv

vg管理工具：
vgs
vgdisplay

vgcreate [ -s #[bBsSkKmMgGtTpPeE]] VolumeGroupName PhysicalDevicePath [ PhysicalDevicePath... ]
vdextend VolumeGroupName PhysicalDevicePath [ PhysicalDevicePath... ]
vgreduce VolumeGroupName PhysicalDevicePath [ PhysicalDevicePath... ]
先做pvremove

vgremove

lv管理工具：
lvs
lvdisplay

lvcreate -L #[mMgGtT] -n NAME VolumeGroup

lvremove /dev/VG_NAME/LV_NAME

擴(kuò)展邏輯卷：
# lvextend -L [+]#[mMgGtT] /dev/VG_NAME_LVNAME
# resize2fs /dev/VG_NAME/LV_NAME

縮減邏輯卷：
# umount /dev/VG_NAME/LV_NAME
# e2fsck -f /dev/VG_NAME/LV_NAME
# resuze2fs /dev/VG_NAME/LV_NAME #[mMgGtT]
# lvreduce -L [-]#[mMgGtT] /dev/VG_NAME/LV_NAME
# mount

快照：snapshot
lvcreate -L #[mMgGtT] -p r -s -n snapshot_lv_name original_lv_name

GPT簡單描述、分區(qū)胶背、腳本巷嚣、lvm練習(xí)

GPT簡單描述、分區(qū)钳吟、腳本廷粒、lvm練習(xí)