設(shè)計父結(jié)構(gòu)體—員工钩杰。子結(jié)構(gòu)體：工人,農(nóng)民,教師,科學(xué)家(scientist),服務(wù)生义钉。
（1）其中工人,農(nóng)民,服務(wù)生只有基本工資。（10分）
（2）教師除基本工資外,還有課酬(元/天)糖耸。（10分）
（3）科學(xué)家除基本工資外,還有年終獎辕万。（10分)
編寫一個測試結(jié)構(gòu)體,將各種類型的員工的全年工資打印出來。（10分)

代碼示例：

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "unsafe"
)


type Employee struct {
    //基本工資
    BaseWage float64
    eType    E_TYPE //員工類型
}

type E_TYPE string

const (
    WORKER    E_TYPE = "工人"
    FARMER           = "農(nóng)民"
    TEACHER2         = "老師"
    SCIENTIST        = "科學(xué)家"
    WAITER           = "服務(wù)員"
)

type Worker struct {
    Employee
}

func (e *Employee) getYearBaseSalary() float64 {
    return 12 * e.BaseWage
}

func (e *Employee) PrintSalary() {
    fmt.Printf("%s全年工資：", e.eType)
    switch e.eType {
    case WORKER:
        fallthrough
    case FARMER:
        fallthrough
    case WAITER:
        fmt.Printf("%.2f\n", e.BaseWage)
    case TEACHER2:
        //下面使用unsafe包的Pointer將父類(Employee)實例轉(zhuǎn)為子類(Teacher2)實例
        //將父類實例轉(zhuǎn)為通用指針
        uP := unsafe.Pointer(e)
        //再轉(zhuǎn)換為本地 Teacher2 結(jié)構(gòu)體
        pT := (*Teacher2)(uP)
        //轉(zhuǎn)換完畢儡司，可以輸出子類特有屬性
        fmt.Println("測試-->老師的課酬是:", pT.ClassRemuneration)
        fmt.Printf("%.2f\n", e.getYearBaseSalary()+pT.ClassRemuneration)
    case SCIENTIST:
        uP := unsafe.Pointer(e)
        pT := (*Scientist)(uP)
        fmt.Printf("%.2f\n", e.getYearBaseSalary()+pT.YearEndBonus)
    default:
        fmt.Println("未能匹配到對應(yīng)的員工類型")
    }

}

type Farmer struct {
    Employee
}

type Teacher2 struct {
    Employee
    //課酬 (元/天)
    ClassRemuneration float64
}

type Scientist struct {
    Employee
    //年終獎
    YearEndBonus float64
}

type Waiter struct {
    Employee
}

//----------------測試------------------------

func main() {
    //實例化工人
    var worker *Worker = &Worker{Employee: Employee{BaseWage: 120, eType: WORKER}}
    //實例化農(nóng)民
    var farmer *Farmer = &Farmer{
        Employee: Employee{
            BaseWage: 150,
            eType:    FARMER,
        },
    }
    //實例化老師
    employee := &Employee{BaseWage: 250, eType: TEACHER2}
    var teacher2 *Teacher2 = &Teacher2{Employee: *employee}
    teacher2.ClassRemuneration = 500
    //實例化科學(xué)家
    var scientist *Scientist = &Scientist{
        Employee{BaseWage: 300, eType: SCIENTIST},
        200,
    }
    //實例化服務(wù)人員
    var waiter *Waiter = &Waiter{Employee: Employee{BaseWage: 150, eType: WAITER}}
    //測試輸出
    worker.PrintSalary()
    farmer.PrintSalary()
    waiter.PrintSalary()
    teacher2.PrintSalary()
    scientist.PrintSalary()
}

運行結(jié)果：

image.png

從以上代碼中可以看到娱挨，我們沒有使用接口，給父類綁定一個方法PrintSalary捕犬，子類就都可以使用這個方法了跷坝，然后在該方法內(nèi)對父類型強轉(zhuǎn)成了子類型。