title: "添加數(shù)據(jù)標(biāo)簽"
author: "wintryheart"
date: "2019/7/21"
output: html_document

knitr::opts_chunk$set(echo = TRUE)

數(shù)據(jù)

library(reshape2)
y2000 <- c(77.17, 11.46, 11.38)
y2010 <- c(68.23, 16.4,15.37)
nesttype <- c("與子女生活","獨(dú)居空巢","夫妻空巢")
emptynest <- data.frame(nesttype,y2000, y2010)
knitr::kable(emptynest)
emptynest2 <- melt(emptynest, id.vars = "nesttype", variable.name = "year", value.name = "proportion")
with(emptynest2, 
 nesttype <- factor(nesttype, levels = c("與子女生活","夫婦空巢","獨(dú)居空巢"), labels = c("與子女生活","夫婦空巢","獨(dú)居空巢"), ordered=T), 
 year <- substr(year, 2, 5) 
)

簡(jiǎn)單的條形圖

library(ggplot2)
library(gridExtra)

p1 <- ggplot(emptynest2, aes(x=nesttype, y=proportion)) + geom_bar(aes(fill=year), position="dodge", stat="identity")

p2 <- ggplot(emptynest2, aes(x=nesttype, y=proportion)) + geom_col(aes(fill=year), position="dodge")


grid.arrange(p1, p2, ncol=1)

• geom_col()和geom_bar()的區(qū)別在于塌衰，geom_col()默認(rèn)使用原數(shù)據(jù)诉稍，而geom_bar()默認(rèn)進(jìn)行count。

12.png

group分組問(wèn)題

在上圖上猾蒂，ggplot()并沒(méi)有設(shè)置aes()的group參數(shù)均唉。這種做法不影響geom_bar()，但是影響geom_text()肚菠，使得數(shù)據(jù)標(biāo)簽不能正確顯示舔箭。

p3 <- ggplot(emptynest2, aes(x=nesttype, y=proportion)) + 
  geom_col(aes(fill=year), position="dodge") + 
  geom_text(aes(label=proportion, y=proportion+0.05), position=position_dodge(0.9), vjust=0) 

p4 <- ggplot(emptynest2, aes(x=nesttype, y=proportion, group=year)) + 
  geom_col(aes(fill=year), position="dodge") + 
  geom_text(aes(label=proportion, y=proportion+0.05), position=position_dodge(0.9), vjust=0) 

grid.arrange(p3,p4,ncol=1)

13.png

geom_text()的參數(shù)設(shè)置問(wèn)題

position問(wèn)題

對(duì)于多組數(shù)據(jù)，不能直接設(shè)置蚊逢，而要用position_dodge()設(shè)置不同組之間標(biāo)簽的避開(kāi)寬度（dodging width）层扶。

ggplot(emptynest2, aes(x=nesttype, y=proportion, group=year)) + 
  geom_col(aes(fill=year), position="dodge") + 
  geom_text(aes(label=proportion, y=proportion+0.05), position="dodge", vjust=0) 


ggplot(emptynest2, aes(x=nesttype, y=proportion, group=year)) + 
  geom_col(aes(fill=year), position="dodge") + 
  geom_text(aes(label=proportion, y=proportion+0.05), position=position_dodge(0.9), vjust=0) 

21.png

22.png

vjust問(wèn)題

vjust選項(xiàng)調(diào)節(jié)數(shù)據(jù)標(biāo)簽相對(duì)于條形頂部的位置。默認(rèn)為0.5烙荷。

ggplot(emptynest2, aes(x=nesttype, y=proportion, group=year)) + 
  geom_col(aes(fill=year), position="dodge") + 
  geom_text(aes(label=proportion, y=proportion+0.05), position=position_dodge(0.9)) 

ggplot(emptynest2, aes(x=nesttype, y=proportion, group=year)) + 
  geom_col(aes(fill=year), position="dodge") + 
  geom_text(aes(label=proportion, y=proportion+0.05), position=position_dodge(0.9), vjust=0) 

ggplot(emptynest2, aes(x=nesttype, y=proportion, group=year)) + 
  geom_col(aes(fill=year), position="dodge") + 
  geom_text(aes(label=proportion, y=proportion+0.05), position=position_dodge(0.9), vjust=1) 

31.png

32.png

33.png

aes()問(wèn)題

目的是抬升標(biāo)簽的位置镜会，使得標(biāo)簽脫離條形的頂部。默認(rèn)是貼合终抽。

ggplot(emptynest2, aes(x=nesttype, y=proportion, group=year)) + 
  geom_col(aes(fill=year), position="dodge") + 
  geom_text(aes(label=proportion), position=position_dodge(0.9), vjust=0) 

ggplot(emptynest2, aes(x=nesttype, y=proportion, group=year)) + 
  geom_col(aes(fill=year), position="dodge") + 
  geom_text(aes(label=proportion, y=proportion+1), position=position_dodge(0.9), vjust=0) 

41.png

42.png

附錄

下面內(nèi)容節(jié)選自geom_text()幫助文件戳表。

# Aligning labels and bars --------------------------------------------------
df <- data.frame(
  x = factor(c(1, 1, 2, 2)),
  y = c(1, 3, 2, 1),
  grp = c("a", "b", "a", "b")
)

# ggplot2 doesn't know you want to give the labels the same virtual width
# as the bars:
ggplot(data = df, aes(x, y, group = grp)) +
  geom_col(aes(fill = grp), position = "dodge") +
  geom_text(aes(label = y), position = "dodge")
# So tell it:
ggplot(data = df, aes(x, y, group = grp)) +
  geom_col(aes(fill = grp), position = "dodge") +
  geom_text(aes(label = y), position = position_dodge(0.9))
# Use you can't nudge and dodge text, so instead adjust the y position
ggplot(data = df, aes(x, y, group = grp)) +
  geom_col(aes(fill = grp), position = "dodge") +
  geom_text(
    aes(label = y, y = y + 0.05),
    position = position_dodge(0.9),
    vjust = 0
  )


# Justification -------------------------------------------------------------
df <- data.frame(
  x = c(1, 1, 2, 2, 1.5),
  y = c(1, 2, 1, 2, 1.5),
  text = c("bottom-left", "bottom-right", "top-left", "top-right", "center")
)
ggplot(df, aes(x, y)) +
  geom_text(aes(label = text))
ggplot(df, aes(x, y)) +
  geom_text(aes(label = text), vjust = "inward", hjust = "inward")

51.png

52.png

53.png

61.png

62.png