. 快速排序
首先要打亂序列順序 ,以防算法陷入最壞時(shí)間復(fù)雜度嗅战⊥铮快速排序使用“分而治之”的方法。
對于一串序列驮捍,首先從中選取一個(gè)數(shù)疟呐,凡是小于這個(gè)數(shù)的值就被放在左邊一摞,凡是大于這個(gè)數(shù)的值就被放在右邊一摞东且。然后启具,繼續(xù)對左右兩摞進(jìn)行快速排序。
直到進(jìn)行快速排序的序列長度小于 2 (即序列中只有一個(gè)值或者空值)珊泳。
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quicksort
import random
def quicksort(seq):
if len(seq) < 2:
return seq
else:
base = seq[0]
left = [elem for elem in seq[1:] if elem < base]
right = [elem for elem in seq[1:] if elem > base]
return quicksort(left) + [base] + quicksort(right)
seq = [9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3]
random.shuffle(seq)
seq:[6, 4, 9, 3, 8, 5, 7]
print(quicksort(seq))
輸出:[3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
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2. 冒泡排序
冒泡排序(順序形式)鲁冯,從左向右,兩兩比較色查,如果左邊元素大于右邊薯演,就交換兩個(gè)元素的位置。
其中秧了,每一輪排序跨扮,序列中最大的元素浮動到最右面。也就是說,每一輪排序好港,至少確保有一個(gè)元素在正確的位置愉镰。
這樣接下來的循環(huán)米罚,就不需要考慮已經(jīng)排好序的元素了钧汹,每次內(nèi)層循環(huán)次數(shù)都會減一。
其中录择,如果有一輪循環(huán)之后拔莱,次序并沒有交換,這時(shí)我們就可以停止循環(huán)隘竭,得到我們想要的有序序列了塘秦。
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def bouble_sort(sequence):
seq = sequence[:]
length = len(seq) - 1
i = j = 0
flag = 1
while i < length:
j = 0
while j < length - i:
if seq[j] > seq[j + 1]:
seq[j], seq[j + 1] = seq[j + 1], seq[j]
flag = 0
j += 1
if flag:
break
i += 1
return seq
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3. 選擇排序
選擇排序,每次選擇當(dāng)前序列的最小值动看,將其與當(dāng)前序列的第一個(gè)元素交換位置尊剔,每迭代一次,當(dāng)前序列長度減一菱皆。迭代結(jié)束须误,即可得到有序序列。
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def find_minimal_index(seq):
min_elem = seq[0]
count = 0
min_elem_index = count
for elem in seq[1:]:
count += 1
if elem < min_elem:
elem, min_elem = min_elem, elem
min_elem_index = count
return min_elem_index
def select_sort(sequence):
# 選擇排序
seq = sequence[:]
length = len(seq)
for i in range(length):
index = find_minimal_index(seq[i:])
seq[index + i], seq[i] = seq[i], seq[index + i]
return seq
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