Level3.Unit3 PART4

Listening: Leonardo da Vinci 1

Leonardo da Vinci is one of the greatest geniuses 天才 of all time.

He was a painter, an architect建筑師, an engineer and a scientist.

He was born in Vinci, Italy in 1452.

Vinci is a town just outside of the great Italian city, Florence.

His name, da Vinci, means "of Vinci".

Leonardo’s father was a lawyer and landowner地主, and his mother was a peasant.農(nóng)民

Leonardo’s parents were never married to each other.

Leonardo lived with his mother until he was around 5 years old.

When he was 5, he moved into the home of his father.

By then his father had married a 16-year-old girl.

Leonardo’s mother married another man and moved to another town.

She had many more children after that, with several different men.

In the end, Leonardo had more than 15 half-sisters and brothers.

As a young man, Da Vinci didn’t go to school.

He was educated at home in reading, writing and mathematics.數(shù)學

In other subjects, he was mostly self-educated.

He had access to books at his father’s home. 他可以在他父親的家里看書。

Leonardo spent a lot of time outdoors and developed a strong interest in nature.

He loved to observe things, especially birds.

他喜歡觀察事物慨代，尤其是鳥理张。

He was also interested in the properties性質(zhì) of water.

Listening: Leonardo da Vinci 2

Leonardo’s early drawings and paintings demonstrated表現(xiàn)出 a rare talent. 列奧納多早期的繪畫和繪畫表現(xiàn)出一種罕見的天賦。

His father and his father’s friends recognized his talent and encouraged him.

When he was 15, he was sent to Florence.

In Florence, he became an apprentice to a famous master painter.

For the next few years, Leonardo worked at his master’s workshop.

It wasn’t long before his ability surpassed 超過that of his master.

Some people say that his master became jealous of Leonardo’s great talent.

They say that the master vowed to never paint again. 他們說大師發(fā)誓再也不畫畫了作儿。

In 1478, with his father’s help, Leonardo set up his own workshop.

In 1482, he entered the service of powerful man in the city of Milan.

This man was the Duke爵士 of Milan.

For the next few years, Leonardo designed buildings, machineries and weapons of war. 在接下來的幾年里，列奧納多設(shè)計了建筑、機械和戰(zhàn)爭武器梦谜。

Weapons were important, because Italy was constantly at war during this period.

From 1485 to 1490, Leonardo produced designs for a variety of weapons.

In his notes, he predicted the development of advanced weapons such as submarines and flying machines.

In 1499, the French invaded Italy and Leonardo left Milan.

Altogether, Leonardo spent 17 years in Milan.

During this period, he spent much of his time studying nature.

He dissected bodies, both human and animal , to study and illustrate anatomy. 解剖學

His detailed illustrations are masterpieces. 他的詳細插圖是杰作督怜。

Leonardo filled many notebooks with drawings and ideas.

He wrote backwards so you need a mirror to read them.

After 1500, Leonardo spent time in a number of Italian cities.

He worked very slowly and the range of his interests was very wide.

As a result, Leonardo left many paintings and projects unfinished.

One painting that he did finish, was the Mona Lisa, one of world’s most famous paintings.

People are still interested in this painting 500 years after he painted it.

Thought there are many theories, nobody knows who the woman in the painting really was.

In 1516, Leonardo left Italy for good when the French King, Francis the first, offered him a position.

There, he had the freedom to paint and draw whatever he wanted.

Leonardo died in 1519 at the age of 67.

Some say that the French King, who had become a close friend, was with him when he died.

He was buried in the church which was destroyed during the French revolution.

The exact location of his remains is unknown.

Vocabulary: Sources of Pollution

Waste water and carbon gases from farm animals are bad for the environment.

來自農(nóng)場動物的廢水和碳氣體對環(huán)境有害殴瘦。

Animal wastes and other chemicals flow into the ground and pollute water supplies.

動物糞便和其他化學物質(zhì)流入地下，污染水源号杠。

Exhausted gases from automobiles are a major cause of air pollution and global warming.

汽車尾氣是造成大氣污染和全球變暖的主要原因蚪腋。

As a result, many companies are trying to produce more efficient and cleaner cars.

因此，許多公司都在努力生產(chǎn)更高效姨蟋、更清潔的汽車屉凯。

Pesticides and fertilizers are used by farmers to grow crops such as fruits and vegetables.

農(nóng)民用殺蟲劑和化肥種植水果和蔬菜等作物。

These chemicals pollute water supplies when they flow into the ground or rivers.

這些化學物質(zhì)流入地下或河流時會污染水源眼溶。

Factories like this one, allow harmful chemicals to get into the air or water.

像這樣的工廠悠砚，允許有害化學物質(zhì)進入空氣或水中。

Companies need to try harder to protect the environment and our health.

公司需要更加努力地保護環(huán)境和我們的健康堂飞。

Nuclear waste products are radioactive and can pollute the environment for thousands of years.

核廢料具有放射性灌旧，能污染環(huán)境數(shù)千年。

They need to be safely transported and stored in a safe place.

它們需要安全運輸并存放在安全的地方酝静。

Vocabulary: Historical Figures歷史人物

The British writer, Jane Austen, was born in England in 1775, one of seven children.

She wrote some of the most popular love stories of all time.

One of the most famous female rulers in history, Cleopatra had affairs with Julius Caesar and later with Mark Antony.

She was known for her great beauty and charming voice.

Born in 1756, Mozart composed and performed some of the world’s greatest classical music.

He was the youngest of seven children, and by the age of 5, he was already composing music.

The sun of a king, Alexander the Great was a military leader who created one of the largest empires in the ancient world.

As a youth, Alexander was taught by the Greek philosophy, Aristotle.

Mahatma Gandhi was a 20th century leader who used nonviolence resistance to lead India to independence.

Gandhi dedicated his life to the pursuit of truth. 甘地一生致力于追求真理节榜。

Dialogue: An urgent call

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Dialogue: Settling the bill結(jié)賬

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