詩/Wislawa Szymborska
中譯/郭綠獅
兩人都深信
罪魁
是那突然的激情——
這篤信自是美麗
更美的卻是猶疑
他倆不相識
哪料到會有故事
或許早已
擦身而過多少次
在大街或小巷
在走廊上
或樓梯旁
想問問他們
曾記否——
旋轉(zhuǎn)門里面對面
人潮洶涌中輕聲道歉
撥錯了的一通電話——
但我知道呵
不,他們不記得
會驚訝吧
若他們得知
命運已與他們戲弄
蹉跎歲月;
它還不想
把他們推入歸宿
它讓他們聚攏
卻又讓他們離疏
一會兒在兩人中間作堵
一會兒又讓出一條路
豈無跡象召廷,豈無天機泄露?
不能參透卻終是勞徒
許是三年前
抑或上周天
新葉從一只肩膀飛越
落在另一只肩揍堕;
許是童年的那只皮球,消失在草叢間——
丟失了還能否拾回
誰又能預(yù)見汤纸?
門把轉(zhuǎn)動衩茸,門鈴撳響
一只手的掌印
覆在了先前的另一只上;
行李室里 兩只皮箱檢查完畢
并排擺放贮泞;
某夜共赴一夢
夢后一朝蘇醒
醒后又有誰記起楞慈!
每個開始
都不過是繼續(xù)
緣分之書
頂多向人半啟
多余的話
本來應(yīng)該到此為止,但有一些話不吐不快啃擦。嚴(yán)復(fù)說「譯事三難」是「信達雅」囊蓝,林語堂又來一個「忠順美」;傅雷說要「傳神」令蛉,錢鐘書來一個更玄的「化境」聚霜。在我看來,翻譯是一種「再現(xiàn)」珠叔,舉英譯中來說蝎宇,就是要讓讀中文的中文閱讀者,得到類似讀英文的英文閱讀者的閱讀體驗运杭。當(dāng)然夫啊,因為語言本身代表和塑造著一種思維方式和文化傳統(tǒng),真正的「忠實」難以做到辆憔,但這應(yīng)當(dāng)是我們追求的終極目標(biāo)撇眯。
這在翻譯詩的時候表現(xiàn)得尤為重要。我發(fā)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)在國內(nèi)出版的翻譯后的詩集幾乎不能讀虱咧,翻譯者的最大問題在于被原文框死了熊榛。如果說語言的組合尚有一些變動,那么標(biāo)點腕巡、斷句幾乎就被框死了玄坦。美其名曰「信」「忠」,殊不知原文的氛圍绘沉、韻味已經(jīng)全無煎楣,何來「信」,何來「忠」车伞?這種戕害詩作的譯法择懂,是真正的不信,不忠另玖。為什么他們這樣困曙?我不相信什么鬼話,只有一種原因谦去,那就是他們沒有被原作感動慷丽!
原詩是波蘭文,小弟不才鳄哭,只得閱讀幾個英譯本比較略得大意要糊。但我為什么敢說自己的是最佳中譯?不是因為我的有多好妆丘,而是因為其他的都太爛了锄俄。他們太死了。
大家對照可以看出飘痛,上面的這個翻譯珊膜,不但不拘于用詞,而且斷句宣脉、使用標(biāo)點也「全憑我意」车柠,極度放肆(典型的如為了押韻把“tuesday”譯為「周天」而不是「周二」,毫不影響原意塑猖,還大大增強了詩歌的節(jié)奏感)竹祷。可知這放肆之下羊苟,卻是為了追求「再現(xiàn)」的極大「忠實」塑陵!
詩歌是最最微妙最最脆弱的文學(xué),一字一句蜡励,一空一行令花,都對音律阻桅、意境有著極大的影響。其翻譯斷不可拘泥兼都,而是要以最敏感的觸覺嫂沉、最大程度的熱忱,去「再現(xiàn)」原詩奉獻給讀者的享受扮碧。
《一見鐘情》是一首飽含深情又充滿唏噓的杰作趟章,被中譯者搞得韻味全無、氣氛盡失慎王。為什么蚓土?因為他們根本沒有被這首詩感動,所以也不會想把這種感動用另一種語言表達出來赖淤。
附上本人參考的兩個英譯本共對照蜀漆,同時附上兩個不堪入目的中譯本共比較。
另外漫蛔,其實這兩個中譯本也都是根據(jù)英譯本翻譯的嗜愈,難道我們國家沒有能翻譯波蘭語的人了嗎?
Both are convinced
that a sudden surge of emotion bound them together.
Beautiful is such a certainty,
but uncertainty is more beautiful.
Because they didn't know each other earlier, they suppose that
nothing was happening between them.
What of the streets, stairways and corridors
where they could have passed each other long ago?
I'd like to ask them
whether they remember-- perhaps in a revolving door
ever being face to face?
an "excuse me" in a crowd
or a voice "wrong number" in the receiver.
But I know their answer:
no, they don't remember.
They'd be greatly astonished
to learn that for a long time
chance had been playing with them.
Not yet wholly ready
to transform into fate for them
it approached them, then backed off,
stood in their way
and, suppressing a giggle,
jumped to the side. There were signs, signals:
but what of it if they were illegible.
Perhaps three years ago,
or last Tuesday
did a certain leaflet fly
from shoulder to shoulder?
There was something lost and picked up.
Who knows but what it was a ball
in the bushes of childhood.
There were doorknobs and bells
on which earlier
touch piled on touch.
Bags beside each other in the luggage room.
Perhaps they had the same dream on a certain night,
suddenly erased after waking.
Every beginning
is but a continuation,
and the book of events
is never more than half open.
-translated by Walter Whipple
They're both convinced
that a sudden passion joined them.
Such certainty is beautiful,
but uncertainty is more beautiful still.
Since they'd never met before, they're sure
that there'd been nothing between them.
But what's the word from the streets, staircases, hallways --
perhaps they've passed each other a million times?
I want to ask them
if they don't remember --
a moment face to face
in some revolving door?
perhaps a "sorry" muttered in a crowd?
a curt "wrong number" caught in the receiver?
but I know the answer.
No, they don't remember
They'd be amazed to hear
that Chance has been toying with them
now for years.
Not quite ready yet
to become their Destiny,
it pushed them close, drove them apart,
it barred their path,
stifling a laugh,
and then leaped aside.
There were signs and signals,
even if they couldn't read them yet.
Perhaps three years ago
or just last Tuesday
a certain leaf fluttered
from one shoulder to another?
Something was dropped and then picked up.
Who knows, maybe the ball that vanished
into childhood's thicket?
There were doorknobs and doorbells
where one touch had covered another
beforehand.
Suitcases checked and standing side by side.
One night, perhaps, the same dream,
grown hazy by morning.
Every beginning
is only a sequel, after all,
and the book of events
is always open halfway through.
-translated by Stanislaw Baranczak and Clare Cavanagh
他們兩人都深信
一種突然的激情使他們結(jié)合在一起莽龟。
這樣的信念是美麗的蠕嫁,
但猶疑不定更為美麗。
如果從未相遇毯盈,他們確信剃毒,
他們之間將什么也不會發(fā)生。
然而搂赋,從街道赘阀、樓梯、走廊傳來的詞語在說著什么脑奠?
也許基公,他們已無數(shù)次擦身而過?
我想問一問他們
是否已不再記得——
在某扇旋轉(zhuǎn)門里
在瞬間宋欺,他們曾看見彼此的面容轰豆?
也許,在人群中齿诞,曾低聲說“對不起”酸休?
在電話里,不經(jīng)意地說過“打錯了”祷杈?——
然而斑司,我知道答案。
是的但汞,他們已忘卻宿刮。
他們?nèi)绱梭@異互站,多年來,
機遇一直
擺弄著他們糙置。
機遇還沒有準(zhǔn)備好
去成為他們的命運云茸,
它將他們推近是目,又驅(qū)使他們分離谤饭,
它擋住他們的去路,
隨后又閃到一邊懊纳,
屏住了竊笑揉抵。
曾經(jīng)有過一些跡象與征兆,
但他們未能解讀嗤疯。
也許是三年前冤今,
或者就在上個星期二,
一片樹葉
從一人的肩上飄至另一人的肩上茂缚。
一件東西掉了戏罢,又被撿起。
誰知道呢脚囊,也許是那只球龟糕,消失于
兒時的灌木叢?
門把上悔耘,門鈴上,
一人先前的觸痕被另一人的
覆蓋。
他們寄存的箱子并排在一起促绵。
有一個晚上缓苛,也許,他們做著相同的夢看峻,
到了早上阶淘,卻不再清晰。
每一個開端
僅僅是延續(xù)互妓,總之溪窒,
事件之書
總是從中途開啟。
(胡桑譯)
他們都認(rèn)為车猬,是一種突如其來的感覺
把他們聯(lián)在一起霉猛。
這當(dāng)然是美麗的,
甚至比那飄忽不定的命運更美珠闰。
他們認(rèn)為惜浅,他們彼此并不熟悉,
在他們之間什么也不曾發(fā)生伏嗜,
這些街道坛悉,樓梯伐厌,這些走廊,
在很久以前裸影,他們會在哪里相逢挣轨?
我很愿意去詢問他們,如果他們還記得——
或許某天轩猩,他們在一個旋轉(zhuǎn)門里碰過面卷扮?
——人群里的一聲“對不起”?
——電話里的一句“打錯了”均践?
可是我知道那回答:
不晤锹,他們什么也回憶不起。
當(dāng)他們得知彤委,命運已經(jīng)
已經(jīng)如此長時間地和他們嬉戲鞭铆,
他們應(yīng)該多么驚異!
還沒有完全做好準(zhǔn)備去投入那變幻的命運焦影,
它使他們靠近车遂,又把他們推遠(yuǎn),
隔斷他們的道路斯辰,
然后壓抑住笑聲
遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)地逃開舶担;
這兒有一些符號,痕跡椒涯,
無法破譯柄沮,也沒有什么關(guān)系。
三年前废岂,或者就在上個星期二祖搓,
這片樹葉從一個人的肩飛向另一個人?
有些東西遺失了又重新聚集湖苞。
天知道拯欧,或許是童年的一個玻璃球
已經(jīng)滾進了灌木叢里?
這兒有把手财骨,有門鈴镐作,
什么地方,這只手握過的
另一只手也曾經(jīng)握過:
在行李寄存處隆箩,這只手提箱緊挨著下一個该贾。
也許那同樣的夢被忘卻,在某個夜晚的漫步中:
可是每個標(biāo)記都只是個延續(xù)捌臊,
命運之書的閱讀也經(jīng)常從中間一頁開始杨蛋。
(張祈譯)