What can be done about mass unemployment? All the wise heads agree: there're no quick or any answers. There's work to be done, but workers aren't ready to do it-they're in the wrong places, or they have the wrong skills. Our problem are "structural," and will take many years to solve.
如何解決大規(guī)模失業(yè)問題，所有精英人士均認(rèn)為，沒有快速簡單的解決辦法，工作是有的，但是工人還沒有準(zhǔn)備好去做砸民，他們處在不合適的職位或是擁有的技能不匹配，我們的問題是結(jié)構(gòu)性問題奋救，需要從長計(jì)議岭参。

But don't bother asking for evidence that justifies this bleak view. There isn't any. On the contrary, all the facts suggest that high unemployment in America is the result of inadequate demand. Saying that there're no easy answers sounds wise, but it's actually foolish: our unemployment crisis could be cured very quickly if we had the intellectual clarity and political will to act. In other words, structural unemployment is a fake problem, which mainly serves as an excuse for not pursuing real solutions.
但是不必麻煩去尋找，有哪些證據(jù)證明了這個(gè)蹩腳的觀點(diǎn)尝艘，沒有任何證據(jù)相反演侯，所有的事實(shí)都表明美國的高失業(yè)率是需求不足的結(jié)果，聲稱沒有簡單的解決方案利耍，聽起來很明智蚌本，但實(shí)際上很愚蠢，如果我們保持著清晰的思路和政治意愿去行動(dòng)隘梨，我們的失業(yè)危機(jī)就可以很快得到解決程癌，換言之，結(jié)構(gòu)性失業(yè)是一個(gè)虛假的問題轴猎，其主要是為不去尋找真正的解決方案提供一個(gè)借口嵌莉。

The fact is job openings have plunged in every major sector, while the number of workers forced into part-time employment in almost all industries has soared. Unemployment has surged in every major occupational category. Only three states, with a combined population not much larger than that of Brooklyn, have unemployment rates below 5%. So the evidence contradicts the claim that we're mainly suffering from structural unemployment. Why, then, has this claim become so popular?
事實(shí)上在各個(gè)重要行業(yè)，就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)都急劇下降捻脖，而幾乎在所有行業(yè)里锐峭，被迫從事兼職工作的人，數(shù)量卻在飆升可婶，每個(gè)重要工種的失業(yè)率都在激增沿癞，僅有三個(gè)州的失業(yè)率低于5%，而這三個(gè)州的人口之和都不及一個(gè)布魯克林的人口矛渴，因此這一證據(jù)反駁了我們主要受結(jié)構(gòu)性失業(yè)影響的這一說法椎扬，那么為什么這種說法會(huì)如此流行呢？

Part of the answer is that this is what always happens during periods of high unemployment——in part because experts and analysts believe that declaring the problem the problem deeply rooted, with no easy answers, makes them sound serious.
部分原因是這種情況總發(fā)生在高失業(yè)率期間具温，在某種程度上因?yàn)閷＜液头治鰧＜蚁嘈挪系樱紱]有簡單解決方案的根深蒂固的問題，會(huì)讓他們聽起來非常嚴(yán)重铣猩。

I've been looking at what self-proclaimed experts were saying about unemployment during the Great Depression; it was almost identical to what Very Serious People are saying now. Unemployment cannot be brought down rapidly, declared one 1935 analysis, because the workforce is "unadaptable and untrained. It cannot respond to the opportunities which industry may offer." A few years later, a large defense buildup finally provided a fiscal stimulus adequate to the economy's needs-and suddenly industry was eager to employ those "unadaptable and untrained" workers.
我查看了大蕭條時(shí)期自稱專家的人關(guān)于事業(yè)發(fā)表的言論揖铜，幾乎和現(xiàn)在認(rèn)真負(fù)責(zé)的人所說的一模一樣，1935年的一份分析宣稱失業(yè)率不可能迅速下降达皿，因?yàn)閯趧?dòng)力缺乏適應(yīng)能力與專業(yè)訓(xùn)練天吓，其并不能應(yīng)對(duì)工業(yè)發(fā)展所提供的機(jī)會(huì)，幾年后鳞绕，大規(guī)模的國防建設(shè)最終提供了滿足經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展需求的財(cái)政刺激失仁，工業(yè)發(fā)展突然開始迫切需要雇傭那些缺乏適應(yīng)能力與專業(yè)訓(xùn)練的工人。

But now, as then, powerful forces are ideologically opposed to the whole idea of government action on a sufficient scale to jump-start the economy. And that, fundamentally, is why claims that we face huge structural problems have been multiplying: they offer a reason to do nothing about the mass unemployment that is crippling our economy and our society.
但是現(xiàn)在如同那時(shí)一樣们何，強(qiáng)權(quán)勢力在思想上就反對(duì)政府采取大規(guī)模的行動(dòng)以推動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的整體理念萄焦，從根本上講，這就是為什么聲稱我們面臨巨大的結(jié)構(gòu)性失業(yè)問題的言論不斷的增多冤竹，他們?yōu)閷?duì)削弱我們經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)的大規(guī)模失業(yè)無所作為提供了一個(gè)理由拂封。

So what you need to know is that there's no evidence whatsoever to back these claims. We aren't suffering from a shortage of needed skills; we're suffering from a lack of policy resolve. As I said, structural unemployment isn’t real problem, it's an excuse——a reason not to act on America's problems at a time when action is desperately needed.
所以你需要知道的是沒有任何證據(jù)支持這些言論，我們并不缺少必備技能鹦蠕，我們?nèi)鄙俚氖钦呔戎扒缥覀兯f，結(jié)構(gòu)性失業(yè)并不是一個(gè)真正的問題钟病，而是一個(gè)借口萧恕，一個(gè)每當(dāng)迫切需要行動(dòng)時(shí)刚梭，卻對(duì)美國的問題不采取行動(dòng)的理由。