在上一篇文章复哆,講了服務(wù)的注冊和發(fā)現(xiàn)。在微服務(wù)架構(gòu)中腌零,業(yè)務(wù)都會被拆分成一個獨立的服務(wù)梯找,服務(wù)與服務(wù)的通訊是基于http restful的。Spring cloud有兩種服務(wù)調(diào)用方式益涧,一種是ribbon+restTemplate初肉,另一種是feign。在這一篇文章首先講解下基于ribbon+rest。
一牙咏、ribbon簡介
Ribbon is a client side load balancer which gives you a lot of control over the behaviour of HTTP and TCP clients. Feign already uses Ribbon, so if you are using @FeignClient then this section also applies.
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ribbon是一個負(fù)載均衡客戶端,可以很好的控制htt和tcp的一些行為嘹裂。Feign默認(rèn)集成了ribbon妄壶。
ribbon 已經(jīng)默認(rèn)實現(xiàn)了這些配置bean:
IClientConfig ribbonClientConfig: DefaultClientConfigImpl
IRule ribbonRule: ZoneAvoidanceRule
IPing ribbonPing: NoOpPing
ServerList<Server> ribbonServerList: ConfigurationBasedServerList
ServerListFilter<Server> ribbonServerListFilter: ZonePreferenceServerListFilter
ILoadBalancer ribbonLoadBalancer: ZoneAwareLoadBalancer
二、準(zhǔn)備工作
這一篇文章基于上一篇文章的工程寄狼,啟動eureka-server 工程丁寄;啟動service-hi工程,它的端口為8762泊愧;將service-hi的配置文件的端口改為8763,并啟動伊磺,這時你會發(fā)現(xiàn):service-hi在eureka-server注冊了2個實例,這就相當(dāng)于一個小的集群删咱。訪問localhost:8761如圖所示:
三屑埋、建一個服務(wù)消費者
重新新建一個spring-boot工程,取名為:service-ribbon;
在它的pom.xml文件分別引入起步依賴spring-cloud-starter-eureka痰滋、spring-cloud-starter-ribbon摘能、spring-boot-starter-web,代碼如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.forezp</groupId>
<artifactId>service-ribbon</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>jar</packaging>
<name>service-ribbon</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>1.5.2.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-ribbon</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>Dalston.RC1</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
<repositories>
<repository>
<id>spring-milestones</id>
<name>Spring Milestones</name>
<url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url>
<snapshots>
<enabled>false</enabled>
</snapshots>
</repository>
</repositories>
</project>
在工程的配置文件指定服務(wù)的注冊中心地址為http://localhost:8761/eureka/敲街,程序名稱為 service-ribbon团搞,程序端口為8764。配置文件application.yml如下:
eureka:
client:
serviceUrl:
defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/
server:
port: 8764
spring:
application:
name: service-ribbon
在工程的啟動類中,通過@EnableDiscoveryClient向服務(wù)中心注冊多艇;并且向程序的ioc注入一個bean: restTemplate;并通過@LoadBalanced注解表明這個restRemplate開啟負(fù)載均衡的功能逻恐。
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class ServiceRibbonApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(ServiceRibbonApplication.class, args);
}
@Bean
@LoadBalanced
RestTemplate restTemplate() {
return new RestTemplate();
}
}
寫一個測試類HelloService,通過之前注入ioc容器的restTemplate來消費service-hi服務(wù)的“/hi”接口峻黍,在這里我們直接用的程序名替代了具體的url地址复隆,在ribbon中它會根據(jù)服務(wù)名來選擇具體的服務(wù)實例,根據(jù)服務(wù)實例在請求的時候會用具體的url替換掉服務(wù)名奸披,代碼如下:
@Service
public class HelloService {
@Autowired
RestTemplate restTemplate;
public String hiService(String name) {
return restTemplate.getForObject("http://SERVICE-HI/hi?name="+name,String.class);
}
}
寫一個controller昏名,在controller中用調(diào)用HelloService 的方法,代碼如下:
/**
* Created by fangzhipeng on 2017/4/6.
*/
@RestController
public class HelloControler {
@Autowired
HelloService helloService;
@RequestMapping(value = "/hi")
public String hi(@RequestParam String name){
return helloService.hiService(name);
}
}
在瀏覽器上多次訪問http://localhost:8764/hi?name=forezp阵面,瀏覽器交替顯示:
hi forezp,i am from port:8762
hi forezp,i am from port:8763
這說明當(dāng)我們通過調(diào)用restTemplate.getForObject("http://SERVICE-HI/hi?name="+name,String.class)方法時轻局,已經(jīng)做了負(fù)載均衡,訪問了不同的端口的服務(wù)實例样刷。
四仑扑、此時的架構(gòu)
- 一個服務(wù)注冊中心,eureka server,端口為8761
- service-hi工程跑了兩個實例置鼻,端口分別為8762,8763镇饮,分別向服務(wù)注冊中心注冊
- sercvice-ribbon端口為8764,向服務(wù)注冊中心注冊
- 當(dāng)sercvice-ribbon通過restTemplate調(diào)用service-hi的hi接口時,因為用ribbon進(jìn)行了負(fù)載均衡箕母,會輪流的調(diào)用service-hi:8762和8763 兩個端口的hi接口储藐;
源碼下載:https://github.com/forezp/SpringCloudLearning/tree/master/chapter2
五俱济、參考資料
本文參考了以下: