以太坊常用命令總結(jié)

geth 指令及智能合約操作見：http://www.reibang.com/p/9fa31e4cdf4d

一、怎么使用命令

終端命令啟動以太坊私鏈：
#./geth --datadir "./chain" --nodiscover console 2>>eth_output.log //輸出日志到文件
//ethere js console 中的命令
> eth.coinbase
> miner.setEtherbase(eth.coinbase)
> eth.blockNumber
> miner.start(1) //啟動挖礦

啟動以太坊節(jié)點全命令：

geth --identity "TestNode" --rpc --rpcport "8545" --datadir data0 --port "30303" --nodiscover console

各選項含義如下：
–identity：指定節(jié)點 ID；
–rpc：表示開啟 HTTP-RPC 服務(wù)怨愤；
–rpcport：指定 HTTP-RPC 服務(wù)監(jiān)聽端口號（默認(rèn)為 8545）若河；
–datadir：指定區(qū)塊鏈數(shù)據(jù)的存儲位置催烘；
–port：指定和其他節(jié)點連接所用的端口號（默認(rèn)為 30303）辅髓；
–nodiscover：關(guān)閉節(jié)點發(fā)現(xiàn)機制，防止加入有同樣初始配置的陌生節(jié)點更卒。

如下命令注意使用方法：
進(jìn)入到可執(zhí)行文件geth的所在目錄才去執(zhí)行命令等孵，或者環(huán)境變量（我目前還不熟悉，暫時使用目錄的情況）
例如：

./geth --rpcport 8545   //設(shè)定rpc端口

常用的命令對象：

eth：包含一些跟操作區(qū)塊鏈相關(guān)的方法蹂空；
net：包含一些查看p2p網(wǎng)絡(luò)狀態(tài)的方法俯萌；
admin：包含一些與管理節(jié)點相關(guān)的方法；
miner：包含啟動&停止挖礦的一些方法上枕；
personal：主要包含一些管理賬戶的方法咐熙；
txpool：包含一些查看交易內(nèi)存池的方法；
web3：包含了以上對象辨萍，還包含一些單位換算的方法棋恼。

常用命令有（以太坊控制臺下使用，支持 Tab 鍵自動補全）：

personal.newAccount()：創(chuàng)建賬戶锈玉；
personal.unlockAccount()：解鎖賬戶爪飘；
eth.accounts：枚舉系統(tǒng)中的賬戶；
eth.getBalance()：查看賬戶余額拉背，返回值的單位是 Wei（Wei 是以太坊中最小貨幣面額單位师崎，類似比特幣中的聰，1 ether = 10^18 Wei）去团；
eth.blockNumber：列出區(qū)塊總數(shù)抡诞；
eth.getTransaction()：獲取交易；
eth.getBlock()：獲取區(qū)塊土陪；
miner.start()：開始挖礦；
miner.stop()：停止挖礦肴熏；
web3.fromWei()：Wei 換算成以太幣鬼雀；
web3.toWei()：以太幣換算成 Wei；
txpool.status：交易池中的狀態(tài)蛙吏；
admin.addPeer()：連接到其他節(jié)點源哩；

二、以太坊常用命令

NAME:
   geth - go-ethereum命令行接口

USAGE:
   geth [options] command [command options] [arguments...]
   例如：啟動以太坊

VERSION:
   1.4.11-stable

COMMANDS:
   import   引入一個區(qū)塊鏈文件
   export   導(dǎo)出區(qū)塊鏈到文件
   upgradedb    更新區(qū)塊鏈數(shù)據(jù)庫
   removedb 移除區(qū)塊鏈和正式數(shù)據(jù)庫
   dump     dump a specific block from storage
   monitor  Geth Monitor: node metrics monitoring and visualization
   account  管理賬戶
   wallet   ethereum presale wallet
   console  Geth控制臺: JavaScript交互環(huán)境
   attach   Geth控制臺: JavaScript交互環(huán)境(連接node)
   js       在Geth JavaScript VM執(zhí)行JavaScript文件
   makedag  generate ethash dag (for testing)
   gpuinfo  gpuinfo
   gpubench benchmark GPU
   version  打印ethereum版本號
   init     引導(dǎo)初始化一個創(chuàng)世塊(JSON)
   help, h  顯示命令列表或一個命令的幫助

ETHEREUM OPTIONS:
  --datadir "/home/karalabe/.ethereum"  數(shù)據(jù)庫和keystore的文件目錄
  --keystore        keystore的文件目錄 (default = inside the datadir)
  --networkid value         Network identifier (integer, 0=Olympic, 1=Frontier, 2=Morden) (default: 1)
  --olympic             Olympic network: pre-configured pre-release test network
  --testnet             Morden network: pre-configured test network with modified starting nonces (replay protection)
  --dev                 Developer mode: pre-configured private network with several debugging flags
  --identity value          Custom node name
  --fast                Enable fast syncing through state downloads
  --lightkdf                Reduce key-derivation RAM & CPU usage at some expense of KDF strength
  --cache value             Megabytes of memory allocated to internal caching (min 16MB / database forced) (default: 128)
  --blockchainversion value     Blockchain version (integer) (default: 3)

賬戶選項:
  --unlock value    通過逗號分隔一個列表賬戶來進(jìn)行解鎖
  --password value  Password file to use for non-inteactive password input

API AND CONSOLE OPTIONS:
  --rpc             支持HTTP-RPC服務(wù)
  --rpcaddr value   HTTP-RPC服務(wù)監(jiān)聽地址(默認(rèn): "localhost")
  --rpcport value   HTTP-RPC服務(wù)監(jiān)聽端口(默認(rèn): 8545)
  --rpcapi value    HTTP-RPC提供的API支持(默認(rèn): "eth,net,web3")
  --ws          Enable the WS-RPC server
  --wsaddr value    WS-RPC server listening interface (default: "localhost")
  --wsport value    WS-RPC server listening port (default: 8546)
  --wsapi value     API's offered over the WS-RPC interface (default: "eth,net,web3")
  --wsorigins value Origins from which to accept websockets requests
  --ipcdisable      Disable the IPC-RPC server
  --ipcapi value    API's offered over the IPC-RPC interface (default: "admin,debug,eth,miner,net,personal,shh,txpool,web3")
  --ipcpath "geth.ipc"  Filename for IPC socket/pipe within the datadir (explicit paths escape it)
  --rpccorsdomain value Comma separated list of domains from which to accept cross origin requests (browser enforced)
  --jspath loadScript   JavaScript root path for loadScript and document root for `admin.httpGet` (default: ".")
  --exec value      Execute JavaScript statement (only in combination with console/attach)
  --preload value   Comma separated list of JavaScript files to preload into the console

NETWORKING OPTIONS:
  --bootnodes value Comma separated enode URLs for P2P discovery bootstrap
  --port value      Network listening port (default: 30303)
  --maxpeers value  Maximum number of network peers (network disabled if set to 0) (default: 25)
  --maxpendpeers value  Maximum number of pending connection attempts (defaults used if set to 0) (default: 0)
  --nat value       NAT port mapping mechanism (any|none|upnp|pmp|extip:<IP>) (default: "any")
  --nodiscover      Disables the peer discovery mechanism (manual peer addition)
  --nodekey value   P2P node key file
  --nodekeyhex value    P2P node key as hex (for testing)

MINER OPTIONS:
  --mine            Enable mining
  --minerthreads value      Number of CPU threads to use for mining (default: 8)
  --minergpus value     List of GPUs to use for mining (e.g. '0,1' will use the first two GPUs found)
  --autodag         Enable automatic DAG pregeneration
  --etherbase value     Public address for block mining rewards (default = first account created) (default: "0")
  --targetgaslimit value    Target gas limit sets the artificial target gas floor for the blocks to mine (default: "4712388")
  --gasprice value      Minimal gas price to accept for mining a transactions (default: "20000000000")
  --extradata value     Block extra data set by the miner (default = client version)

GAS PRICE ORACLE OPTIONS:
  --gpomin value    Minimum suggested gas price (default: "20000000000")
  --gpomax value    Maximum suggested gas price (default: "500000000000")
  --gpofull value   Full block threshold for gas price calculation (%) (default: 80)
  --gpobasedown value   Suggested gas price base step down ratio (1/1000) (default: 10)
  --gpobaseup value Suggested gas price base step up ratio (1/1000) (default: 100)
  --gpobasecf value Suggested gas price base correction factor (%) (default: 110)

VIRTUAL MACHINE OPTIONS:
  --jitvm       Enable the JIT VM
  --forcejit        Force the JIT VM to take precedence
  --jitcache value  Amount of cached JIT VM programs (default: 64)

LOGGING AND DEBUGGING OPTIONS:
  --metrics         Enable metrics collection and reporting
  --fakepow         Disables proof-of-work verification
  --verbosity value     Logging verbosity: 0=silent, 1=error, 2=warn, 3=info, 4=core, 5=debug, 6=detail (default: 3)
  --vmodule value       Per-module verbosity: comma-separated list of <pattern>=<level> (e.g. eth/*=6,p2p=5)
  --backtrace value     Request a stack trace at a specific logging statement (e.g. "block.go:271") (default: :0)
  --pprof           Enable the pprof HTTP server
  --pprofport value     pprof HTTP server listening port (default: 6060)
  --memprofilerate value    Turn on memory profiling with the given rate (default: 524288)
  --blockprofilerate value  Turn on block profiling with the given rate (default: 0)
  --cpuprofile value        Write CPU profile to the given file
  --trace value         Write execution trace to the given file

EXPERIMENTAL OPTIONS:
  --shh     Enable Whisper
  --natspec Enable NatSpec confirmation notice

MISCELLANEOUS OPTIONS:
  --solc value      Solidity compiler command to be used (default: "solc")
  --support-dao-fork    Updates the chain rules to support the DAO hard-fork
  --oppose-dao-fork Updates the chain rules to oppose the DAO hard-fork
  --help, -h        顯示幫助