spring cloud sleuth 和 zipkin 鏈路跟蹤

一驰坊、spring cloud sleuth

提供鏈路追蹤。通過sleuth可以很清楚的看出一個(gè)請求都經(jīng)過了哪些服務(wù)碎赢；可以很方便的理清服務(wù)間的調(diào)用關(guān)系荚虚。

可視化錯(cuò)誤薛夜。對于程序未捕捉的異常，可以結(jié)合zipkin分析版述。

分析耗時(shí)梯澜。通過sleuth可以很方便的看出每個(gè)采樣請求的耗時(shí)，分析出哪些服務(wù)調(diào)用比較耗時(shí)渴析。當(dāng)服務(wù)調(diào)用的耗時(shí)隨著請求量的增大而增大時(shí)晚伙，也可以對服務(wù)的擴(kuò)容提供一定的提醒作用。

從官網(wǎng)得知從2.1.0版開始檬某，Spring Cloud Sleuth支持將跟蹤發(fā)送到多個(gè)跟蹤系統(tǒng)撬腾，且去掉了 spring cloud streaming，那如果只引入sleuth包恢恼，不同機(jī)器服務(wù)之間相互調(diào)用是否還能實(shí)現(xiàn)鏈路追蹤民傻？經(jīng)過測試答案是可以的，源碼這里我沒研究场斑，但是從技術(shù)角度要自己實(shí)現(xiàn)漓踢，其實(shí)只要在 header 里添加一個(gè)值(唯一)，在上下游服務(wù)之間傳遞漏隐，便可行喧半。

所以結(jié)論是如果只是單純?yōu)榱耸褂面溌纷粉櫾诳刂婆_(tái)看，只引入 sleuth 是已經(jīng)足夠的青责。

二挺据、spring cloud zipkin

Zipkin是Twitter的一個(gè)開源項(xiàng)目，我們可以使用它來收集各個(gè)服務(wù)器上請求鏈路的跟蹤數(shù)據(jù)脖隶，并通過它提供的API接口來輔助查詢跟蹤數(shù)據(jù)以分布式系統(tǒng)的監(jiān)控程序扁耐，通過UI組件幫助我們及時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)系統(tǒng)中出現(xiàn)的延遲升高問題以及系統(tǒng)性能瓶頸根源。

Zipkin的基礎(chǔ)架構(gòu)

Collector（收集器組件）-> 主要負(fù)責(zé)收集外部系統(tǒng)跟蹤信息产阱，轉(zhuǎn)化為Zipkin內(nèi)部的Span格式婉称。

Storage（存儲(chǔ)組件）-> 主要負(fù)責(zé)收到的跟蹤信息的存儲(chǔ)，默認(rèn)為存儲(chǔ)在內(nèi)存中，同時(shí)支持存儲(chǔ)到Mysql王暗、Cassandra以及ElasticSearch悔据。

API（Query）-> 負(fù)責(zé)查詢Storage中存儲(chǔ)的數(shù)據(jù)，提供簡單的JSON API獲取數(shù)據(jù)俗壹，主要提供給web UI使用科汗。

Web UI（展示組件）-> 提供簡單的web界面，方便進(jìn)行跟蹤信息的查看以及查詢策肝，同時(shí)進(jìn)行相關(guān)的分析肛捍。

Instrumented Client 和Instrumented Server，是指分布式架構(gòu)中使用了Trace工具的兩個(gè)應(yīng)用之众，Client會(huì)調(diào)用Server提供的服務(wù)，兩者都會(huì)向Zipkin上報(bào)Trace相關(guān)信息依许。在Client 和 Server通過Transport上報(bào)Trace信息后棺禾，由Zipkin的Collector模塊接收，并由Storage模塊將數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)在對應(yīng)的存儲(chǔ)介質(zhì)中峭跳，然后Zipkin提供API供UI界面查詢Trace跟蹤信息膘婶。Non-Instrumented Server，指的是未使用Trace工具的Server蛀醉，顯然它不會(huì)上報(bào)Trace信息悬襟。

三、日志解析

2020-06-19 11:10:44.967 DEBUG [bff-web-data-platform,368e435f7de29eff,368e435f7de29eff,false] 2516 --- [nio-8888-exec-5] c.giant.cloud.api.ElectricityStationApi  : [ElectricityStationApi#getDashboardElectricityStationData] Content-Length: 1921
2020-06-19 11:10:44.967 DEBUG [bff-web-data-platform,368e435f7de29eff,368e435f7de29eff,false] 2516 --- [nio-8888-exec-5] c.giant.cloud.api.ElectricityStationApi  : [ElectricityStationApi#getDashboardElectricityStationData] Content-Type: application/json
2020-06-19 11:10:44.968 DEBUG [bff-web-data-platform,368e435f7de29eff,368e435f7de29eff,false] 2516 --- [nio-8888-exec-5] c.giant.cloud.api.ElectricityStationApi  : [ElectricityStationApi#getDashboardElectricityStationData] 
2020-06-19 11:10:44.968 DEBUG [bff-web-data-platform,368e435f7de29eff,368e435f7de29eff,false] 2516 --- [nio-8888-exec-5] c.giant.cloud.api.ElectricityStationApi  : [ElectricityStationApi#getDashboardElectricityStationData] {"data":{"createTime":null,"updateTime":null,"deleteFlag":null,"id":null,"menuId":null,"name":null,"buildingDegree":null,"cityName":null,"cityId":null,"lng":null,"lat":null,"remarks":null},"token":"5a717dca1142d685c8aa54b45d0388c8","user":{"id":1,"account":"15771720565","name":"馮**","phone":"15771720565","onlineState":null,"remarks":"fdsafdsa","rolesId":1,"avatar":null,"token":"5a717dca1142d685c8aa54b45d0388c8","roles":{"id":1,"roleName":"超級(jí)管理員","remarks":"2222","menus":null},"menus":[{"id":1,"parentId":0,"menuName":"大屏展示","menuPath":"/dashboard","menuOrder":1000,"icon":"el-icon-monitor","remarks":null,"menuData":false,"menuButton":false,"child":[]},{"id":2,"parentId":0,"menuName":"數(shù)據(jù)分析","menuPath":"/dataAnalysis","menuOrder":2000,"icon":"el-icon-data-line","remarks":null,"menuData":false,"menuButton":false,"child":[]},{"id":3,"parentId":0,"menuName":"系統(tǒng)管理","menuPath":"/setting","menuOrder":3000,"icon":"el-icon-setting","remarks":null,"menuData":false,"menuButton":false,"child":[{"id":26,"parentId":3,"menuName":"用戶管理","menuPath":"/setting/user","menuOrder":3100,"icon":null,"remarks":null,"menuData":false,"menuButton":false,"child":[]},{"id":5,"parentId":3,"menuName":"角色管理","menuPath":"/setting/roles","menuOrder":3200,"icon":null,"remarks":null,"menuData":false,"menuButton":false,"child":[]},{"id":6,"parentId":3,"menuName":"菜單管理","menuPath":"/setting/menus","menuOrder":3300,"icon":null,"remarks":null,"menuData":false,"menuButton":false,"child":[]}]},{"id":16,"parentId":0,"menuName":"電站管理","menuPath":"/electricityStation","menuOrder":4000,"icon":"el-icon-lightning","remarks":null,"menuData":false,"menuButton":false,"child":[{"id":17,"parentId":16,"menuName":"電站信息","menuPath":"/electricityStation/list","menuOrder":4100,"icon":null,"remarks":"列出所有電站","menuData":false,"menuButton":false,"child":[]}]}]}}
2020-06-19 11:10:44.968 DEBUG [bff-web-data-platform,368e435f7de29eff,368e435f7de29eff,false] 2516 --- [nio-8888-exec-5] c.giant.cloud.api.ElectricityStationApi  : [ElectricityStationApi#getDashboardElectricityStationData] ---> END HTTP (1921-byte body)
2020-06-19 11:10:44.998 DEBUG [bff-web-data-platform,368e435f7de29eff,368e435f7de29eff,false] 2516 --- [nio-8888-exec-5] c.giant.cloud.api.ElectricityStationApi  : [ElectricityStationApi#getDashboardElectricityStationData] <--- HTTP/1.1 200  (30ms)
2020-06-19 11:10:44.999 DEBUG [bff-web-data-platform,368e435f7de29eff,368e435f7de29eff,false] 2516 --- [nio-8888-exec-5] c.giant.cloud.api.ElectricityStationApi  : [ElectricityStationApi#getDashboardElectricityStationData] connection: keep-alive
2020-06-19 11:10:44.999 DEBUG [bff-web-data-platform,368e435f7de29eff,368e435f7de29eff,false] 2516 --- [nio-8888-exec-5] c.giant.cloud.api.ElectricityStationApi  : [ElectricityStationApi#getDashboardElectricityStationData] content-type: application/json
2020-06-19 11:10:44.999 DEBUG [bff-web-data-platform,368e435f7de29eff,368e435f7de29eff,false] 2516 --- [nio-8888-exec-5] c.giant.cloud.api.ElectricityStationApi  : [ElectricityStationApi#getDashboardElectricityStationData] date: Fri, 19 Jun 2020 03:10:44 GMT
2020-06-19 11:10:44.999 DEBUG [bff-web-data-platform,368e435f7de29eff,368e435f7de29eff,false] 2516 --- [nio-8888-exec-5] c.giant.cloud.api.ElectricityStationApi  : [ElectricityStationApi#getDashboardElectricityStationData] keep-alive: timeout=60
2020-06-19 11:10:44.999 DEBUG [bff-web-data-platform,368e435f7de29eff,368e435f7de29eff,false] 2516 --- [nio-8888-exec-5] c.giant.cloud.api.ElectricityStationApi  : [ElectricityStationApi#getDashboardElectricityStationData] transfer-encoding: chunked
2020-06-19 11:10:44.999 DEBUG [bff-web-data-platform,368e435f7de29eff,368e435f7de29eff,false] 2516 --- [nio-8888-exec-5] c.giant.cloud.api.ElectricityStationApi  : [ElectricityStationApi#getDashboardElectricityStationData] 
2020-06-19 11:10:44.999 DEBUG [bff-web-data-platform,368e435f7de29eff,368e435f7de29eff,false] 2516 --- [nio-8888-exec-5] c.giant.cloud.api.ElectricityStationApi  : [ElectricityStationApi#getDashboardElectricityStationData] {"code":200,"msg":null,"data":[{"name":"平頂山","value":30},{"name":"西安","value":50},{"name":"北京","value":43}]}
2020-06-19 11:10:45.000 DEBUG [bff-web-data-platform,368e435f7de29eff,368e435f7de29eff,false] 2516 --- [nio-8888-exec-5] c.giant.cloud.api.ElectricityStationApi  : [ElectricityStationApi#getDashboardElectricityStationData] <--- END HTTP (122-byte body)

[bff-web-data-platform, 368e435f7de29eff, 368e435f7de29eff, false] 解析：

bff-web-data-platform 稱為 appname -> 應(yīng)用名稱

368e435f7de29eff 稱為 traceId -> 為了追蹤一個(gè)請求完整的流轉(zhuǎn)過程拯刁，可以給每次請求分配一個(gè)唯一的 traceId脊岳，當(dāng)請求調(diào)用其他服務(wù)時(shí)，通過傳遞這個(gè) traceId垛玻。

368e435f7de29eff 稱為 spanId -> 發(fā)生的特定操作的ID

false 稱為 exportable -> 是否應(yīng)將日志導(dǎo)出到Zipkin割捅。

無論是使用 sleuth 或是使用 zipkin 都會(huì)在控制臺(tái)上輸出這樣的日志信息。

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