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原文刊載于TIME雜志2015年10月12日
原文標題：Why chasing happiness might be making you miserable
原文作者：Mandy Oaklander
AMERICANS NOW SPEND $9.6 Billion on self-help products every year, including scores of books whose titles all sound something like?A Do-It-Yourself?Prescription for Happiness or?How to?Be Happy, Dammit. But new research suggests that the more you go looking for happiness, the less likely you are to find it.
每一年，美國民眾在心靈自助產(chǎn)品上的花費高達96億美元盯滚，其中包括很多書籍踢械，這些書籍充斥著心靈雞湯，大部分都取名為“讓自己獲得幸福的方法”或者“到底怎樣才能快樂”等等魄藕。但是内列，最新研究表明，過于刻意追尋幸福背率，反倒更難獲得话瞧。
The latest indication comes from a study published in the?Journal of Experimental?Psychology: General.It measured how motivated college students were to find happiness vs. their actual levels of well-being (as assessed by commonly used measures). Common sense dictates that those most gung-ho about finding happiness would also be the ones with higher levels of well-being—and that’s indeed what researchers found for students in Russia and East Asia. But for Americans,“desperately wanting to be happy is linked with lower psychological health,”says study author Brett Ford, a doctoral candidate in psychology at the University of California, Berkeley.
這個最新的研究結(jié)論發(fā)表于《實驗心理學(xué)》雜志。該研究針對大學(xué)生及其同齡人寝姿，使用心理學(xué)的常用實驗方法交排，將個體對幸福的渴求程度及其實際生活的幸福感量化，并進行比對饵筑。我們通常會認為埃篓，一個人對幸福的追求越強烈，那么他對自身的要求也相應(yīng)較高根资。這個說法被研究人員證實是正確的架专，但僅針對俄羅斯及東亞地區(qū)的學(xué)生。來自加州大學(xué)伯克利分校的心理學(xué)博士研究生玄帕，也是該文章的作者部脚，布拉德福特說，就美國學(xué)生而言裤纹，對幸福的強烈渴求與他們的心理亞健康狀態(tài)有關(guān)睛低。
The discrepancy seems to stem from the way di?erent cultures view happiness. In collectivist societies like Japan, for?example, happiness is seen as a social endeavor: spending time with friends,?caring for parents, etc. This kind of social connection is integral to?well-being, Ford says.
不同文化對于幸福的理解有偏差，這造成了今天的分化。例如钱雷，日本是一個集體主義社會，他們對于幸福的理解就更偏社會化吹零，與朋友促膝長談罩抗，照顧父母等等都被他們視為幸福的事。福特說灿椅，這種融入集體的舉動確實會有助于完善自我套蒂。
But in the U.S., happiness is often seen as?an individual pursuit: chasing the best career, buying stu? and expecting all?of that to lead to happiness. That sets up Americans for a lifetime of?letdowns. “Most people live in a pretty neutral state,” Ford says. “A happy?life doesn’t consist of happy moments every moment of the day.”
但是在美國，幸福經(jīng)常被視為是個人追求的成功茫蛹，例如職業(yè)發(fā)展如日中天操刀，買東西不看標簽，期待著所有事情都很開心婴洼，這些目標太容易使人挫敗骨坑，以至于很多美國人總感覺在失望〖聿桑“大部分普通人的生活都是平淡的”欢唾，福特說，“幸福生活并不意味著每一天的每一刻都是開心的粉捻〗盖玻”
The latest science has, however, turned up?some new ways to help you feel better—and none of them involve chasing down?happiness. Here, a sampling of the most e?ective tips.
不過，最新的科學(xué)研究也給了一些新辦法肩刃，雖然它們都不是讓你直接找到幸福祟霍，但至少能給你一些安慰，以下盈包，就是幾個最有效的小技巧：
5 WAYS TO FEEL HAPPIER,?BACKED BY SCIENCE
SCHEDULE FUN ACTIVITIES
In a study last year, people who intentionally created conditions in their daythat were likely to bring about positive emotions—like gardening or seeing afriend—had more happy feelings and fewersymptoms of depression than those whodidn’t.
給自己設(shè)立娛樂活動日程表
去年的一項研究表明沸呐，園藝或者與朋友聚會等能給人帶來積極的情緒，如果你在自己的日程表中刻意添加這些活動续语，你將會比那些沒有活動安排的人們垂谢，感到更加快樂，抑郁情緒也會更少疮茄。
SHIFT YOUR PERSPECTIVE
When people are primed to think of their time as limited, they want to feelserenehappiness more than excited happiness. Past research suggests that whenpeople value calm more, they seekout more relaxing activities.
轉(zhuǎn)換你的視角
一旦意識到時間是有限的滥朱，相比激動人心的時刻，人們將會更愿意享受平靜的時光力试。過去的研究表明徙邻，珍視平淡，你的心情會更放松畸裳。
STAY PRESENT
In one study that had people listen to classical music, those who were told totry to feel as happy as possible ended up in worse moods than those who simplylistened.
享受當(dāng)下
曾經(jīng)有一項關(guān)于聽音樂的研究缰犁，部分人被提前告知要在聽的過程中盡量保持愉快。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)，這些人反倒還不如那些只是單純聽音樂的人開心帅容。
LOWER YOUR EXPECTATIONS
Expecting big fun often leads to the opposite, and that’s what researchersfound when they polled people before and after New Year’s Eve. People who hadelaborate plans thought they’d enjoy their night the most, but they were themost disappointed afterward.
降低你的預(yù)期
研究者們讓人們在新年夜前后投票颇象，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)，希望越大并徘，失望越大遣钳。那些對新年夜提前進行周密計劃的人，到頭來卻是最失望的人麦乞。
SAVOR GREAT MOMENTS
Appreciate and relive wonderful moments?even after they’re over, says Fred Bryant, a psychology professor at Loyola?University Chicago. His research shows that absorbing yourself in a positive?experience—what he calls “savoring”—strongly predicts higher levels of?happiness.
回味美好時刻
芝加哥洛約拉大學(xué)教授弗萊德說蕴茴，當(dāng)激動人心的時刻結(jié)束，反復(fù)持續(xù)地細細品味也是一個好辦法姐直。他的研究表明倦淀，對美好事物的回味（按他的說法叫品嘗快樂），也能極大地提高幸福感声畏。
