1.turbine/?t??b?n, -ba?n/CET6+ TEM8( turbines )
1.N-COUNTAturbineis a machine or engine which uses a stream of air, gas, water, or steam to turn a wheel and produce power. 渦輪機(jī)
例：The new ship will be powered by two gas turbines and four diesel engines.
那艘新輪船將由2臺燃?xì)鉁u輪機(jī)和4臺柴油機(jī)驅(qū)動
2.manure/m??nj??/TEM8( manures )
1.N-MASSManureis animal faeces, sometimes mixed with chemicals, that is spread on the ground in order to make plants grow healthy and strong. 肥料
例：...bags of manure.
…一袋袋的肥料。
3.all told
adv.with everything included or counted ? ? ?同義詞：altogetherin all
4.handsomely[ 'h?ns?mli ]
adv.in an attractively handsome manner
"the volume was handsomely bound"
in a generously handsome manner
"India has responded handsomely by providing 3,000 men"
5.subsidy/?s?bs?d?/CET6 TEM4( subsidies )
1.N-COUNTAsubsidyis money that is paid by a government or other authority in order to help an industry or business, or to pay for a public service. 補(bǔ)貼金
例：European farmers are planning a massive demonstration against farm subsidy cuts.
歐洲的農(nóng)場主們正在策劃一場反對削減農(nóng)場補(bǔ)貼的大游行全庸。
6.surplus/?s??pl?s/CET4 TEM4( surpluses )
1.N-VARIf there is asurplusofsomething, there is more than is needed. 過剩
例：...countries where there is a surplus of labour.
…勞動力過剩的國家厌蔽。
2.ADJSurplusis used to describe something that is extra or that is more than is needed. 過剩的; 多余的
例：Few people have large sums of surplus cash.
幾乎沒人有大筆的閑錢允坚。
例：I sell my surplus birds to a local pet shop.
我把我多余的鳥賣給一家當(dāng)?shù)氐膶櫸锏辍?/p>
3.N-COUNTIf a country has a tradesurplus, it exports more than it imports. 順差
例：Japan's annual trade surplus is in the region of 100 billion dollars.
日本每年的貿(mào)易順差約有一千億美元。
4.N-COUNTIf a government has a budgetsurplus, it has spent less than it received in taxes. 盈余
例：Norway's budget surplus has fallen from 5.9% in 1986 to an expected 0.1% this year.
挪威的預(yù)算盈余已從1986年的5.9%下降到今年預(yù)計(jì)的0.1%扣溺。
7.anathema/??n?θ?m?/
1.N-UNCOUNTIf something isanathematoyou, you strongly dislike it. 令人非常厭惡的事[usu N 'to' n]
例：Violence was anathema to them.
暴力是他們非常厭惡的事
8.utility/ju??t?l?t?/CET4 TEM4( utilities )
1.N-COUNTAutilityis an important service such as water, electricity, or gas that is provided for everyone, and that everyone pays for. 公用事業(yè)
例：...public utilities such as gas, electricity and phones.
…煤氣、電和電話等公用事業(yè)。
9.incumbent/?n?k?mb?nt/CET6+ TEM8( incumbents )
1.N-COUNTAnincumbentis someone who holds an official post at a particular time. 在職者[正式]
例：
In general, incumbents have a 94 percent chance of being re-elected.
一般情況下溉贿，現(xiàn)任官員有94%的幾率會再次當(dāng)選。
2.ADJIncumbentis also an adjective. 在職的[ADJ n]
例：...the only candidate who defeated an incumbent senator.
…惟一擊敗了現(xiàn)任參議員的候選人浦旱。
3.ADJIf it ? is incumbent on or upon you to do something, it is your duty or responsibility to do it. 有責(zé)任履行的[正式]
例：She felt it was incumbent on herself to act immediately.
她感到立即采取行動是她義不容辭的責(zé)任宇色。
10.decarbonise無碳發(fā)電
11.disruptive/d?s?r?pt?v/
1.ADJTo be disruptive means to prevent something from continuing or operating in a normal way. 妨礙的; 擾亂的
例：Alcohol can produce violent, disruptive behaviour.
酒能促成暴力的和破壞性的行為。
12.reasonably[ 'ri:zn?bli ]
adv.to a moderately sufficient extent or degree
"the shoes are priced reasonably"
同義詞：moderatelywithin ?reasonsomewhatfairlymiddlingpassably
with good sense or in a reasonable or intelligent manner
"acted quite reasonably"
13.to date
adv.prior to the present time
14.emission-trading排污權(quán)交易
排污權(quán)交易的概念排污權(quán)交易（Emission Trading）是指在一定區(qū)域內(nèi)颁湖，基于總量控制的前提宣蠕， 各污染源之間通過市場手段進(jìn)行排放權(quán)利的交易，從而控制污染物的排放甥捺。
15.scheme/ski?m/CET4 TEM4( scheming, schemed, schemes )
1.N-COUNTA scheme is someone's plan for achieving something, especially something that will bring them some benefit. 計(jì)劃
例：...a quick money-making scheme to get us through the summer.
…一個(gè)能讓我們迅速賺到錢以順利度過這個(gè)夏季的計(jì)劃抢蚀。
例：They would first have to work out some scheme for getting the treasure out.
他們首先得想出某種計(jì)劃把珍寶取出來。
2.V-T/V-IIf you say that people are scheming, you mean that they are making secret plans in order to gain something for themselves. 密謀[oft cont][表不滿]
例：Everyone's always scheming and plotting.
每個(gè)人時(shí)刻都在算計(jì)和謀劃镰禾。
例：The bride's family were scheming to prevent a wedding.
新娘的家人在密謀阻止婚禮皿曲。
3.N-COUNTA scheme is a plan or arrangement involving many people which is made by a government or other organization. (政府或其他機(jī)構(gòu)的) 大規(guī)模計(jì)劃[英國英語]
例：...a private pension scheme.
…一個(gè)私人養(yǎng)老金計(jì)劃。
4.PHRASEWhen people talk aboutthe scheme of things or the grand scheme of things, they are referring to the way that everything in the world seems to be organized. 天地萬物的格局
例：We realize that we are infinitely small within the scheme of things.
我們認(rèn)識到在大千世界中我們是極其渺小的羡微。
16.revenue neutral
(改革稅制)使稅收增減為零
Neutral 中立的
17.perennial 1 ?adj ? / p?'reni?l ?; p?ˋr?n??l ?/
英 ?/ p?'reni?l /
1continuing or existing for a long time, or happening again and again 持續(xù)的谷饿；長久的；反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的
Lack of resources has been a perennial problem since the beginning.
財(cái)力不足從最初起就一直是個(gè)問題妈倔。
Teddy bears are a perennial favorite with children.
泰迪熊一直受到孩子們的喜愛博投。
2.a plant that is perennial lives for more than two years 〔植物〕多年生的
→ annual
18. Economy -wide
經(jīng)濟(jì)范圍內(nèi)
19.rebate ?TEM8
名詞讀作?ri?be?t。動詞讀作r??be?t盯蝴。
1.N-COUNT A rebate is an amount of money which is returned to you after you have paid for goods or services or after you have paid tax or rent. (支付后的) 退款; (稅金或租金的) 返還部分
Citicorp will guarantee its credit card customers a rebate on a number of products.
花旗銀行將保證其信用卡用戶在一些商品上得到退款毅哗。
2.V to deduct (a part) of a payment from (the total) (從總支付款中部分)扣除
20.glut n [C usually singular 一般用單數(shù)] ? / ɡl?t ?; gl?t ?/
英 ?/ ɡl?t /
1.a supply of something, especially a product or crop, that is more than is needed 供應(yīng)過剩
OPP shortage
[+ of ]
a glut of oil on the world market
國際市場石油供過于求
glut 2 ?v [T]
英( past tense and past participle glutted , present participle glutting )
1.to cause something to have too much of something 使供應(yīng)過剩，充斥
the glutted property market
已經(jīng)飽和的房地產(chǎn)市場 ?
21.shale-gas頁巖氣
22.stark 1 ?adj ? / stɑ?k ?; stɑrk ?/
英 ?/ stɑ?k /
1.very plain in appearance, with little or no colour or decoration 〔外表〕簡陋的捧挺；無修飾的虑绵，荒涼的
In the cold dawn light, the castle looked stark and forbidding.
在寒冷的曙光中，城堡看上去了無生氣闽烙，令人生畏翅睛。
the stark beauty of New Mexico
新墨西哥州的荒涼之美
2.unpleasantly clear and impossible to avoid 明擺著的；嚴(yán)酷的
SYN harsh
The movie shows the stark realities of life in the ghetto.
這部影片展示了貧民區(qū)生活的嚴(yán)酷現(xiàn)實(shí)黑竞。
The extreme poverty of the local people is in stark contrast to the wealth of the tourists.
當(dāng)?shù)鼐用竦臉O度貧困和游客的富裕形成鮮明的對比捕发。
We are faced with a stark choice .
我們面臨殘酷的選擇。
stark 2 ?adv
英
1.stark naked
not wearing any clothes at all 一絲不掛的很魂，赤裸裸的
Ben was standing there stark naked.
本一絲不掛地站在那里扎酷。
2.stark raving mad/bonkers ( also 又作 stark staring mad BrE 【英】 )
completely crazy 完全瘋了的
He’s gone stark raving mad.
他已經(jīng)完全瘋了。 ?
23.slump from ....to...
slump 1 ?v [I] ? / sl?mp ?; sl?mp ?/
英 ?/ sl?mp /
1.to fall or lean against something because you are not strong enough to stand 〔因無力站立而〕倒下遏匆，倚法挨，靠
[+ against/over/back etc ]
She slumped against the wall.
她身子一歪倚在了墻上谁榜。
Carol slumped back in her chair, defeated.
卡蘿爾頹然倒在椅子上。
Ben staggered and slumped onto the floor.
本踉蹌著栽倒在地板上凡纳。
2.to suddenly go down in price, value, or number 〔價(jià)格窃植、價(jià)值或數(shù)量〕暴跌，驟降
OPP soar
Sales slumped by 20% last year.
去年銷售額驟減 20%惫企。
[+ to ]
The currency slumped to a record low.
幣值跌到了歷史低點(diǎn)撕瞧。
3.( also 又作 be slumped )
if your shoulders or head slump or are slumped, they bend forward because you are unhappy, tired, or unconscious 〔肩或腦袋〕耷拉著〔由于不開心陵叽、疲倦或失去知覺〕
Her shoulders slumped and her eyes filled with tears.
她耷拉著雙肩狞尔，眼里噙滿淚水。
slump 2 ?n [C usually singular 一般用單數(shù)]
英
1.a sudden decrease in prices, sales, profits etc 〔價(jià)格巩掺、銷售額偏序、利潤等的〕突然下跌
[+ in ]
a slump in car sales
汽車銷售量的驟降
2.a period when there is a reduction in business and many people lose their jobs 〔經(jīng)濟(jì)的〕不景氣，蕭條
OPP boom
The war was followed by an economic slump.
戰(zhàn)后出現(xiàn)了經(jīng)濟(jì)蕭條胖替。
a worldwide slump
全球性的經(jīng)濟(jì)蕭條
3.a period when a player or team does not play well 〔運(yùn)動員或運(yùn)動隊(duì)的〕低迷期
in a slump
The Dodgers have been in a slump for the last three weeks.
道奇隊(duì)在過去三周里一直處于低迷期研儒。 ?
24.havoc ?n [U] ? / 'h?v?k ?; ˋh?v?k ?/
英 ?/ 'h?v?k /
1.a situation in which there is a lot of damage or a lack of order, especially so that it is difficult for something to continue in the normal way 災(zāi)難；混亂
SYN chaos
policies that would wreak havoc on the country’s economy
會危害該國經(jīng)濟(jì)的政策
Rain has continued to play havoc with sporting events.
下雨一直影響著體育比賽的進(jìn)行独令。
cause/create havoc
A strike will cause havoc for commuters.
罷工將給乘車上下班的人造成混亂端朵。
25.indebtedin?debt?ed ?adj ? / ?n'det?d ??n'det?d ?; ?nˋd?t?d ?/
英 ?/ ?n'det?d /
1.be (deeply/greatly) indebted to sb
to be very grateful to someone for the help they have given you 對某人(十分)感激
We are deeply indebted to Dr Alien.
我們非常感謝阿利安博士。
2.owing money to someone 負(fù)債的
the 17 most heavily indebted nations
17個(gè)負(fù)債最重的國家
25.write off
(writing, wrote, written, writes)
1.PHRASAL VERB If someone writes off a debt or an amount of money that has been spent on a project, they accept that they are never going to get the money back. 勾銷 (債款等)
It was the president who persuaded the West to write off Polish debts.
是總統(tǒng)說服西方國家勾銷波蘭債務(wù)的燃箭。
2.PHRASAL VERB If you write someone or something off, you decide that they are unimportant or useless and that they are not worth further serious attention. 摒棄
He is fed up with people writing him off because of his age.
他受夠了人們因其年齡而摒棄他冲呢。
His critics write him off as too cautious to succeed.
評論他的人認(rèn)為他不值得重視，說他太謹(jǐn)慎以致難以成功招狸。
3.PHRASAL VERB If you write off a plan or project, you accept that it is not going to be successful and do not continue with it. 放棄 (計(jì)劃或項(xiàng)目等)
We decided to write off the rest of the day and go shopping.
我們決定放棄那天余下的時(shí)間而去購物敬拓。
26.deployment / di:'pl?im?nt /
n.1.【軍事】
2.(部隊(duì)的)展開
3.(讓航空部隊(duì)在國外基地駐守向海上)出動艦隊(duì)
27.shift to 轉(zhuǎn)入
28.marginal ?adj ? AC / 'mɑ?d??n ? l ?'mɑ?d??n ? l ?; ˋmɑrd??n? ?/
英 ?/ 'mɑ?d??n ? l /
1.a marginal change or difference is too small to be important 小的，微不足道的裙戏，不重要的
OPP significant
a marginal increase in the unemployment figures
失業(yè)人數(shù)的小幅增加
a marginal improvement in profits
利潤的小幅提高
2.relating to a change in cost, value etc when one more thing is produced, one more dollar is earned etc technical 邊際的
marginal revenue
邊際收益
3.marginal seat/constituency
a seat in a parliament or similar institution, which can be won or lost by a small number of votes 〔議會或類似機(jī)構(gòu)中以少量票數(shù)分勝負(fù)的〕邊緣席位/選區(qū)
29.deregulated
英 [?di:?regjule?t]美 [di?r?ɡj??let]
vt.解除管制乘凸；vi.解除控制；
變形過去式：deregulated過去分詞：deregulated現(xiàn)在分詞：deregulating第三人稱單數(shù)：
例：...the need to deregulate the U.S. airline industry.
…解除對美國航空業(yè)管制的需要
30.merit
The merit order is a way of ranking available sources of energy, especially electrical generation, in ascending order of their short-run marginal costs of production, so that those with the lowest marginal costs are the first ones to be brought online to meet demand, and the plants with the highest marginal costs are the last to be brought on line.
31.at first blush
乍一看累榜；乍一想营勤；經(jīng)初步考慮；據(jù)初步印象
事先無準(zhǔn)備地壹罚，即席地
32.intermittent
intermittent/??nt??m?t?nt/CET6 TEM8
1.ADJSomething that isintermittenthappens occasionally rather than continuously. 斷斷續(xù)續(xù)的
例：After three hours of intermittent rain, the game was abandoned.
雨斷斷續(xù)續(xù)地下了3個(gè)小時(shí)之后葛作，比賽被取消了。
2.intermittentlyADV斷斷續(xù)續(xù)地
例：The talks went on intermittently for three years.
會談斷斷續(xù)續(xù)地進(jìn)行了3年渔嚷。
33.in practice事實(shí)上进鸠，實(shí)際上
34.hydroelectric/?ha?dr????l?ktr?k/(also hydro-electric)TEM8
1.ADJHydroelectricmeans relating to or involving electricity made from the energy of running water. 水力發(fā)電的[ADJ n]
35.reach out ?to
把手伸向，接觸meet,come in contact with
?1.They havetoreachouttothe masses, while maintaining their core skating image.
?2.It now has a membership of 100 universities, through which it canreachoutto5 million students.
UNESCO:Open Educational Resources
?3."Ray did a lot of worktoreachouttothe people being considered, " Wohl said.
36. in the doldrums
doldrums/?d?ldr?mz/TEM8
1.PHRASEIf an activity or situation isin the doldrums, it is very quiet and nothing new or exciting is happening. 無生氣的
例：The economy is in the doldrums.
經(jīng)濟(jì)毫無生氣形病。
37.constraink?n?stre?n/CET6 TEM8( constraining, constrained, constrains )
1.V-TToconstrainsomeone or something means to limit their development or force them to behave in a particular way. 限制; 迫使[正式]
例：Women are too often constrained by family commitments and by low expectations.
女性往往受家庭職責(zé)及低期望值約束客年。
同近義詞析vt. 驅(qū)使霞幅；強(qiáng)迫；束縛chain,bound,force,provoke,enforce
38cover peaks in demand覆蓋需求高峰
peaks
peak/pi?k/CET4 TEM4( peaking, peaked, peaks )
1.N-COUNTThepeakof a process or an activity is the point at which it is at its strongest, most successful, or most fully developed. (過程量瓜、活動的) 頂峰
例：The firm has slashed its workforce from a peak of 150,000 in 2000.
2000年那家公司把其員工從15萬峰值進(jìn)行了大幅裁減司恳。
例：...a flourishing career that was at its peak at the time of his death.
…在他去世時(shí)處于鼎盛時(shí)期的興旺事業(yè)。
2.V-IWhen somethingpeaks, it reaches its highest value or its highest level. 達(dá)到峰值
例Temperatures have peaked at over 90 degrees.
溫度已達(dá)到峰值绍傲，超過了90度扔傅。
3.ADJThepeaklevel or value of something is its highest level or value. 峰值的[ADJ n]
例：Today's price is 59% lower than the peak level of $1.5 million.
今天的價(jià)格比150萬美元的峰值水平低了59%。
4.ADJPeaktimes are the times when there is most demand for something or most use of something. 高峰的 (時(shí)期)[ADJ n]
例：It's always crowded at peak times.
在高峰期總是很擁擠烫饼。
5.N-COUNTApeakis a mountain or the top of a mountain. 山峰
例：...the snow-covered peaks.
…白雪覆蓋的山峰猎塞。
6.N-COUNTThepeakof a cap is the part at the front that sticks out over your eyes. 帽檐[英國英語]
例：His eyes were shaded by the peak of his cap.
他的眼睛被帽檐遮住。
39.cling /kl??/CET4 TEM4( clinging, clung, clings )
1.V-IIf youclingtosomeone or something, you hold onto them tightly. 緊緊抓住
例：Another man was rescued as he clung to the riverbank.
另一個(gè)男人因?yàn)榫o緊抓住了河堤而被救了杠纵。
例：She had to cling onto the door handle until the pain passed.
她不得不緊緊抓住門的把手荠耽，直到疼痛消失為止。
2.V-IIf someoneclingstoa position or a possession they have, they do everything they can to keep it even though this may be very difficult. 固守
例：Instead, he appears determined to cling to power.
反而比藻，他看來堅(jiān)決要握緊權(quán)力不放铝量。
例：Another congressman clung on with a majority of only 18.
另一位國會議員在獲得僅僅18張多數(shù)票的情況下保住了位子。
40.diesel/?di?z?l/CET6+ TEM4( diesels )
1.N-MASSDieselordiesel oilis the heavy fuel used in a diesel engine. 柴油
2.N-COUNTAdieselis a vehicle which has a diesel engine. 柴油車
例：I keep hearing that diesels are better now than ever before.
我總聽說現(xiàn)在的柴油車比以往的都好银亲。
41.dulld?l/CET4 TEM4( dulling, dulled, duller, dulls, dullest )
1.ADJIf you describe someone or something asdull, you mean they are not interesting or exciting. 沉悶的; 乏味的[表不滿]
例：I felt she found me boring and dull.
我覺得她認(rèn)為我令人厭煩而又乏味慢叨。
2.dullnessN-UNCOUNT沉悶; 乏味
例：They enjoy anything that breaks the dullness of their routine life.
他們喜愛能打破他們規(guī)律生活的沉悶的任何事情。
3.ADJSomeone or something that isdullis not very lively or energetic. 無精打采的; 無生氣的
例：The body's natural rhythms mean we all feel dull and sleepy between 1 and 3 pm.
身體的自然節(jié)律造成我們在下午1點(diǎn)至3點(diǎn)間都會感到無精打采务蝠、昏昏欲睡拍谐。
4.dullyADV無精打采地; 了無生氣地[ADV after v]
例：His giant face had a rough growth of stubble, his eyes looked dully ahead.
他寬大的臉龐上長著粗硬的胡子茬，眼睛黯然無神地看著前方请梢。
5.ADJAdullcolour or light is not bright. 黯淡的
例：The stamp was a dark, dull blue colour with a heavy black postmark.
這枚郵票是模糊的暗藍(lán)色的赠尾，上面蓋著一個(gè)粗黑色的郵戳。
6.dullyADV黯淡地[ADV with v]
例：The street lamps gleamed dully through the night's mist.
街燈透過夜的薄霧隱約地閃現(xiàn)毅弧。
7.ADJYou say the weather isdullwhen it is very cloudy. (天氣) 陰沉的
例：It's always dull and raining.
天老是陰沉沉的气嫁，下著雨。
8.ADJDullsounds are not very clear or loud. 低沉而模糊的
例：The coffin closed with a dull thud.
隨著一聲沉悶地撞擊聲够坐，棺材合上了寸宵。
9.dullyADV低沉而模糊地[ADV after v]
例：He heard his heart thump dully but more quickly.
他聽見他的心跳低沉但卻更急速。
10.ADJDullfeelings are weak and not intense. 微弱的[ADJ n]
例：The pain, usually a dull ache, gets worse with exercise.
這種疼痛元咙，通常是隱隱作痛梯影，運(yùn)動時(shí)會加劇。
11.dullyADV微弱地
例：His arm throbbed dully.
他的手臂微微地顫動庶香。
12.V-T/V-IIf somethingdullsor if itis dulled, it becomes less intense, bright, or lively. 使…變?nèi)?變暗/變得無生氣; 變?nèi)?變暗/變得無生氣
例：Her eyes dulled and she gazed blankly.
她雙目變得黯然無神甲棍，茫然凝神。
42.insulate
insulate/??nsj??le?t/CET6 TEM8( insulating, insulated, insulates )
1.V-TToinsulatesomething such as a building means to protect it from cold, heat, or noise by placing a layer of other material around it or inside it. 使隔 (冷) 熱; 使隔音
例：
People should insulate their homes to conserve energy.
人們應(yīng)該使住房隔冷以保存能量赶掖。
例：Is there any way we can insulate our home from the noise?
有什么辦法能使我們家隔音嗎感猛？
2.V-TIf a piece of equipmentis insulated, it is covered with rubber or plastic to prevent electricity from passing through it and giving the person using it an electric shock. 使絕緣
例：In order to make it safe, the element is electrically insulated.
為安全起見七扰，該元件做了絕緣處理。
3.V-TIf a person or groupis insulatedfromthe rest of society or from outside influences, they are protected from them. 使隔離
例：They wonder if their community is no longer insulated from big city problems.
他們想知道他們的社區(qū)是否不再與那些大城市的問題隔離陪白。
4.insulation N-UNCOUNT 隔絕
例：They lived in happy insulation from brutal facts.
他們生活在幸福中颈走，與殘酷事實(shí)相隔絕。
43.drag down
1.Vto depress or demoralize 使沮喪
例：the flu really dragged her down
44.vicious/?v???s/CET6 TEM4
1.ADJAviciousperson or aviciousblow is violent and cruel. 兇殘的
例：He was a cruel and vicious man.
他是一個(gè)殘忍而兇惡的人咱士。
例：He suffered a vicious attack by a gang of white youths.
他遭到了一幫白人青年兇殘的攻擊立由。
2.viciouslyADV兇殘地
例：She had been viciously attacked with a hammer.
她曾被人用錘子兇殘地襲擊過。
3.ADJAviciousremark is cruel and intended to upset someone. 惡毒的
例：It is a deliberate, nasty and vicious attack on a young man's character.
這是對一位青年的人格蓄意的序厉、下流的和惡毒的攻擊锐膜。
4.viciouslyADV惡毒地[ADV with v]
例："He deserved to die," said Penelope viciously.
“他該死，” 佩內(nèi)洛普惡毒地說道脂矫。
45.foster/?f?st?/CET6 TEM4( fostering, fostered, fosters )
1.ADJFosterparents are people who officially take a child into their family for a period of time, without becoming the child's legal parents. The child is referred to as theirfosterchild. 收養(yǎng)的[ADJ n]
例：Little Jack was placed with foster parents.
小杰克被安置在養(yǎng)父母家枣耀。
2.V-TIf youfostera child, you take it into your family for a period of time, without becoming its legal parent. 收養(yǎng)
例：She has since gone on to find happiness by fostering more than 100 children.
她此后又通過收養(yǎng)一百多個(gè)孩子找到了快樂霉晕。
3.V-TTofostersomething such as an activity or idea means to help it to develop. 促進(jìn)
例：He said that developed countries had a responsibility to foster global economic growth to help new democracies.
他說發(fā)達(dá)國家有一種促進(jìn)全球經(jīng)濟(jì)增長以幫助新興民主國家的責(zé)任庭再。
46.deter/d??t??/CET6+ TEM4( deterring, deterred, deters )
1.V-TTodetersomeonefromdoing something means to make them not want to do it or continue doing it. 阻止
例：Supporters of the death penalty argue that it would deter criminals from carrying guns.
死刑的支持者辯稱，死刑可以阻止罪犯攜帶槍支牺堰。
47.penetration穿透
48.portfolio/p??t?f??l???/CET6 TEM8( portfolios )
1.N-COUNTAportfoliois a set of pictures by someone, photographs of their work, or examples of their writing, which they use when entering competitions or applying for work. (用于參賽或求職的) 作品選輯
例：After dinner that evening, Edith showed them a portfolio of her own political cartoons.
那天晚飯后拄轻，伊迪絲給他們看了她自己的政治漫畫選輯。
2.N-COUNTIn finance, aportfoliois the combination of investments that a particular person or company owns. 投資組合[商業(yè)]
例：...Roger Early, a portfolio manager at Federated Investors Corp.
…羅杰·厄爾利伟葫，聯(lián)合投資者公司的投資組合經(jīng)理恨搓。
3.N-COUNTIn politics, aportfoliois a high-ranking official's responsibility for a particular area of a government's activities. (高官的) 職責(zé)
例：He has held the defence portfolio since the first free elections in 1990.
自從1990年的首次自由選舉以來他一直擔(dān)任國防部長一職。
4.N-COUNTA company'sportfolioof products or designs is their range of products or designs. (產(chǎn)品或設(shè)計(jì)的) 系列[商業(yè)]
例：The company has continued to invest heavily in a strong portfolio of products.
該公司繼續(xù)大力投資一個(gè)強(qiáng)大的產(chǎn)品系列筏养。
49.mandate/?m?nde?t/CET6+ TEM8( mandating, mandated, mandates )
1.N-COUNTIf a government or other elected body has amandateto carry out a particular policy or task, they have the authority to carry it out as a result of winning an election or vote. (政府或機(jī)構(gòu)經(jīng)選舉而獲得的) 授權(quán)
例：The president and his supporters are almost certain to read this vote as a mandate for continued economic reform.
總統(tǒng)和他的支持者們幾乎肯定地認(rèn)為這次投票是對繼續(xù)進(jìn)行經(jīng)濟(jì)改革的授權(quán)斧抱。
2.N-COUNTIf someone is given amandateto carry out a particular policy or task, they are given the official authority to do it. (個(gè)人所獲得的) 授權(quán)
例：How much longer does the independent prosecutor have a mandate to pursue this investigation?
這名獨(dú)立檢察官獲得授權(quán)去調(diào)查這件事情的權(quán)限還有多長？
3.N-COUNTYou can refer to the fixed length of time that a country's leader or government remains in office as theirmandate. 任期[正式]
例：...his intention to leave politics once his mandate ends.
…他任期一結(jié)束就將離開政界的打算渐溶。
4.V-TWhen someoneis mandatedtocarry out a particular policy or task, they are given the official authority to do it. 授權(quán)[正式][usu passive]
例：He'd been mandated by the West African Economic Community to go in and to enforce a ceasefire.
他受西非經(jīng)濟(jì)共同體授權(quán)去介入并執(zhí)行突云郑火協(xié)定。
5.V-TTomandatesomething means to make it mandatory. 強(qiáng)制執(zhí)行[美國英語]
例：The proposed initiative would mandate a reduction of carbon dioxide of 40%.
這個(gè)倡議將把二氧化碳排放量強(qiáng)制降低40%茎辐。
例：Sixteen years ago, Quebec mandated that all immigrants send their children to French schools.
16年前宪郊，魁北克省規(guī)定所有移民都要送孩子上法語學(xué)校。
50.incentive/?n?s?nt?v/CET6 TEM4( incentives )
1.N-VARIf something is anincentivetodo something, it encourages you to do it. 鼓勵(lì)
例：There is little or no incentive to adopt such measures.
幾乎或根本沒有鼓勵(lì)來采取這樣的措施拖陆。
51.cannibalize/?k?n?b??la?z/( cannibalizing, cannibalized, cannibalizes )
vt. 拆用…的配件弛槐；調(diào)撥…的人員
vi. 調(diào)撥人員；拆用配件依啰；同類相食
[ 過去式 cannibalized 過去分詞 cannibalized 現(xiàn)在分詞 cannibalizing ]
BRIT alsocannibalise
1.V-TIf youcannibalizesomething, you take it to pieces and use it to make something else. 拆用配件
例：They cannibalized damaged planes for the parts.
他們拆卸已損壞的飛機(jī)以使用其零部件乎串。
2.V-TIf one of a company's productscannibalizesthe company's sales, people buy it instead of any of the company's other products. 沖擊(公司其它產(chǎn)品銷量)[商業(yè)]
例：A website need not cannibalize existing sales.
網(wǎng)站不一定會沖擊現(xiàn)有的銷售。
52.tread on one's own tail
na.踩自己尾巴速警；〔比喻〕想打人反而打傷自己
網(wǎng)絡(luò)踩著自己的尾巴叹誉；自己傷害自己
網(wǎng)絡(luò)釋義1.踩著自己的尾巴
tail的用法 ...tread on one's own tail踩著自己的尾巴艰争；自己傷害自己 tuck one's tail 夾起尾巴；感到羞愧桂对；感到慌亂 ...
www.yinghanhuyi.com|基于3個(gè)網(wǎng)頁
2.自己傷害自己 ? ? ? tail的用法 ...tread on one's own tail踩著自己的尾巴甩卓；自己傷害自己tuck one's tail 夾起尾巴；感到羞愧蕉斜；感到慌亂 ...
53.it is a fair bet that
IT IS a fair bet that one of Barack Obama’s new-year’s resolutions was to rattle Wall Street.
奧巴馬新年改革之一很有可能會惹惱華爾街逾柿。
It is a fair bet that much of the Obama team started learning how the economy works through Mr.Samuelson’s eyes.
我敢打賭奧巴馬團(tuán)隊(duì)中的許多人都是從薩繆爾森這本書開始學(xué)習(xí)經(jīng)濟(jì)是如何運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。
54.peg /p?ɡ/ ?CET6 TEM4 ( pegging, pegged, pegs )
1. N-COUNT A peg is a small piece of wood or metal that is used for fastening something to something else. 銷釘
例：He builds furniture using wooden pegs instead of nails.
他用木釘而不是鐵釘制作家具宅此。
2. N-COUNT A peg is a small hook or knob that is attached to a wall or door and is used for hanging things on. 掛鉤; 掛環(huán)
例：His work jacket hung on the peg in the kitchen.
他的工作服掛在廚房里的掛鉤上机错。
3. N-COUNT A peg is a small device that you use to fasten clothes to a clothes line. 衣夾 [英國英語]
4. V-T If you peg something somewhere or peg it down, you fix it there with pegs. 用衣夾夾住; 用銷釘固定
例：Peg down netting over the top to keep out leaves.
把網(wǎng)子用銷釘固定在頂部以防止樹葉掉入。
例...a tent pegged to the ground nearby for the kids.
…用銷釘固定在附近的地上給孩子們用的一個(gè)帳篷父腕。
5. V-T If a price or amount of something is pegged at a particular level, it is fixed at that level. 固定 (價(jià)格劝篷、數(shù)量等)
例：Its currency is pegged to the dollar.
其貨幣與美元的匯率固定了。
例：The Bank wants to peg rates at 9%.
該銀行想要把利率固定在9%酿联。
55.shy away from( shying, shied, shyer, shies, shyest )
1.PHRASAL VERBIf youshy away fromdoing something, you avoid doing it, often because you are afraid or not confident enough. (因害怕或信心不足而) 避免
例：We frequently shy away from making decisions.
我們常常因?yàn)楹ε露苊庾鰶Q定板壮。
56.buckbuck/b?k/CET6 TEM4( bucking, bucked, bucks )
1.N-COUNTAbuckis a U.S. or Australian dollar. 美元; 澳元[非正式]
例：That would probably cost you about fifty bucks.
那可能會花費(fèi)你大約五十美元。
例：Why can't you spend a few bucks on a coat?
為什么你不能花幾美元買件外套呢枝嘶？
2.N-COUNTAbuckis the male of various animals, including the deer, antelope, rabbit, and kangaroo. (雄鹿帘饶、公羊、雄兔群扶、雄袋鼠等) 雄性動物
3.Na young man 年輕男人[美國英語][非正式]
4.Na type of vaulting horse 鞍馬[gymnastics]
5.Na marker in the jackpot to remind the winner of some obligation when his turn comes to deal (提醒贏家履行義務(wù)的)標(biāo)識[poker]
6.ADJIf someone hasbuckteeth, their upper front teeth stick forward out of their mouth. 外齙的[ADJ n]
7.V-IIf a horsebucks, it kicks both of its back legs wildly into the air, or jumps into the air wildly with all four feet
off the ground. (馬) 狂蹬后腿躍起; 四蹄離地狂跳
例：The stallion bucked as he fought against the reins holding him tightly in.
那匹種馬四蹄離地狂跳及刻，試圖掙脫緊緊拴住它的韁繩。
8.V-TIf youbuckthe trend, you obtain different results from others in the same area. If youbuckthe system, you get what you want by breaking or ignoring the rules. 違逆 (潮流); 抗拒 (體制)
例：While other newspapers are losing circulation, we are bucking the trend.
其他報(bào)紙發(fā)行量在下降竞阐，而我們卻逆勢而進(jìn)缴饭。
例：He wants to be the tough rebel who bucks the system.
他想成為抗拒體制的強(qiáng)硬叛逆者。
9.Vto cut (a felled or fallen tree) into lengths 把(伐倒的樹木)截成段[美國英語]
10.PHRASEIf youpass the buck, you refuse to accept responsibility for something, and say that someone else is responsible. 推諉責(zé)任[非正式]
例：David says the responsibility is Mr. Smith's and it's no good trying to pass the buck.
大衛(wèi)說責(zé)任應(yīng)該由史密斯先生承擔(dān)骆莹，試圖推諉責(zé)任毫無益處颗搂。
buck up使振作；打起精神汪疮；[俚]加快 ? ? buck the trend反潮流 ? ? fast buckn. 輕易得來的錢峭火；投機(jī)賺錢 ? ? bang for the buck劃算；合算智嚷；貨真價(jià)實(shí)
57.go some way to (doing) sth
一定程度上,
58.dry up( drying, dried, dryer, dries, driest )
1.PHRASAL VERBIf somethingdries upor if somethingdriesitup, it loses all its moisture and becomes completely dry and shrivelled or hard. 使…干枯; 干枯
例：As the day goes on, the pollen dries up and becomes hard.
隨著日子一天天過去卖丸，花粉變得又干又硬。
2.PHRASAL VERBIf a river, lake, or welldries up, it becomes empty of water, usually because of hot weather and a lack of rain. 干涸
例：Reservoirs are drying up and farmers have begun to leave their land in search of water.
水庫正在干涸盏道，農(nóng)民開始離開田地去尋找水源稍浆。
3.PHRASAL VERBIf a supply of somethingdries up, it stops. (供應(yīng)) 停止
例：The main source of income, tourism, is expected to dry up completely this summer.
作為主要收入來源的旅游業(yè)預(yù)計(jì)將在今年夏天徹底枯竭。
4.PHRASAL VERBIf youdry upwhen you are speaking, you stop in the middle of what you were saying, because you cannot think what to say next. (講話時(shí)) 語塞
例：When he turned around and saw her, his conversation dried up.
他轉(zhuǎn)過身來看見她時(shí)，他的談話就出不來詞兒了衅枫。
59.eat into demand削弱需求
Dealers reacted to growing concern that higher raw materials costs would begin to eat intodemand and affect the pace of economic recovery.
人們?nèi)找鎿?dān)心嫁艇，原材料價(jià)格上漲可能開始削弱需求，并影響經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇步伐弦撩，交易商們對這種焦慮心理作出了反應(yīng)步咪。
60.not least相當(dāng)重要地【相當(dāng)?shù)亍?... 相當(dāng)詳細(xì)地 in some detail相當(dāng)重要地not least相當(dāng)程度地 considerably ...尤其 ? ?部分地 ? ?不在少數(shù)
短語 ? ? ?not the least不僅僅是 ; 沒有最不 ? ? ? not the least bit一點(diǎn)也不 ? ? ?not at least至少不
61.triple/?tr?p?l/CET6 TEM4( tripling, tripled, triples )
1.ADJTriplemeans consisting of three things or parts. 三個(gè)的; 三部分的[ADJ n]
例：...a triple somersault.
…連續(xù)三個(gè)筋斗。
2.V-T/V-IIf somethingtriplesor if youtripleit, it becomes three times as large in size or number. 使成為三倍; 變成三倍
例：I got a fantastic new job and my salary tripled.
我得到了一份極好的新工作益楼，我的薪水是原來的三倍猾漫。
例：The exhibition has tripled in size from last year.
這個(gè)展覽會面積是去年的三倍。
3.PREDETIf something istriple theamount or size of another thing, it is three times as large. 3倍的[PREDET 'the' n]
62.moderateCET4 TEM4( moderating, moderated, moderates )
形容詞和名詞讀作?m?d?r?t感凤。動詞讀作?m?d??re?t悯周。
1.ADJModeratepolitical opinions or policies are not extreme. (政見或政策) 溫和的
例：He was an easygoing man of very moderate views.
他是一個(gè)有著溫和觀點(diǎn)性情隨和的人。
2.ADJYou usemoderateto describe people or groups who have moderate political opinions or policies. (人或團(tuán)體) 溫和的
例：...a moderate Democrat.
…溫和的民主黨人陪竿。
3.N-COUNTAmoderateis someone with moderate political opinions. 溫和派
例：If he presents himself as a radical he risks scaring off the moderates whose votes he so desperately needs.
如果他表現(xiàn)出自己是個(gè)激進(jìn)分子的話禽翼，他就有可能嚇跑那些溫和派，而他急需那些人的選票族跛。
4.ADJYou usemoderateto describe something that is neither large nor small in amount or degree. (數(shù)量或程度) 適中的
例：While a moderate amount of stress can be beneficial, too much stress can exhaust you.
適當(dāng)?shù)膲毫赡苡幸嫒虻玻鴫毫^大會讓你筋疲力盡。
5.moderatelyADV適中地
例：Both are moderately large insects, with a wingspan of around four centimetres.
這兩只都是中等大小的昆蟲庸蔼，翼幅大約為四厘米解总。
6.ADJAmoderatechange in something is a change that is not great. (變化) 不大的
例：Most drugs offer either no real improvement or, at best, only moderate improvements.
大多數(shù)藥或者沒有真正療效，或者最多也就是稍有療效姐仅。
7.moderatelyADV不大地[ADV after v]
例：Share prices on the Tokyo Exchange declined moderately.
東京股票交易所的股票價(jià)格稍有下降。
8.V-T/V-IIf youmoderatesomething or if itmoderates, it becomes less extreme or violent and easier to deal with or accept. 使緩和; 變得緩和
例：They are hoping that once in office he can be persuaded to moderate his views.
他們希望他一上臺后就能他說服刻盐，使他的觀點(diǎn)變得溫和些掏膏。
9.moderationN-UNCOUNT緩和
例：A moderation in food prices helped to offset the first increase in energy prices.
食品價(jià)格的降低有助于抵消能源價(jià)格的第一次上漲。
詞組短語同近義詞同根詞詞語辨析 ? ?moderate price公平價(jià)格敦锌；公道價(jià)格 ? ?moderate temperature中等溫度
moderate intensity中等強(qiáng)度 ? ? moderate climate溫和氣候 ? ? ?moderate size不大不小
63.economic fluctuation經(jīng)濟(jì)波動 ? ?price fluctuation[經(jīng)]價(jià)格起伏馒疹，物價(jià)波動
voltage fluctuation電壓波動；電壓升降 ? ? temperature fluctuation溫度波動乙墙；溫度漲落 ? ? market fluctuation市場波動颖变；市價(jià)漲落
64.incipient/?n?s?p??nt/TEM8
1.ADJAnincipientsituation or quality is one that is starting to happen or develop. 開始發(fā)生的; 正在發(fā)展的[正式][ADJ n]
例：...an incipient economic recovery.
...一種初期的經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇。
詞組短語同近義詞同根詞 ? ? ? ?incipient fault潛在故障听想，隱患腥刹；雛斷層
65.icon/?a?k?n/(also ikon)CET6 TEM8( icons )
1.N-COUNTIf you describe something or someone as anicon, you mean that they are important as a symbol of a particular thing. 象征物; 偶像
例：...only Marilyn has proved as enduring a fashion icon.
…只有瑪麗蓮被證明是經(jīng)久不衰的時(shí)尚偶像。
2.N-COUNTAniconis a picture of Christ, his mother, or a saint painted on a wooden panel. (耶穌基督汉买、圣母瑪利亞等圣人的) 木制圣像
例：...a painter of religious icons.
…一位宗教圣像畫家衔峰。
3.N-COUNTAniconis a picture on a computer screen representing a particular computer function. If you want to use it, you move the cursor onto the icon using a mouse. (電腦屏幕上可用鼠標(biāo)點(diǎn)擊的) 圖標(biāo)[計(jì)算機(jī)]
例：Kate clicked on the mail icon on her computer screen.
凱特點(diǎn)擊了她電腦屏幕上的郵件圖標(biāo)。
詞組短語同近義詞同根詞 ? ?cultural icon文化偶像 ? ? ? application iconn. 應(yīng)用程序圖標(biāo)
66.grumble/?ɡr?mb?l/CET6+ TEM4( grumbling, grumbled, grumbles ) ~about/at 抱怨
1.V-T/V-IIf someonegrumbles, they complain about something in a bad-tempered way. 抱怨
例：They grumble about how hard they have to work.
他們抱怨自己工作得很辛苦。
例：Taft grumbled that the law so favoured the criminal that trials seemed like a game of chance.
塔夫脫抱怨法律如此有利于罪犯垫卤，使得審判看來像是一場運(yùn)氣的游戲威彰。
2.N-COUNTGrumbleis also a noun. 抱怨
例：My only grumble is that there isn't a non-smoking section.
我惟一的抱怨是這兒沒有無煙區(qū)。
3.V-IIf somethinggrumbles, it makes a low continuous sound. 隆隆作響[文學(xué)性]
例：It was quiet now, the thunder had grumbled away to the west.
現(xiàn)在安靜了穴肘，雷聲已經(jīng)隆隆作響地傳到西邊了歇盼。
4.N-SINGGrumbleis also a noun. 隆隆響聲[usu N 'of' n]
例：One could often hear, far to the east, the grumble of guns.
人們經(jīng)常可以聽到在遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)的東邊有隆隆的槍炮聲评抚。
67.precipitously ? adv.precipitous的變形
precipitous[pri'sipit?s ] ? ? ?adj. ? 懸崖峭壁般的旺遮；陡峭的；險(xiǎn)峻 ? 急轉(zhuǎn)直下的盈咳；突然落下的=precipitate
近義詞:steep
68.obscure / ?b'skju?; ?b- /
adj.1.(意思)不清楚的耿眉，不分明的
2.(語言、文體等)含糊的鱼响，晦澀的鸣剪，不清晰的
3.不顯著的，不引人注目的
vt.1.掩蓋丈积，遮蓋筐骇，隱藏：
The moon was obscured by clouds.
月亮被云朵遮掩了。
the aims obscured by means
被手段所掩蓋的目的
2.使含混江滨，使轉(zhuǎn)彎抹角铛纬，使難理解：
The item he intentionally obscured would make several interpretations possible.
他故意搞得含混不清的條款，可能會做出好幾種解釋唬滑。
3.使黑暗告唆；使失色，使不顯著：
His fame was obscured by that of his wife .
他妻子的名聲使他的名聲相形見絀晶密。
vi.
1.變得不清楚擒悬，變得模糊
69.fitful / 'fitful /
adj.1.occurring in spells and often abruptly
fitful bursts of energy
同義詞： spasmodic
2.intermittently stopping and starting
fitful (or interrupted) sleep
同義詞： interrupted ?/ ?off-and-on(a)
70.stall1 / st?:l /
n.1.廄，畜欄
2.馬廄稻艰；牛棚
3.商品陳列臺懂牧，售貨攤，柜臺
vt.
1.把(牲畜)關(guān)進(jìn)畜舍尊勿；把(汽車)停放在停車位：
He stalled his car near the exit.
他把他的車停放在靠近出口處的車位上僧凤。
2.把(牛等)關(guān)在棚內(nèi)養(yǎng)肥
3.使熄火，使(汽車等)拋錨：
His car was stalled because of overloading.
他的車因超載而拋錨了元扔。
vi.
1.(發(fā)動機(jī))熄火躯保；(汽車)拋錨；(飛機(jī)等)失速(有時(shí)與 out 連用)：
What? ——My car stalled. I can't start it.
什么?——我的車拋錨了摇展，我發(fā)動不起來了吻氧。
2.停頓溺忧，停止：
The enemy's resistance has stalled by force.
敵方的抵抗被迫放棄了。
3.被陷入泥沼(或雪)中盯孙；[美國英語]被雪困茁成：
We stalled in a mountain village by the storm.
我們被大風(fēng)雪困在了一個(gè)小山村里。
stall 2 / st?:l /
vi.1.拖延振惰；支吾：
He stalled for time to wait for his friends coming.
他拖延時(shí)間等著他的朋友的到來歌溉。
She stalled and evaded the question.
她支吾著避而不答這個(gè)問題。
2.做小偷的助手
3.[主美國英語](在體育比賽中)故意拖延時(shí)間：
The goalkeeper stalled as starting the goal kick,being given a yellow card.
門將在開球門球時(shí)骑晶，因故意拖延時(shí)間而被出示了一張黃牌痛垛。
vt.1.拖延；推遲(通常與 off 連用)：
He stalled the police for ten minutes so his accomplice could get away.
他在警察面前拖延了十分鐘桶蛔，使他的同謀得以逃走匙头。
2.把…敷衍過去，把…搪塞開(off)：
He managed to stall off his creditor.
他設(shè)法把債主搪塞過去了仔雷。
n.1.口實(shí)蹂析，托詞，借口碟婆；拖延的方法
2.欺騙手段电抚，詭計(jì)
3.小偷的同伙
71.unabated /??n??be?t?d/ TEM8
1.ADJ If something continues unabated, it continues without any reduction in intensity or amount. (程度，數(shù)量)不減的
The fighting has continued unabated for over 24 hours.
戰(zhàn)斗在持續(xù)了超過24小時(shí)后激烈程度仍然沒有減弱竖共。
72.crowdsoucing
眾包 - 引用次數(shù)：6
Based on the theory of insourcing,outsourcing and crowdsourcing,it explores different ways of new product development in different context according to its spiral development trend.
在對新產(chǎn)品開發(fā)模式(內(nèi)包式蝙叛、外包式、眾包式)進(jìn)行理論回顧的基礎(chǔ)上,針對當(dāng)前新產(chǎn)品開發(fā)呈現(xiàn)出的螺旋式發(fā)展態(tài)勢,研究了不同情境下新產(chǎn)品開發(fā)方式的特性公给。
