問(wèn)題描述

在代碼中利用Jpa自定義了update語(yǔ)句，比如下面的addAge方法：

@Repository
public interface StudentRepository extends JpaRepository<Student, Integer> {

    @Query(value = "update tb_student set age = age + 1 where 1 = 1 ", nativeQuery = true)
    @Modifying
    void addAge();

}

執(zhí)行此方法時(shí)吴裤，會(huì)報(bào)如下錯(cuò)誤：

javax.persistence.TransactionRequiredException: Executing an update/delete query
    at org.hibernate.internal.AbstractSharedSessionContract.checkTransactionNeededForUpdateOperation(AbstractSharedSessionContract.java:398) ~[hibernate-core-5.3.11.Final.jar:5.3.11.Final]
    at org.hibernate.query.internal.AbstractProducedQuery.executeUpdate(AbstractProducedQuery.java:1581) ~[hibernate-core-5.3.11.Final.jar:5.3.11.Final]
    at org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.query.JpaQueryExecution$ModifyingExecution.doExecute(JpaQueryExecution.java:263) ~[spring-data-jpa-2.1.10.RELEASE.jar:2.1.10.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.query.JpaQueryExecution.execute(JpaQueryExecution.java:91) ~[spring-data-jpa-2.1.10.RELEASE.jar:2.1.10.RELEASE]

拋出javax.persistence.TransactionRequiredException: Executing an update/delete query 異常

原因分析

我們根據(jù)異常中的這句話

at org.hibernate.query.internal.AbstractProducedQuery.executeUpdate(AbstractProducedQuery.java:1581)

找到了AbstractProducedQuery中的executeUpdate方法：

    public int executeUpdate() throws HibernateException {
        getProducer().checkTransactionNeededForUpdateOperation( "Executing an update/delete query" );

        beforeQuery();
        try {
            return doExecuteUpdate();
        }
        catch ( QueryExecutionRequestException e) {
            throw new IllegalStateException( e );
        }
        catch( TypeMismatchException e ) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException( e );
        }
        catch ( HibernateException e) {
            throw getExceptionConverter().convert( e );
        }
        finally {
            afterQuery();
        }
    }

進(jìn)入第一句話的checkTransactionNeededForUpdateOperation方法：

default void checkTransactionNeededForUpdateOperation(String exceptionMessage) {
    if ( !isTransactionInProgress() ) {
        throw new TransactionRequiredException( exceptionMessage );
    }
}

可以看到枢析，在執(zhí)行update語(yǔ)句前朝刊，JPA會(huì)判斷當(dāng)前語(yǔ)句是不是處于一個(gè)事務(wù)中墨微，若不在事務(wù)中，則會(huì)拋出TransactionRequiredException異常恤溶。

問(wèn)題解決

根據(jù)以上分析，要解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題很簡(jiǎn)單帜羊，讓代碼運(yùn)行在事務(wù)中即可咒程。在要執(zhí)行的addAge方法上面加上@Transactional注解，問(wèn)題解決讼育。

@Query(value = "update tb_student set age = age + 1 where 1 = 1 ", nativeQuery = true)
@Modifying
@Transactional
void addAge();