Springboot快速入門
簡(jiǎn)介
在您第1次接觸和學(xué)習(xí)Spring框架的時(shí)候，是否因?yàn)槠浞彪s的配置而退卻了迂求？在你第n次使用Spring框架的時(shí)候，是否覺得一堆反復(fù)黏貼的配置有一些厭煩？那么您就不妨來(lái)試試使用Spring Boot來(lái)讓你更易上手界逛，更簡(jiǎn)單快捷地構(gòu)建Spring應(yīng)用李请！
Spring Boot讓我們的Spring應(yīng)用變的更輕量化瞧筛。比如：你可以僅僅依靠一個(gè)Java類來(lái)運(yùn)行一個(gè)Spring引用。你也可以打包你的應(yīng)用為jar并通過使用java -jar來(lái)運(yùn)行你的Spring Web應(yīng)用导盅。
Spring Boot的主要優(yōu)點(diǎn)：
- 為所有Spring開發(fā)者更快的入門
- 開箱機(jī)用较幌，提供各種默認(rèn)配置來(lái)簡(jiǎn)化項(xiàng)目配置
- 內(nèi)嵌式容器，簡(jiǎn)化web項(xiàng)目
- 沒有冗余代碼生成和XML配置的要求
快速入門
本章主要目標(biāo)完成Spring Boot基礎(chǔ)項(xiàng)目的構(gòu)建白翻，并且實(shí)現(xiàn)一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的Http請(qǐng)求處理乍炉，通過這個(gè)例子對(duì)Spring Boot有一個(gè)初步的了解绢片，并體驗(yàn)其結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單、開發(fā)快速的特性岛琼。
系統(tǒng)要求
Java 7及以上
Spring Framework 4.1.5及以上
本文采用Java 1.8.0_73底循、Spring Boot 1.5.8調(diào)試通過。
使用Maven構(gòu)建項(xiàng)目
- 1.通過SPRING INITIALIZR工具產(chǎn)生基礎(chǔ)項(xiàng)目
- 1.訪問：http://start.spring.io/
- 2.選擇構(gòu)建工具M(jìn)aven Project槐瑞、Spring Boot版本1.3.2以及一些工程基本信息熙涤，可參考下圖所示SPRING INITIALIZR
SPRING INITIALIZR - 3.點(diǎn)擊Generate Project下載項(xiàng)目壓縮包
- 2.解壓項(xiàng)目包，并用IDE以Maven項(xiàng)目導(dǎo)入困檩，以IntelliJ IDEA 14為例：
- 1.菜單中選擇File–>New–>Project from Existing Sources...
- 2.選擇解壓后的項(xiàng)目文件夾祠挫，點(diǎn)擊OK
- 3.點(diǎn)擊Import project from external model并選擇Maven，點(diǎn)擊Next到底為止窗看。
- 4.若你的環(huán)境有多個(gè)版本的JDK茸歧，注意到選擇Java SDK的時(shí)候請(qǐng)選擇Java 7以上的版本
項(xiàng)目結(jié)構(gòu)解析
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通過上面步驟完成了基礎(chǔ)項(xiàng)目的創(chuàng)建，如上圖所示显沈，SpringBoot的基礎(chǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)共三個(gè)文件（具體路徑根據(jù)用戶生成項(xiàng)目時(shí)填寫的Group所有差異）：
- src/main/java下的程序入口：SpringbootdemoApplication
- src/main/resources下的配置文件：application.properties
- src/test/下的測(cè)試入口：SpringbootdemoApplicationTests
生成的SpringbootdemoApplication和SpringbootdemoApplicationTests類都可以直接運(yùn)行來(lái)啟動(dòng)當(dāng)前創(chuàng)建的項(xiàng)目软瞎，由于目前該項(xiàng)目未配合任何數(shù)據(jù)訪問或Web模塊，程序會(huì)在加載完Spring之后結(jié)束運(yùn)行拉讯。
引入Web模塊
當(dāng)前的pom.xml內(nèi)容如下涤浇，僅引入了兩個(gè)模塊：
- spring-boot-starter：核心模塊，包括自動(dòng)配置支持魔慷、日志和YAML
- spring-boot-starter-test：測(cè)試模塊只锭，包括JUnit、Hamcrest院尔、Mockito
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
引入Web模塊Web模塊蜻展，需添加spring-boot-starter-web模塊：
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
編寫Hello服務(wù)
- 創(chuàng)建HelloController類，內(nèi)容如下：
@RestController
public class HelloController {
@RequestMapping("/hello")
public String test(){
return "hello springboot";
}
}
- 啟動(dòng)主程序邀摆，輸入部分日志如下：
. ____ _ __ _ _
/\\ / ___'_ __ _ _(_)_ __ __ _ \ \ \ \
( ( )\___ | '_ | '_| | '_ \/ _` | \ \ \ \
\\/ ___)| |_)| | | | | || (_| | ) ) ) )
' |____| .__|_| |_|_| |_\__, | / / / /
=========|_|==============|___/=/_/_/_/
:: Spring Boot :: (v1.5.8.RELEASE)
2017-11-10 14:41:25.956 INFO 5186 --- [ main] c.z.s.d.s.SpringbootdemoApplication : Starting SpringbootdemoApplication on zzydeMBP with PID 5186 (/Users/zzy/Documents/zzy/Idea_workspace/springboot_learn/springbootdemo/target/classes started by zzy in /Users/zzy/Documents/zzy/Idea_workspace/springboot_learn/springbootdemo1)
2017-11-10 14:41:25.961 INFO 5186 --- [ main] c.z.s.d.s.SpringbootdemoApplication : No active profile set, falling back to default profiles: default
2017-11-10 14:41:26.028 INFO 5186 --- [ main] ationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext : Refreshing org.springframework.boot.context.embedded.AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext@7ff2a664: startup date [Fri Nov 10 14:41:26 CST 2017]; root of context hierarchy
2017-11-10 14:41:27.138 INFO 5186 --- [ main] s.b.c.e.t.TomcatEmbeddedServletContainer : Tomcat initialized with port(s): 8080 (http)
2017-11-10 14:41:27.149 INFO 5186 --- [ main] o.apache.catalina.core.StandardService : Starting service [Tomcat]
2017-11-10 14:41:27.150 INFO 5186 --- [ main] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine : Starting Servlet Engine: Apache Tomcat/8.5.23
2017-11-10 14:41:27.230 INFO 5186 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.a.c.c.C.[Tomcat].[localhost].[/] : Initializing Spring embedded WebApplicationContext
2017-11-10 14:41:27.230 INFO 5186 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.web.context.ContextLoader : Root WebApplicationContext: initialization completed in 1206 ms
2017-11-10 14:41:27.314 INFO 5186 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.w.servlet.ServletRegistrationBean : Mapping servlet: 'dispatcherServlet' to [/]
2017-11-10 14:41:27.317 INFO 5186 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.w.servlet.FilterRegistrationBean : Mapping filter: 'characterEncodingFilter' to: [/*]
2017-11-10 14:41:27.317 INFO 5186 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.w.servlet.FilterRegistrationBean : Mapping filter: 'hiddenHttpMethodFilter' to: [/*]
2017-11-10 14:41:27.318 INFO 5186 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.w.servlet.FilterRegistrationBean : Mapping filter: 'httpPutFormContentFilter' to: [/*]
2017-11-10 14:41:27.318 INFO 5186 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.w.servlet.FilterRegistrationBean : Mapping filter: 'requestContextFilter' to: [/*]
2017-11-10 14:41:27.564 INFO 5186 --- [ main] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter : Looking for @ControllerAdvice: org.springframework.boot.context.embedded.AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext@7ff2a664: startup date [Fri Nov 10 14:41:26 CST 2017]; root of context hierarchy
2017-11-10 14:41:27.602 INFO 5186 --- [ main] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerMapping : Mapped "{[/hello]}" onto public java.lang.String com.zzy.springboot.demo.springbootdemo.controller.HelloController.test()
2017-11-10 14:41:27.605 INFO 5186 --- [ main] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerMapping : Mapped "{[/error]}" onto public org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity<java.util.Map<java.lang.String, java.lang.Object>> org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.BasicErrorController.error(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest)
2017-11-10 14:41:27.605 INFO 5186 --- [ main] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerMapping : Mapped "{[/error],produces=[text/html]}" onto public org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.BasicErrorController.errorHtml(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest,javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse)
2017-11-10 14:41:27.622 INFO 5186 --- [ main] o.s.w.s.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping : Mapped URL path [/webjars/**] onto handler of type [class org.springframework.web.servlet.resource.ResourceHttpRequestHandler]
2017-11-10 14:41:27.622 INFO 5186 --- [ main] o.s.w.s.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping : Mapped URL path [/**] onto handler of type [class org.springframework.web.servlet.resource.ResourceHttpRequestHandler]
2017-11-10 14:41:27.642 INFO 5186 --- [ main] o.s.w.s.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping : Mapped URL path [/**/favicon.ico] onto handler of type [class org.springframework.web.servlet.resource.ResourceHttpRequestHandler]
2017-11-10 14:41:27.729 INFO 5186 --- [ main] o.s.j.e.a.AnnotationMBeanExporter : Registering beans for JMX exposure on startup
2017-11-10 14:41:27.775 INFO 5186 --- [ main] s.b.c.e.t.TomcatEmbeddedServletContainer : Tomcat started on port(s): 8080 (http)
2017-11-10 14:41:27.781 INFO 5186 --- [ main] c.z.s.d.s.SpringbootdemoApplication : Started SpringbootdemoApplication in 2.131 seconds (JVM running for 3.001)
2017-11-10 14:42:09.029 INFO 5186 --- [nio-8080-exec-1] o.a.c.c.C.[Tomcat].[localhost].[/] : Initializing Spring FrameworkServlet 'dispatcherServlet'
2017-11-10 14:42:09.029 INFO 5186 --- [nio-8080-exec-1] o.s.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet : FrameworkServlet 'dispatcherServlet': initialization started
2017-11-10 14:42:09.045 INFO 5186 --- [nio-8080-exec-1] o.s.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet : FrameworkServlet 'dispatcherServlet': initialization completed in 16 ms
- 打開瀏覽器訪問http://localhost:8080/hello纵顾，可以看到頁(yè)面輸出hello springboot
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