Prison Experiment 1
In 1971 psychologists created one of the most important experiments in the history of psychology.
ps:?1971年坝冕，心理學(xué)家創(chuàng)造了心理學(xué)史上最重要的實(shí)驗(yàn)之一耕蝉。
psychologists心理學(xué)家;?心理學(xué)研究者;?psychologist的復(fù)數(shù)
created創(chuàng)造;?創(chuàng)作;?創(chuàng)建;?造成，引起，產(chǎn)生;?授予;?冊(cè)封;?create的過(guò)去分詞和過(guò)去式
one of…之一
most important重要的;?有重大影響的;?有巨大價(jià)值的;?影響很大的;?權(quán)威的;?important的最高級(jí)
experiments實(shí)驗(yàn);?試驗(yàn);?嘗試;?實(shí)踐;?做試驗(yàn);?進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn);?試用;?experiment的第三人稱單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)
in the history歷史上的拗慨，有史以來(lái)的
psychology心理學(xué);?心理;?心理特征;?心理影響
The experiment known as the Stanford Prison Experiment, looked at the impact of situations on human behavior.
ps:?這項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)被稱為斯坦福監(jiān)獄實(shí)驗(yàn)，旨在研究情境對(duì)人類行為的影響沪袭。
experiment實(shí)驗(yàn);?試驗(yàn);?嘗試;?實(shí)踐;?做試驗(yàn);?進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn);?試用
known as被稱為;?被認(rèn)為是;?以…而聞名
looked看;?瞧;?尋找;?尋求;?注意;?留心;?留神;?look的過(guò)去分詞和過(guò)去式
impact巨大影響;?強(qiáng)大作用;?撞擊;?沖撞;?沖擊力;?有影響艇抠，有作用;?沖擊
situations情況;?狀況;?形勢(shì);?局面;?地理位置，環(huán)境特點(diǎn);?職業(yè);?工作崗位;?situation的復(fù)數(shù)
human behavior人類行為
The researchers, led by Philip Zimbardo, wanted to know how situations could affect how people behave.
In particular, they wanted to know if good people would change their personalities and lose their values.
ps:?特別是讯榕，他們想知道好人是否會(huì)改變他們的個(gè)性骤素，失去他們的價(jià)值觀
In particular尤其;?特別
wanted受通緝的;?要;?想要;?希望;?需要;?需要…在場(chǎng);?want的過(guò)去分詞和過(guò)去式
know知道;?知悉;?了解;?認(rèn)識(shí)到;?懂得;?意識(shí)到;?確信;?確知;?肯定
would(will的過(guò)去式，用于轉(zhuǎn)述)將愚屁，將會(huì);?帶出想象的結(jié)果;?就會(huì);?想要;?希望;?愿意;?喜歡;?立定志向;?決心;?決意;?立遺囑將贈(zèng)與;?立遺囑贈(zèng)與;?will的過(guò)去式
change改變;?變化;?使不同;?變換济竹，改換，變成;?變更;?變革;?替代;?更換;?替代物
personalities性格;?個(gè)性;?人格;?魅力;?氣質(zhì);?氣度;?名人霎槐，風(fēng)云人物;?personality的復(fù)數(shù)
lose遺失;?丟失;?損失送浊，喪失，失去;?被…奪去
values價(jià)值;?值丘跌，劃算程度;?用途;?積極作用;?重視;?珍視;?給…估價(jià);?給…定價(jià);?value
In the experiment, participants were divided into two groups.
One group became prison guards and the other group became prison inmates.
ps:?一組成為獄警袭景，另一組成為囚犯唁桩。
group組;?群;?批;?類;?簇;?集團(tuán);?演奏組，樂(lè)團(tuán)耸棒，樂(lè)隊(duì);?成群荒澡，成組，聚集;?將…分類;?把…分組
became開(kāi)始變得;?變成;?適合;?與…相稱;?使顯得漂亮;?使好看;?become的過(guò)去式
prison監(jiān)獄;?牢獄;?看守所;?監(jiān)禁;?關(guān)押;?關(guān)押制度;?難以脫身的地方;?牢籠;?樊籠
guards衛(wèi)兵;?警衛(wèi)員;?看守;?衛(wèi)兵与殃，警衛(wèi);?警戒;?保衛(wèi);?保護(hù);?警衛(wèi);?守衛(wèi);?監(jiān)視;?guard的第三人稱單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)
inmates同住者;?同獄犯人;?同病房者;?inmate的復(fù)數(shù)?英 [??nme?ts] 美 [??n?me?ts]
Question:
1. They wanted to study how situations can affect human behavior.
The experiment was set up in Stanford University’s psychology building.
Fill in the blanks:
The researchers, led by Philip Zimbardo, wanted to know how situations could affect how people behave.In particular, they wanted to know if good people would change their personalities and lose their values.
The experiment was set up in Stanford University’s psychology building.
A group of 24 students was chosen to play the roles, 12 guards and 12 prisoners.
The students came from a larger group of volunteers who wanted to participate in a psychology experiment.
Those who were chosen had no criminal background and had no significant medical or psychological problems.
ps:?被選中的人沒(méi)有犯罪背景单山，也沒(méi)有重大的醫(yī)療或心理問(wèn)題。
chosen選擇;?挑選;?選取;?寧愿;?情愿;?決定;?choose的過(guò)去分詞
criminal犯罪的;?犯法的;?涉及犯罪的;?刑法的;?刑事的;?道德上錯(cuò)誤的;?不道德的;?罪犯
background出身背景;?學(xué)歷;?經(jīng)歷;?背景;?后景
significant有重大意義的;?顯著的;?有某種意義的;?別有含義的;?意味深長(zhǎng)的
medical傷病的;?疾病的;?醫(yī)療的;?內(nèi)科的;?體格檢查
They agreed to participate in the experiment for a one to two-week period.
Question:
1.how long was the experiment scheduled to last?
it was scheduled for ?a one to two-week period
2.What is another word for “significant”?
important.
Repeat Sentences:
1. In the experiment, participants were divided into two groups.
2. The experiment was set up in Stanford University’s psychology building.
3. A group of 24 students was chosen to play the roles, 12 guards and 12 prisoners.
4. The experiment was scheduled to last one to two weeks.
5. It was one of the most important experiments in the history of psychology.
6. One group became prison guards and the other group became prison inmates.
The prisoners had to remain in prison 24 hours a day during the experiment.
Guards worked in teams of three and were assigned to work in eight-hour shifts.
ps:警衛(wèi)三人一組奈籽，每班八小時(shí)饥侵。
worked做體力工作;?勞動(dòng);?干活;?受雇于;?從事…工作;?使工作;?使賣力干活;?work的過(guò)去分詞和過(guò)去式;?working的過(guò)去分詞和過(guò)去式
teams隊(duì);?組，班;?一組牲畜衣屏，聯(lián)畜;?使互相配合;?使協(xié)作;?使合作;?team的第三人稱單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)
work in把…加進(jìn);?把…混入;?把…摻進(jìn)
shifts轉(zhuǎn)移;?挪動(dòng);?趕快;?快速移動(dòng);?變換;?更替;?變動(dòng);?改變;?轉(zhuǎn)換;?班;?輪班;?輪班工作
Unlike the prisoners, they were free to return to their homes between shifts.
Hidden cameras and microphones were used to observe the behaviors of both the prisoners and guards.
ps:?隱藏的攝像機(jī)和麥克風(fēng)被用來(lái)觀察囚犯和警衛(wèi)的行為躏升。
Hidden難以看見(jiàn)的;?隱藏的;?隱秘的;?藏;?隱蔽;?躲避;?隱匿;?遮住;?遮擋;?hide的過(guò)去分詞
cameras照相機(jī);?攝影機(jī);?攝像機(jī);?camera的復(fù)數(shù)
microphones麥克風(fēng);?話筒;?傳聲器;?microphone的復(fù)數(shù)
used to曾經(jīng)
observe看到;?注意到;?觀察到;?觀察;?注視;?監(jiān)視;?說(shuō)話;?評(píng)論
behaviorsbehavior的名詞復(fù)數(shù)
prisoners囚犯;?犯人;?羈押候?qū)徴??被關(guān)起來(lái)的人;?俘虜;?戰(zhàn)俘;?prisoner的復(fù)數(shù)
guards衛(wèi)兵;?警衛(wèi)員;?看守;?衛(wèi)兵，警衛(wèi);?警戒;?保衛(wèi);?保護(hù);?警衛(wèi);?守衛(wèi);?監(jiān)視;?guard
Question:
1.what were you used to obseve the prisoners and guards?
Hidden cameras and microphones
2. How often could the prisoners return to their homes?
They had to stay in prison for the duration of the experiment.
The simulated prison included three small prison cells, 6 feet by 9 feet.
ps:模擬監(jiān)獄包括三個(gè)6英尺乘9英尺的小牢房狼忱。
simulated假裝的;?仿造的;?模擬的;?假裝;?冒充;?裝作;?模擬;?模仿;?simulate的過(guò)去分詞和過(guò)去式
prison監(jiān)獄;?牢獄;?看守所;?監(jiān)禁;?關(guān)押;?關(guān)押制度;?難以脫身的地方;?牢籠;?樊籠
included包括在內(nèi)的;?包括;?包含;?使成為…的一部分;?include的過(guò)去分詞和過(guò)去式
small小的;?小號(hào)的膨疏，小型的;?成為小塊;?小小地;?后腰;?小件衣服
cells單間牢房;?牢房;?小房間;?細(xì)胞;?cell的復(fù)數(shù)
feetfoot 的復(fù)數(shù)
Each cell had three small beds and held three prisoners.
There was also a closet that served as a solitary confinement room.
ps:?還有一個(gè)壁櫥，作為單獨(dú)的禁閉室钻弄。
closet貯藏室;?壁櫥;?隱藏的;?不公開(kāi)的;?把…關(guān)在房間里
served提供;?端上;?夠…吃;?接待;?服務(wù);?serve的過(guò)去分詞和過(guò)去式
solitary confinement單獨(dú)監(jiān)禁;?單獨(dú)禁閉
solitary英 [?s?l?tri] 美 [?sɑ?l?teri] adj.獨(dú)自的;單獨(dú)的;喜歡(或慣于)獨(dú)處的;單個(gè)的;孤單的;孤零零的n.獨(dú)居者;隱士
confinement英 [k?n?fa?nm?nt] 美 [k?n?fa?nm?nt] n.禁閉;監(jiān)禁;關(guān)押;分娩;產(chǎn)期
room房間;?室;?有…室的;?有…個(gè)房間的;?客房;?租房;?合住
This was used to isolate prisoners who needed to be punished for bad behavior.
ps:這被用來(lái)隔離那些因行為不端而需要受到懲罰的囚犯佃却。
used to曾經(jīng)
isolate隔離，孤立窘俺，脫離;?將…剔出;?使分離;?使離析
prisoners囚犯;?犯人;?羈押候?qū)徴??被關(guān)起來(lái)的人;?俘虜;?戰(zhàn)俘;?prisoner的復(fù)數(shù)
needed需要;?必需;?有必要;?need的過(guò)去分詞和過(guò)去式
bad令人不快的;?問(wèn)題成堆的;?壞的;?質(zhì)量差的;?不合格的;?拙于;?不擅;?不善于;?壞人;?壞事;?很;?非常
behavior行為;?性能;?表現(xiàn);?習(xí)性
Guards were instructed not to physically harm the prisoners in any way.
ps:?獄警奉命不要以任何方式傷害囚犯饲帅。
instructed指示;?命令;?吩咐;?教授，傳授;?告知;?通知;?instruct的過(guò)去分詞和過(guò)去式
physically身體上;?肉體上;?依據(jù)自然規(guī)律;?按自然法則;?根本上
harm傷害;?損害
prisoners囚犯;?犯人;?羈押候?qū)徴??被關(guān)起來(lái)的人;?俘虜;?戰(zhàn)俘;?prisoner的復(fù)數(shù)
in any way在任何方面
Prisoners were to be addressed by their assigned numbers and never by name.
ps:囚犯的地址是他們指定的號(hào)碼瘤泪，而不是名字灶泵。
addressed寫(xiě)姓名地址;?致函;?演說(shuō);?演講;?向…說(shuō)話;?address的過(guò)去分詞和過(guò)去式
assigned分配;?分派，布置;?指定;?指派;?委派;?派遣;?assign的過(guò)去分詞和過(guò)去式
numbers數(shù)字;?數(shù);?數(shù)量;?編號(hào);?序數(shù);?號(hào)碼;?標(biāo)號(hào);?給…編號(hào);?總計(jì);?共計(jì);?數(shù)以…計(jì);?把…算作;?歸入;?number的第三人稱單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)
never從不;?絕不;?從未;?未曾;?(與not同義对途，語(yǔ)氣較強(qiáng))一點(diǎn)都不;?不會(huì)吧
by name以名字;指名道姓地
To prevent eye contact with the prisoners, guards wore mirrored sunglasses.
ps:為了防止與囚犯的目光接觸赦邻，獄警戴著鏡面太陽(yáng)鏡。
eye contact眼神接觸;?目光交流
prisoners囚犯;?犯人;?羈押候?qū)徴??被關(guān)起來(lái)的人;?俘虜;?戰(zhàn)俘;?prisoner的復(fù)數(shù)
guards衛(wèi)兵;?警衛(wèi)員;?看守;?衛(wèi)兵实檀，警衛(wèi);?警戒;?保衛(wèi);?保護(hù);?警衛(wèi);?守衛(wèi);?監(jiān)視;?guard的第三人稱單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)
wore穿;?戴;?佩戴;?蓄惶洲，留;?流露，面帶膳犹，呈現(xiàn);?wear的過(guò)去式
mirrored有鏡子的;?像鏡子的;?反映;?映照;?反射;?mirror的過(guò)去分詞和過(guò)去式
sunglasses太陽(yáng)鏡;?墨鏡
This was done to dehumanize the relationship between guards and prisoners.
ps:?這樣做是為了使獄警和囚犯之間的關(guān)系失去人性恬吕。
done完畢;?了結(jié);?結(jié)束;?煮熟;?熟了;?合乎禮儀;?合乎規(guī)矩;?得體;?行，好;?做须床，干币呵，辦;?做;?行動(dòng);?表現(xiàn);?進(jìn)展，進(jìn)行;?do的過(guò)去分詞
dehumanize使喪失人性;?使無(wú)人性?英 [?di??hju?m?na?z] 美 [?di??hju?m?na?z]
relationship關(guān)系侨颈，聯(lián)系;?情愛(ài)關(guān)系;?性愛(ài)關(guān)系;?關(guān)聯(lián)余赢，關(guān)系
between在…中間，介于…之間;?在…之間哈垢，在…中間;?介于…之間
guards衛(wèi)兵;?警衛(wèi)員;?看守;?衛(wèi)兵妻柒，警衛(wèi);?警戒;?保衛(wèi);?保護(hù);?警衛(wèi);?守衛(wèi);?監(jiān)視;?guard的第三人稱單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)
prisoners囚犯;?犯人;?羈押候?qū)徴??被關(guān)起來(lái)的人;?俘虜;?戰(zhàn)俘;?prisoner的復(fù)數(shù)
Exercises:
1.why did?guards wear mirrored sunglasses?
To prevent eye contact with the prisoners
2. What is a very small room usually used to store clothes?
a closet.
3. To isolate someone means to keep them apart from others.
4. To physically harm someone means to physically hurt them.
Repeat Sentences:
1. The guards were assigned to work in eight-hour shifts.
2.The prisoners had to remain in prison 24 hours a day during the experiment.
3. Hidden cameras and microphones were used to observe the prisoners and guards.
4. To prevent eye contact with the prisoners, guards wore mirrored sunglasses.
5.To isolate someone means to keep them apart from others.
