考察目標(biāo):以連貫而有邏輯的方式對(duì)聽力段落中的主要觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行概括
閱讀筆記要點(diǎn):
·核心態(tài)度:(開頭段末尾句)
·三個(gè)主要理由:中間的每段開頭或結(jié)尾
·以詞為單位記錄:記主干的詞
(1) 找到討論對(duì)象背亥,明確立場(chǎng)
A. 討論對(duì)象的特征
a. 多次提到
b. 位置上比較靠前
c. 后文往往會(huì)有解釋(同義詞、上義詞兽愤、定義)
B. 立場(chǎng)的分類
a. 現(xiàn)象解釋 ? ? b. 問題解決 ? ? c. 觀點(diǎn)證明
C. 提取重點(diǎn)
a. 理解而非翻譯 ? ? ?b. 注意詳略
D. 劃成分的步驟
a. 找主語(即獨(dú)立出現(xiàn)第一個(gè)核心名詞)
b. 找謂語(修飾成分括起來)
c. 梳理主干余下成分(賓語惊暴、補(bǔ)語)
d. 遇到連詞乾吻,讀連詞后的內(nèi)容分析其并列成分
e. 遇到狀語,插入語影響直觀理解的,一并括起來
(2) 找到三個(gè)分論點(diǎn)
A. 分論點(diǎn)的特點(diǎn)
a. 往往出現(xiàn)在各段段首
b. 包括因果邏輯的地方尤其重視
c. 盡可能找到論證的邏輯重點(diǎn)C
B. 提前預(yù)測(cè)
a. 論據(jù)本身正確與否圈暗? ? ? b. 論證關(guān)系是否成立粥鞋? ? ?c. 是否存在其他因素缘挽?
5. 聽力
(1) 整理要點(diǎn)
A. 明確支持還是反對(duì)
B. 找到三個(gè)分論點(diǎn)
C. 盡可能的記錄更多細(xì)節(jié)
(2) 注意事項(xiàng)
A. 注意結(jié)構(gòu)和表述順序
B. 特別關(guān)注分論點(diǎn)里展開的例子
C. 善用縮寫和符號(hào),及時(shí)完善
(3) 九大要點(diǎn)詞
A. 結(jié)構(gòu)信號(hào)詞
分論點(diǎn):firstly, secondly, thirdly, to take another point
B. 邏輯詞
a. 因果:because, since, as, due to, therefore, to sum up, as a result
b. 轉(zhuǎn)折:but, however, on the contrary, rather than, instead
C. 重復(fù)詞
a. 同義詞 ? ?b. 同根詞 ? ?c. 反義詞
D. 解釋詞
a. 下定義:that is to say...; is defined as...; ...that/which means/explains/indicates;
b. 解釋:let me explain...
E. 被強(qiáng)調(diào)的語意
a. 比較級(jí):more, much more, as...as.
b. 最高級(jí):the most, the best
c. 語氣詞:well, um, you know...
F. 并列詞
and, as well as, together with, not only... but also..., plus
G. 表傾向性呻粹、否定和變化的詞
a. 傾向性:agree, disagree, support
b. 否定詞:no, not, never, neither, nor, fall to, seldom, hardly, scarcely, rarely, barely, little, few
c. 變化:前進(jìn)壕曼、后退、上升等浊、下降腮郊、離開、到來...
H. 問題和答案
I. 重要例子
And some interesting things were found... like about eating habits
for example / as an example / for instance 舉例
to give a specific example 舉具體的例子
A is an example of B? A是B的一個(gè)例子
the first reason for this is that 首要原因是
寫作文
(1) 注意事項(xiàng)
A. 4段論:開頭(1-2句)+3個(gè)中間段(3-4段)
B. 聽力為主筹燕,閱讀為輔(2:1)(聽力內(nèi)容漲分比較快)
C. 語法正確的前提之下盡可能的多寫
D. 多做同義寫作轧飞,閱讀材料必須改寫
E. 不要發(fā)表自己的觀點(diǎn)
F. 基本時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
(2) 做同義改寫
A. 主動(dòng)變被動(dòng)
B. 同根詞 (e.g. applicant v. apply for)
C. 非謂語&復(fù)合詞
(3) 功能詞
A. 指代人(材料)
L: the speaker / lecturer / professor / listening material / lecture
R: the writer / author / reading material / writing / passage
B. 轉(zhuǎn)述觀點(diǎn)信息
The professor makes the point that / points out / says / tells
C. 轉(zhuǎn)述解釋信息
The professor explains / exemplifies / illustrates / illustrates the idea that...
D. 表示反駁關(guān)系
The lecture contradicts / disapproves / refutes / opposes the idea that...
...is exactly the opposite of, ?make...seem incorrect / ?dubious / ?doubtful, ?prove that... is specious, put... in doubt
E. 表示話題處理
deal with.., ?analyze, ?examine, ?explore, ?is concerned with, ?is about, ?focus on, ?concentrate on, ?investigate
(4) 綜合寫作模板(先寫閱讀)
第一段:The article lists three reasons to explain why.. . while the lecturer refutes each of these suggestions
第二段:First, the reading?claims?that...
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?However, the professor points out...
第三段:Second, the article suggeststhat...
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Again, he / she disagrees by stating that...?
第四段:Third, the article?proposes?that...
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? On the contrary, he / she argues that...
(5) 綜合寫作模板(先寫聽力)
第一段:The speaker discusses why +聽力中心論點(diǎn)
第二段:First,聽力TS1+ 聽力細(xì)節(jié)
This completely?challenges?the saying in the reading that +文章TS1
第三段:Second,聽力TS2+ 聽力細(xì)節(jié)
Again, this directly?rebuts?the point in the reading that +文章TS2
第四段:Third,聽力TS3+ 聽力細(xì)節(jié)
On the contrary, ?the article?suggests?that +?文章TS3