基本使用
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait
browser = webdriver.Chrome()
try:
? ? browser.get('https://www.baidu.com')
? ? input = browser.find_element_by_id('kw')
? ? input.send_keys('Python')
? ? input.send_keys(Keys.ENTER)
? ? wait = WebDriverWait(browser, 10)
? ? wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID, 'content_left')))
? ? print(browser.current_url)
? ? print(browser.get_cookies())
? ? print(browser.page_source)
finally:
? ? browser.close()
聲明瀏覽器對(duì)象
from selenium import webdriver
browser = webdriver.Chrome()
browser = webdriver.Firefox()
browser = webdriver.Edge()
browser = webdriver.PhantomJS()
browser = webdriver.Safari()
訪(fǎng)問(wèn)頁(yè)面
from selenium import webdriver
browser = webdriver.Chrome()
browser.get('https://www.taobao.com')
print(browser.page_source)
browser.close()
查找元素
單個(gè)元素
from selenium import webdriver
browser = webdriver.Chrome()
browser.get('https://www.taobao.com')
input_first = browser.find_element_by_id('q')
input_second = browser.find_element_by_css_selector('#q')
input_third = browser.find_element_by_xpath('//*[@id="q"]')
print(input_first, input_second, input_third)
browser.close()
find_element_by_name
find_element_by_xpath
find_element_by_link_text
find_element_by_partial_link_text
find_element_by_tag_name
find_element_by_class_name
find_element_by_css_selector
多個(gè)元素
from selenium import webdriver
browser = webdriver.Chrome()
browser.get('https://www.taobao.com')
lis = browser.find_elements_by_css_selector('.service-bd li')
print(lis)
browser.close()
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
browser = webdriver.Chrome()
browser.get('https://www.taobao.com')
lis = browser.find_elements(By.CSS_SELECTOR, '.service-bd li')
print(lis)
browser.close()
find_elements_by_name
find_elements_by_xpath
* find_elements_by_link_text
* find_elements_by_partial_link_text
* find_elements_by_tag_name
* find_elements_by_class_name
* find_elements_by_css_selector
元素交互操作
對(duì)獲取的元素調(diào)用交互方法
from selenium import webdriver
import time
browser = webdriver.Chrome()
browser.get('https://www.taobao.com')
input = browser.find_element_by_id('q')
input.send_keys('iPhone')
time.sleep(1)
input.clear()
input.send_keys('iPad')
button = browser.find_element_by_class_name('btn-search')
button.click()
更多操作:?http://selenium-python.readthedocs.io/api.html#module-selenium.webdriver.remote.webelement
交互動(dòng)作
將動(dòng)作附加到動(dòng)作鏈中串行執(zhí)行
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains
browser = webdriver.Chrome()
url = 'http://www.runoob.com/try/try.php?filename=jqueryui-api-droppable'
browser.get(url)
browser.switch_to.frame('iframeResult')
source = browser.find_element_by_css_selector('#draggable')
target = browser.find_element_by_css_selector('#droppable')
actions = ActionChains(browser)
actions.drag_and_drop(source, target)
actions.perform()
更多操作:?http://selenium-python.readthedocs.io/api.html#module-selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains
執(zhí)行JavaScript
from selenium import webdriver
browser = webdriver.Chrome()
browser.get('https://www.zhihu.com/explore')
browser.execute_script('window.scrollTo(0, document.body.scrollHeight)')
browser.execute_script('alert("To Bottom")')
獲取元素信息
獲取屬性
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains
browser = webdriver.Chrome()
url = 'https://www.zhihu.com/explore'
browser.get(url)
logo = browser.find_element_by_id('zh-top-link-logo')
print(logo)
print(logo.get_attribute('class'))
獲取文本值
from selenium import webdriver
browser = webdriver.Chrome()
url = 'https://www.zhihu.com/explore'
browser.get(url)
input = browser.find_element_by_class_name('zu-top-add-question')
print(input.text)
獲取ID、位置、標(biāo)簽名愉择、大小
from selenium import webdriver
browser = webdriver.Chrome()
url = 'https://www.zhihu.com/explore'
browser.get(url)
input = browser.find_element_by_class_name('zu-top-add-question')
print(input.id)
print(input.location)
print(input.tag_name)
print(input.size)
Frame
import time
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.common.exceptions import NoSuchElementException
browser = webdriver.Chrome()
url = 'http://www.runoob.com/try/try.php?filename=jqueryui-api-droppable'
browser.get(url)
browser.switch_to.frame('iframeResult')
source = browser.find_element_by_css_selector('#draggable')
print(source)
try:
? ? logo = browser.find_element_by_class_name('logo')
except NoSuchElementException:
? ? print('NO LOGO')
browser.switch_to.parent_frame()
logo = browser.find_element_by_class_name('logo')
print(logo)
print(logo.text)
等待
隱式等待
????????當(dāng)使用了隱式等待執(zhí)行測(cè)試的時(shí)候廷雅，如果 WebDriver沒(méi)有在 DOM中找到元素炕淮，將繼續(xù)等待，超出設(shè)定時(shí)間后則拋出找不到元素的異常, 換句話(huà)說(shuō)，當(dāng)查找元素或元素并沒(méi)有立即出現(xiàn)的時(shí)候燕雁，隱式等待將等待一段時(shí)間再查找 DOM螟碎，默認(rèn)的時(shí)間是0
from selenium import webdriver
browser = webdriver.Chrome()
browser.implicitly_wait(10)
browser.get('https://www.zhihu.com/explore')
input = browser.find_element_by_class_name('zu-top-add-question')
print(input)
顯式等待
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
browser = webdriver.Chrome()
browser.get('https://www.taobao.com/')
wait = WebDriverWait(browser, 10)
input = wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID, 'q')))
button = wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.CSS_SELECTOR, '.btn-search')))
print(input, button)
*? title_is 標(biāo)題是某內(nèi)容
*? title_contains 標(biāo)題包含某內(nèi)容
*? presence_of_element_located 元素加載出眉菱，傳入定位元組，如(By.ID, 'p')
*? visibility_of_element_located 元素可見(jiàn)掉分，傳入定位元組
*? visibility_of 可見(jiàn)倍谜，傳入元素對(duì)象
*? presence_of_all_elements_located 所有元素加載出
*? text_to_be_present_in_element 某個(gè)元素文本包含某文字
*? text_to_be_present_in_element_value 某個(gè)元素值包含某文字
*? frame_to_be_available_and_switch_to_it frame加載并切換
*? invisibility_of_element_located 元素不可見(jiàn)
*? element_to_be_clickable 元素可點(diǎn)擊
*? staleness_of 判斷一個(gè)元素是否仍在DOM，可判斷頁(yè)面是否已經(jīng)刷新
*? element_to_be_selected 元素可選擇叉抡，傳元素對(duì)象
*? element_located_to_be_selected 元素可選擇尔崔，傳入定位元組
*? element_selection_state_to_be 傳入元素對(duì)象以及狀態(tài)，相等返回True褥民，否則返回False
*? element_located_selection_state_to_be 傳入定位元組以及狀態(tài)季春，相等返回True，否則返回False
*? alert_is_present 是否出現(xiàn)Alert
詳細(xì)內(nèi)容：http://selenium-python.readthedocs.io/api.html#module-
selenium.webdriver.support.expected_conditions
前進(jìn)后退
import time
from selenium import webdriver
browser = webdriver.Chrome()
browser.get('https://www.baidu.com/')
browser.get('https://www.taobao.com/')
browser.get('https://www.python.org/')
browser.back()
time.sleep(1)
browser.forward()
browser.close()
Cookies
from selenium import webdriver
browser = webdriver.Chrome()
browser.get('https://www.zhihu.com/explore')
print(browser.get_cookies())
browser.add_cookie({'name': 'name', 'domain': 'www.zhihu.com', 'value': 'germey'})
print(browser.get_cookies())
browser.delete_all_cookies()
print(browser.get_cookies())
選項(xiàng)卡管理
import time
from selenium import webdriver
browser = webdriver.Chrome()
browser.get('https://www.baidu.com')
browser.execute_script('window.open()')
print(browser.window_handles)
browser.switch_to_window(browser.window_handles[1])
browser.get('https://www.taobao.com')
time.sleep(1)
browser.switch_to_window(browser.window_handles[0])
browser.get('https://python.org')
異常處理
from selenium import webdriver
browser = webdriver.Chrome()
browser.get('https://www.baidu.com')
browser.find_element_by_id('hello')
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.common.exceptions import TimeoutException, NoSuchElementException
browser = webdriver.Chrome()
try:
? ? browser.get('https://www.baidu.com')
except TimeoutException:
? ? print('Time Out')
try:
? ? browser.find_element_by_id('hello')
except NoSuchElementException:
? ? print('No Element')
finally:
? ? browser.close()
詳細(xì)文檔：http://selenium-python.readthedocs.io/api.html#module-selenium.common.exceptions
