一、運(yùn)行環(huán)境

• JDK 17稿饰；
• IDEA 2021.2锦秒；
• MySQL 8.0.28；
• Tomcat 9.0.60喉镰；
• Maven 3.8.4旅择；

二、Maven 依賴及資源過濾設(shè)置：pom.xml

<!--依賴-->
<dependencies>
    <!--Junit-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>junit</groupId>
        <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
        <version>4.13.2</version>
    </dependency>
    <!--數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)驅(qū)動(dòng)-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>mysql</groupId>
        <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
        <version>8.0.28</version>
    </dependency>
    <!--數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)連接池 c3p0-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.mchange</groupId>
        <artifactId>c3p0</artifactId>
        <version>0.9.5.5</version>
    </dependency>
    <!--Servlet-JSP-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
        <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
        <version>4.0.1</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
        <artifactId>javax.servlet.jsp-api</artifactId>
        <version>2.3.3</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
        <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
        <version>1.2</version>
    </dependency>
    <!--Mybatis-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
        <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
        <version>3.5.9</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
        <artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId>
        <version>2.0.7</version>
    </dependency>
    <!--Spring-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
        <version>5.3.18</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
        <version>5.3.18</version>
    </dependency>
    <!--Spring Java 注解：JDK11 以上需要-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>javax.annotation</groupId>
        <artifactId>javax.annotation-api</artifactId>
        <version>1.3.2</version>
    </dependency>
    <!--AOP 織入-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
        <artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId>
        <version>1.9.8</version>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

<!--靜態(tài)資源導(dǎo)出-->
<build>
    <resources>
        <resource>
            <directory>src/main/java</directory>
            <includes>
                <include>**/*.properties</include>
                <include>**/*.xml</include>
            </includes>
            <filtering>false</filtering>
        </resource>
        <resource>
            <directory>src/main/resources</directory>
            <includes>
                <include>**/*.properties</include>
                <include>**/*.xml</include>
            </includes>
            <filtering>false</filtering>
        </resource>
    </resources>
</build>

三侣姆、搭建項(xiàng)目基本結(jié)構(gòu)

• 包名及文件名均可自定義：

四生真、編寫配置文件

4.1 數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)配置文件：

• database.properties：

# mysql8 驅(qū)動(dòng)
jdbc.driver=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)名?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8&useSSL=true
jdbc.username=用戶名
jdbc.password=密碼

4.2 配置 MyBatis 層：

1. 創(chuàng)建實(shí)體類

• 在 pojo 目錄下創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)對(duì)應(yīng)的實(shí)體類脖咐；

2. 編寫 dao 層

• 目錄結(jié)構(gòu)：

• 創(chuàng)建 Dao 層的 Mapper 接口：如：BookMapper：

public interface BookMapper {
    // 操作數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)方法
    // 如：查詢?nèi)緽ook,返回list集合
    List<Books> queryAllBook();
}    

• 創(chuàng)建接口對(duì)應(yīng)的 Mapper.xml 文件：如 BookMapper.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<!--對(duì)應(yīng)接口類：每一個(gè)mapper對(duì)應(yīng)一個(gè)接口文件-->
<mapper namespace="com.study.dao.BookMapper">
    <!--對(duì)應(yīng)接口的具體sql-->
    <!--如：查詢?nèi)緽ook-->   
    <select id="queryAllBook" resultType="Books">
        select *
        from `books`;
    </select>
</mapper>

3. 編寫 service 層

• 目錄結(jié)構(gòu)：

• 創(chuàng)建 Service 層的接口：如 BookService

public interface BookService {
    // 業(yè)務(wù)方法    
    // 如：查詢?nèi)緽ook,返回list集合
    List<Books> queryAllBook();
}        

• 創(chuàng)建 Service 層的實(shí)現(xiàn)類：如 BookServiceImpl

public class BookServiceImpl implements BookService {
    // service層調(diào)用dao層：組合dao
    private BookMapper bookMapper;

    // 設(shè)置set接口，方便Spring管理
    public void setBookMapper(BookMapper bookMapper) {
        this.bookMapper = bookMapper;
    }
    
    @Override
    public List<Books> queryAllBook() {
        // 調(diào)用dao層的方法
        return bookMapper.queryAllBook();
    }
    // ....其它業(yè)務(wù)實(shí)現(xiàn)方法
}

4. 配置核心配置文件：mybatis-config.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
    <!--1. 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)日志（可更換其它日志）-->
    <settings>
        <setting name="logImpl" value="STDOUT_LOGGING"/>
    </settings>
    <!--2. 設(shè)置別名：掃描包的方式-->
    <typeAliases>
        <!--實(shí)體類的包名稱-->
        <package name="com.study.pojo"/>
    </typeAliases>
    <!--3. 注冊(cè) Mapper.xml-->
    <mappers>
        <!--1. 接口類方式（對(duì)應(yīng)dao層的接口類）-->
        <mapper class="com.study.dao.BookMapper"/>
        <!--2. 資源文件方式-->
        <!--<mapper resource="com/study/dao/BookMapper.xml"/>-->
        <!--3. 掃描包方式-->
        <!--<package name="com.study.dao"/>-->
    </mappers>
</configuration>

4.3 配置 Spring 層：

• Spring 就是一個(gè)容器汇歹，整合 dao 層和 service 層屁擅；

1. Spring 整合 MyBatis 層

• 數(shù)據(jù)源為 c3p0，可更換為其它數(shù)據(jù)源产弹；
• 配置 Mybatis 的配置文件：spring-dao.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
       https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
    <!--配置整合mybatis-->
    <!--1. 關(guān)聯(lián)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)文件：通過spring讀取-->
    <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:database.properties"/>

    <!--2. 數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)連接池
        dbcp：半自動(dòng)化操作派歌，不能自動(dòng)連接
        c3p0：自動(dòng)化操作（自動(dòng)的加載配置文件，并且設(shè)置到對(duì)象里面）
        druid痰哨、hikari
    -->
    <bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource">
        <!-- 配置c3p0連接池屬性 -->
        <property name="driverClass" value="${jdbc.driver}"/>
        <property name="jdbcUrl" value="${jdbc.url}"/>
        <property name="user" value="${jdbc.username}"/>
        <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"/>

        <!--c3p0連接池的私有屬性 -->
        <property name="maxPoolSize" value="30"/>
        <property name="minPoolSize" value="10"/>
        <!--關(guān)閉連接后不自動(dòng)commit -->
        <property name="autoCommitOnClose" value="false"/>
        <!--獲取連接超時(shí)時(shí)間 -->
        <property name="checkoutTimeout" value="10000"/>
        <!--當(dāng)獲取連接失敗重試次數(shù) -->
        <property name="acquireRetryAttempts" value="2"/>
    </bean>

    <!--3. 配置SqlSessionFactory對(duì)象-->
    <bean id="sqlSessionFactory" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean">
        <!--數(shù)據(jù)源-->
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
        <!--綁定Mybatis配置文件(spring整合Mybatis) 注意 value后面加classpath:-->
        <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:mybatis-config.xml"/>
    </bean>

    <!--4. 配置掃描Dao接口包胶果，動(dòng)態(tài)實(shí)現(xiàn)Dao接口注入到spring容器中（不需要?jiǎng)?chuàng)建dao接口的實(shí)現(xiàn)類）-->
    <bean class="org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer">
        <!--注入sqlSessionFactory-->
        <property name="sqlSessionFactoryBeanName" value="sqlSessionFactory"/>
        <!--要掃描Dao接口包-->
        <property name="basePackage" value="com.study.dao"/>
    </bean>
</beans>

2. Spring 整合 service 層

• 配置 service 層的配置文件：spring-service.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
       https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
    <!--1. 掃描service下的包-->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.study.service"/>

    <!--2. 將所有的service業(yè)務(wù)類，注入到spring：通過配置或注解實(shí)現(xiàn)-->
    <bean id="BookServiceImpl" class="com.study.service.BookServiceImpl">
        <property name="bookMapper" ref="bookMapper"/>
    </bean>

    <!--3. 配置聲明式事務(wù) JDBC 事務(wù)-->
    <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
        <!--注入數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)連接池-->
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
    </bean>

    <!--4. AOP 配置事務(wù)切入斤斧，需導(dǎo)入AOP織入包及導(dǎo)入頭文件（可不配置）-->
    <!--結(jié)合AOP實(shí)現(xiàn)事務(wù)的織入-->
    <!--配置事務(wù)通知-->
    <!--    <tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager">-->
    <!--        &lt;!&ndash;給哪些方法配置事務(wù)&ndash;&gt;-->
    <!--        &lt;!&ndash;配置事務(wù)的傳播特性,propagation：傳播&ndash;&gt;-->
    <!--        <tx:attributes>-->
    <!--            <tx:method name="*" propagation="REQUIRED"/>-->
    <!--        </tx:attributes>-->
    <!--    </tx:advice>-->
    <!--配置事務(wù)切入-->
    <!--    <aop:config>-->
    <!--        <aop:pointcut id="txPointCut" expression="execution(* com.study.dao.*.*(..))"/>-->
    <!--        <aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" pointcut-ref="txPointCut"/>-->
    <!--    </aop:config>-->
</beans>

4.4 配置 SpringMVC 層

• 模塊添加 web 框架支持：

• 配置 web.xml：

  • 注意：加載的是 spring 總的配置文件 applicationContext.xml早抠；

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee
         http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0">
    <!--1. DispatcherServlet-->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <!--注意：這里加載的是總的配置文件，總配置文件中撬讽，通過import引入其它配置文件-->
            <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <!--啟動(dòng)級(jí)別-1-->
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
        <!--所有請(qǐng)求都會(huì)被springmvc攔截蕊连，不包含.jsp -->
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

    <!--2. 亂碼過濾-->
    <filter>
        <filter-name>encoding</filter-name>
        <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>encoding</param-name>
            <param-value>utf-8</param-value>
        </init-param>
    </filter>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>encoding</filter-name>
        <!--注意：使用/* 不能用/-->
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>

    <!--3. 設(shè)置Session過期時(shí)間-->
    <session-config>
        <session-timeout>15</session-timeout>
    </session-config>
</web-app>

• 配置 SpringMVC 的配置文件：如 springmvc-servlet.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
       https://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
       https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
    <!--配置SpringMVC-->
    <!-- 1. 開啟SpringMVC注解驅(qū)動(dòng)，注意導(dǎo)入mvc的頭文件-->
    <mvc:annotation-driven/>
    <!--2. 靜態(tài)資源過濾-->
    <mvc:default-servlet-handler/>
    <!--3. 掃描包：Controller-->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.study.controller"/>
    <!--4. 視圖解析器-->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" id="InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <!--前綴-->
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>
        <!--后綴-->
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
    </bean>
</beans>

• 創(chuàng)建對(duì)應(yīng)的 jsp 目錄：

• 整合 Spring 總配置文件：applicationContext.xml

  • web.xml 中需要加載這個(gè)總配置文件游昼；

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
    <!--dao層-->
    <import resource="spring-dao.xml"/>
    <!--service層-->
    <import resource="spring-service.xml"/>
    <!--controller層-->
    <import resource="springmvc-servlet.xml"/>
</beans>

五甘苍、Controller 和視圖層編寫

5.1 Controller

• 創(chuàng)建 Controller 類：如 BookController

• 示意圖：

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/book")
public class BookController {
    // controller調(diào)service層
    // 注解方式實(shí)現(xiàn)自動(dòng)裝配Bean
    @Autowired
    @Qualifier("BookServiceImpl")
    private BookService bookService;

    // 示例方法
    @RequestMapping("/allBook")
    public String list(Model model) {
        List<Books> list = bookService.queryAllBook();
        model.addAttribute("list", list);
        return "allBook";
        // 重定向
        // return "redirect:/book/allBook";
    }
    // ...其它方法
}

5.2 視圖頁(yè)面

• 在 jsp 目錄下，創(chuàng)建對(duì)應(yīng)的視圖頁(yè)面：allBook.jsp

<%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>書籍展示</title>
    <!-- 引入 Bootstrap -->
    <link  rel="stylesheet">
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
    <div class="row clearfix">
        <div class="col-md-12 column">
            <div class="page-header">
                <h1>
                    <small>書籍列表 - 顯示所有書籍</small>
                </h1>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
    <div class="row">
        <div class="col-md-4 column">
            <a class="btn btn-primary"
               href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/book/toAddBook">新增</a>
            <a class="btn btn-primary" href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/book/allBook">顯示全部書籍</a>
        </div>
        <%--添加書籍查詢功能--%>
        <div class="col-md-8 column">
            <form class="form-inline" action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/book/queryBook" method="post"
                  style="float: right">
                <%--前端返回錯(cuò)誤信息--%>
                <span style="color:red;font-weight: bold">
                    ${error}
                </span>
                <input type="text" name="queryBookName" class="form-control" placeholder="輸入查詢書名" required>
                <input type="submit" value="查詢" class="btn btn-primary">
            </form>
        </div>
    </div>
    <div class="row clearfix">
        <div class="col-md-12 column">
            <table class="table table-hover table-striped">
                <thead>
                <tr>
                    <th>書籍編號(hào)</th>
                    <th>書籍名字</th>
                    <th>書籍?dāng)?shù)量</th>
                    <th>書籍詳情</th>
                    <th>操作</th>
                </tr>
                </thead>
                <tbody>
                <c:forEach var="book" items="${list}">
                    <tr>
                        <td>${book.bookID}</td>
                        <td>${book.bookName}</td>
                        <td>${book.bookCounts}</td>
                        <td>${book.detail}</td>
                        <td>
                            <a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/book/toUpdateBook?id=${book.bookID}">更改</a>
                            |
                                <%--RestFul風(fēng)格--%>
                            <a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/book/delBook/${book.bookID}">刪除</a>
                        </td>
                    </tr>
                </c:forEach>
                </tbody>
            </table>
        </div>
    </div>
</div>
</body>
</html>

5.3 運(yùn)行測(cè)試

• 測(cè)試數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)：

CREATE DATABASE `ssmbuild`;
USE `ssmbuild`;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `books`;
CREATE TABLE `books` (
    `bookID` INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '書id',
    `bookName` VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL COMMENT '書名',
    `bookCounts` INT NOT NULL COMMENT '數(shù)量',
    `detail` VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL COMMENT '描述',
    KEY `bookID` (`bookID`)
) ENGINE=INNODB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4;

INSERT INTO `books`(`bookID`,`bookName`,`bookCounts`,`detail`)VALUES
(1,'Java',1,'從入門到放棄'),
(2,'MySQL',10,'從刪庫(kù)到跑路'),
(3,'Linux',5,'從進(jìn)門到進(jìn)牢');

• 配置 Tomcat烘豌；

• 注意：需要添加 lib 依賴载庭，否則報(bào)錯(cuò)：

• 運(yùn)行測(cè)試：