? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?第二章 ?代詞
高考中對(duì)代詞的考查主要集中在人稱代詞(主要是其中的it)、關(guān)系代詞利术、指示代詞和不定代詞上。
一遗契、?it的用法
1.作人稱代詞
John likes playing Ping pong./ He always does it in the afternoon.(指代上下文提到的事物);
/It's time we went home. / How far is it from here to your home ? / It is getting warmer and warmer./ It's very quiet at the moment.(可指時(shí)間囚衔、天氣喜滨、環(huán)境等)
2.引導(dǎo)詞
A.作形式主語(yǔ)鳄抒,代替由不定式、動(dòng)名詞或從句表示的真正主語(yǔ)撒蟀。
It's important for us to learn a second language./ It's no use talking to him./ It's known to all that the earth goes round the sun.
B.作形式賓語(yǔ)叙谨,代替由不定式、動(dòng)名詞或從句表示的真正賓語(yǔ)保屯。
We feel it our duty to help others./ He made it clear that he would leave the city.
C.強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu):It is (was) +被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that (或who)…
注意:在強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)中手负,如被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分為時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)或地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ),其后的連接詞也絕不能為when 或where姑尺,而應(yīng)用that 竟终。在復(fù)習(xí)中,一定要注意句式的不同切蟋。
It was in Shanghai that I bought the guitar.(that引起強(qiáng)調(diào)句)
It was Shanghai where I bought the guitar.(where引起定從)
It was twelve o'clock when we arrived there.(when引起時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句)
It was at twelve o'clock that we arrived there.(that 引起強(qiáng)調(diào)句)
3. it统捶,one,that 的區(qū)別:作為代詞敦姻,這三個(gè)詞的對(duì)比使用是高考的熱點(diǎn)之一瘾境。
—Why don't we take a little break? ?—Didn't we just have __________?
A.it ?????B.that ?C.one ????D.this ???
The Parkers bought a new house but _________will need a lot of work before they can move in.
A.they ??B.it ???C.one ????D.which ???
one 用以指代同類事物中的任一歧杏,that 特指性強(qiáng)镰惦,指代可數(shù)與不可數(shù)詞,而it指代上文提過(guò)的同一事物犬绒。
二旺入、不定代詞
一) . some 與 any 的用法
1. some 用于肯定句以及表示建議或期待得到肯定回答的問(wèn)句。修飾單數(shù)名詞時(shí)凯力,意為某個(gè)茵瘾。如:
I have some questions about the assignment.
(希望得到肯定答復(fù))。
2. any 用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句時(shí)咐鹤,表示一些拗秘。用于肯定句時(shí),只和單數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞連用祈惶,表示任何雕旨。如:
The medicine is on sale every where. You can get it at any chemist‘s.
二) . each 與 every 的用法
1. each 強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體,表示兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上中的每一個(gè)捧请,在句中可充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)凡涩、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)疹蛉。如:
There are trees and flowers at each side of the road.
2. every 強(qiáng)調(diào)整體活箕,表示三者或三者以上中的每一個(gè),只能作定語(yǔ)可款,不能說(shuō) every of them 育韩,要說(shuō) every one of them .
Every student in our class works hard.
三 . no one 與 none 的用法
1. no one 意為沒(méi)有人克蚂,只能指人,不能指物筋讨,不可與介詞 of 連用陨舱,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式,回答 who 引導(dǎo)的問(wèn)句版仔。如:
Who is in the classroom游盲?
No one.
2. none 既可指人,也可指物蛮粮,強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)量益缎,意為一點(diǎn)也不,一個(gè)也不然想;謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞既可用單數(shù)也可用復(fù)數(shù)莺奔;常與 of 連用,通常指三者以上的人或物中沒(méi)有一個(gè)变泄,回答 how much 和 how many 引導(dǎo)的問(wèn)句令哟。如:
They were all tired, but none of them would stop to have a rest.
四 . other妨蛹, another屏富, others, any other蛙卤, the other 的用法
1. other 表示泛指狠半,意為另外的、其它的颤难。常與復(fù)數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞連用神年。如果其前有 the, this行嗤, some已日, any, each栅屏, every飘千, no, one 以及形容詞性物主代詞時(shí)既琴,其后就可接單數(shù)名詞占婉。如:
I have no other place to go.
2. another 常用于指三者或三者以上中的另外一個(gè),泛指單數(shù)甫恩∧婕茫可單獨(dú)使用,也可后接名詞。如果其后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞奖慌,則表示又抛虫、再、還简僧。如:
This cap is too small for me. Show me another (one)建椰。
We need another three assistants in our shop.
3. others :它是 other 的復(fù)數(shù)形式,表示泛指岛马,意為別的人或物棉姐,但不指全部。特指時(shí)在其前加定冠詞啦逆;前面可加任何限定詞以及數(shù)量詞伞矩。如:
He has more concern for others than for himself.
4. any other 表示一個(gè)之外的其他任何一個(gè),而不是兩個(gè)之中的另一個(gè)夏志。如:
China is larger than any other country in Asia.
5. the other :表示兩者中的另外一個(gè)乃坤。可單獨(dú)使用沟蔑,也可接單數(shù)名詞湿诊。如:
No agreement was reached in the discussion as neither side would give way to the other.
五 . all 與 both 的用法
均表示都,但 all 表示三者以上的人或物瘦材, both 則表示兩個(gè)人或物厅须。二者都表示肯定意義,如果與 not 連用時(shí)宇色,則表示部分否定九杂。
六 . neither 與 either 的用法
都可用于表示兩個(gè)人或物颁湖。 neither 表否定意義宣蠕,意為(兩者中的每一個(gè))都不;而 either 表肯定意義甥捺,意為(兩者中的每一個(gè))都抢蚀。都可單獨(dú)使用,也可同介詞 of 連用镰禾。如:
Both teams were in hard training皿曲; neither willing to lose the game.
Do you want tea or coffee?
Either. I really don‘t mind.
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