-ist | -ism
-ister/-ast
-ist為名詞后綴系羞，也可作形容詞旁瘫；-ism為名詞后綴
?-ist來源于法語中的-iste和拉丁語中的-ista，表示“與...相關(guān)的人”箩张，綴合在一般動(dòng)作或名詞后表示動(dòng)作的實(shí)施者或相關(guān)職業(yè)者杨名；綴合在一些學(xué)科名詞后表示學(xué)科專家或?qū)W者哀军；綴合在-ism結(jié)尾的同源詞根后表示“...主義者”或“...主義的”桩砰。-ist有時(shí)有變體-ister（法語-istre）甩卓，如magister倦卖、minister洒擦、chroister 、barrister怕膛、register等熟嫩；有時(shí)有變體-ast（法語-ast、拉丁語-asta褐捻、希臘語-astes）掸茅，如dynast、enthusiast等柠逞。
一般在詞根或單詞后直接綴合昧狮，如
solo→soloist
vocal→vocalist
guitar→guitarist
organ→organist
theory→theorist
machine→machinist
tour→tourist
essay→essayist
acupuncture→acupuncturist
therapy→therapist
special→specialist
journal→journalist
專家、學(xué)者
-the-→theist
-lingu-→linguist
art→artist
science→scientist
education→educationist
physics→physicist
chemistry→chemist
economy→economist
psychology→psychologist
archaeology→archaeologist
?-ism來源于法語中的-isme板壮，拉丁語中的-isma陵且、-ismas、希臘語中的-ismos个束，表示某種特性慕购、系統(tǒng)理論、教義茬底、主義等沪悲，常有-ist結(jié)尾的詞與其對(duì)應(yīng)。
某種理論阱表、行為殿如、特性
critic→criticism
baptize→baptism
hero→heroism
enthusiast→enthusiasm
fanatic→fanaticism
organ→organism
machine→mechanism
metabolic→metabolism
American→Americanism
Italian→Italianism
某種教義和教徒
Buddha→Buddhism ~ Buddhist
Islam→Islamism→Islamist
tao(道)→Taoism ~ Taoist
Judah→Judaism ~ Judaist
druid→Druidism
shaman→Shamanism
某種主義和主義者、主義的
capitalism ~ capitalist
socialism ~ socialist
communism ~ communist
colonism ~ colonist
patriotism ~ patriotist
pessimism ~ pessimist
optimism ~ optimist
extremism ~ extremist
fundamentalism ~ fundamentalist
terrorism ~ terrorist
populism ~ populist
nationalism ~ nationalist
opportunism ~ opportunist
pragmatism ~ pragmatist
racism ~ racist
realism ~ realist
idealism ~ idealist
-ist后還可以繼續(xù)接后綴：
【形容詞化】n. -ist-ic=-istic adj. e.g. realist→realistic; idealist→idealistic; linguist→linguistic
