背景說(shuō)明
本文使用MySQL 5.7進(jìn)行分析盗扒,系統(tǒng)環(huán)境MacBook划鸽,討論驗(yàn)證wait_timeout作用,MySQL默認(rèn)配置文件/etc/my.cnf
一序芦、MySQL默認(rèn)配置下的線程連接情況
1靡狞、MySQL默認(rèn)wait_timeout=8hour
show variables like '%wait_timeout%'
image.png
2褪那、查看MySQL線程連接情況
2.1 背景:?jiǎn)?dòng)SpringBoot項(xiàng)目(訪問(wèn)DB即可)只配置默認(rèn)DataSource參數(shù)半醉,使用Tomcat8
- 設(shè)置參數(shù)
- username
- password
- jdbc_url
2.2 查看線程連接情況
show full processlist
image.png
2.3 線程情況說(shuō)明
- SpringBoot項(xiàng)目默認(rèn)使用Connection Pool連接池
- 且每個(gè)Connection Pool線程數(shù)默認(rèn)10個(gè)
- 圖中的Time字段表示command字段標(biāo)記的狀態(tài)持續(xù)的時(shí)間,單位秒
- 如疚俱,Sleep 410s
- 默認(rèn)情況下,只要time<8h該鏈接可以一直存在缩多,即MySQL Server不會(huì)關(guān)閉/丟掉該鏈接
二呆奕、更改MySQL server wait_timeout默認(rèn)時(shí)間
1、使用配置文件方式更新
- 編輯/etc/my.cnf文件在mysqld下面添加wait_timeout行,設(shè)為60s(一分鐘)
- 重啟MySQL
[mysqld]
wait_timeout=60
character-set-server=utf8mb4
default-time-zone = '+8:00'
[client]
default-character-set=utf8mb4
[mysql]
default-character-set=utf8mb4
- 驗(yàn)證更改有效(注意此處要加global)
show global gvariables like '%wait_timeout%'
2衬吆、重新啟動(dòng)SpringBoot應(yīng)用
2.1 不斷執(zhí)行:show full processlist命令
- SpringBoot應(yīng)用起來(lái)后梁钾,先不去調(diào)用頁(yè)面上的操作,如登錄逊抡、刷新等
- 目的:是讓SpringBoot應(yīng)用不做數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)請(qǐng)求的動(dòng)作姆泻,讓MySQL wait 60s之后,再進(jìn)行頁(yè)面操作,這樣就會(huì)報(bào)wait_timeout Exception
image.png
- 目的:是讓SpringBoot應(yīng)用不做數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)請(qǐng)求的動(dòng)作姆泻,讓MySQL wait 60s之后,再進(jìn)行頁(yè)面操作,這樣就會(huì)報(bào)wait_timeout Exception
image.png
image.png
2.2 結(jié)果分析
- 可以看到在Time達(dá)到60s后拇勃,SpringBoot線程池的線程連接在MySQL Server端已經(jīng)被MySQL 關(guān)閉蛾娶,即最后一幅圖
- 連接分兩端,MySQLserver單方面因?yàn)槌^(guò)wait_timeout超時(shí)就把連接關(guān)了
- 但SpringBoot線程池中連接還保存著潜秋,這會(huì)導(dǎo)致蛔琅,Spring應(yīng)用執(zhí)行SQL操作時(shí)報(bào)錯(cuò)
- 前提:60s內(nèi)不要進(jìn)行頁(yè)面操作
- 若,60s內(nèi)頁(yè)面不斷請(qǐng)求數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)峻呛,則time字段會(huì)不斷刷新罗售,刷新為頁(yè)面請(qǐng)求DB后sleep的時(shí)長(zhǎng),這樣也可以避免wait_timeout Exception
Caused by: com.mysql.cj.exceptions.CJCommunicationsException: The last packet successfully received from the server was 355,390 milliseconds ago. The last packet sent successfully to the server was 355,390 milliseconds ago. is longer than the server configured value of 'wait_timeout'. You should consider either expiring and/or testing connection validity before use in your application, increasing the server configured values for client timeouts, or using the Connector/J connection property 'autoReconnect=true' to avoid this problem.
at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:45)
at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:423)
at com.mysql.cj.exceptions.ExceptionFactory.createException(ExceptionFactory.java:61)
at com.mysql.cj.exceptions.ExceptionFactory.createException(ExceptionFactory.java:105)
at com.mysql.cj.exceptions.ExceptionFactory.createException(ExceptionFactory.java:151)
at com.mysql.cj.exceptions.ExceptionFactory.createCommunicationsException(ExceptionFactory.java:167)
at com.mysql.cj.protocol.a.NativeProtocol.readMessage(NativeProtocol.java:562)
at com.mysql.cj.protocol.a.NativeProtocol.checkErrorMessage(NativeProtocol.java:732)
at com.mysql.cj.protocol.a.NativeProtocol.sendCommand(NativeProtocol.java:671)
at com.mysql.cj.protocol.a.NativeProtocol.sendQueryPacket(NativeProtocol.java:986)
at com.mysql.cj.NativeSession.execSQL(NativeSession.java:1157)
at com.mysql.cj.jdbc.ClientPreparedStatement.executeInternal(ClientPreparedStatement.java:947)
... 62 more
Caused by: java.net.SocketException: Connection reset
at java.net.SocketInputStream.read(SocketInputStream.java:210)
at java.net.SocketInputStream.read(SocketInputStream.java:141)
at com.mysql.cj.protocol.ReadAheadInputStream.fill(ReadAheadInputStream.java:107)
at com.mysql.cj.protocol.ReadAheadInputStream.readFromUnderlyingStreamIfNecessary(ReadAheadInputStream.java:150)
at com.mysql.cj.protocol.ReadAheadInputStream.read(ReadAheadInputStream.java:180)
- 此時(shí)還有一個(gè)現(xiàn)象钩述,就是SpringBoot應(yīng)用連接池連接長(zhǎng)久處于close_wait狀態(tài)
- 我們知道close_wait狀態(tài)是Tcp被動(dòng)關(guān)閉連接方所處的狀態(tài)寨躁,即A->B,A要和B斷絕夫妻關(guān)系,A通知了B說(shuō)我要關(guān)閉了牙勘,B想了想說(shuō)同意也告訴A一聲(B告訴之后處于close_wait狀態(tài))职恳,可是B還等著A回個(gè)聲,但A再也沒(méi)有回聲方面,B就一直close_wait
admindeMacBook-Pro-7:~ 07$ lsof -iTCP |grep mysql
java 17752 qiankai07 166u IPv6 0xf3d007512bb170e9 0t0 TCP localhost:52540->localhost:mysql (ESTABLISHED)
java 17752 qiankai07 167u IPv6 0xf3d007512bb13d29 0t0 TCP localhost:52541->localhost:mysql (ESTABLISHED)
java 17752 qiankai07 168u IPv6 0xf3d007512bb159e9 0t0 TCP localhost:52542->localhost:mysql (ESTABLISHED)
java 17752 qiankai07 169u IPv6 0xf3d0075121c60569 0t0 TCP localhost:52543->localhost:mysql (ESTABLISHED)
java 17752 qiankai07 170u IPv6 0xf3d0075121c610e9 0t0 TCP localhost:52544->localhost:mysql (ESTABLISHED)
java 17752 qiankai07 171u IPv6 0xf3d0075121c5ee69 0t0 TCP localhost:52545->localhost:mysql (ESTABLISHED)
java 17752 qiankai07 172u IPv6 0xf3d0075121c60b29 0t0 TCP localhost:52546->localhost:mysql (ESTABLISHED)
java 17752 qiankai07 173u IPv6 0xf3d007511c1cb8a9 0t0 TCP localhost:52547->localhost:mysql (ESTABLISHED)
java 17752 qiankai07 174u IPv6 0xf3d007511c1cbe69 0t0 TCP localhost:52548->localhost:mysql (ESTABLISHED)
java 17752 qiankai07 175u IPv6 0xf3d007511c1cb2e9 0t0 TCP localhost:52549->localhost:mysql (ESTABLISHED)
java 17752 qiankai07 176u IPv6 0xf3d007511c1cdb29 0t0 TCP localhost:52550->localhost:mysql (CLOSE_WAIT)
java 17752 qiankai07 177u IPv6 0xf3d007512232ad29 0t0 TCP localhost:52551->localhost:mysql (CLOSE_WAIT)
java 17752 qiankai07 178u IPv6 0xf3d007512232e0e9 0t0 TCP localhost:52552->localhost:mysql (CLOSE_WAIT)
java 17752 qiankai07 179u IPv6 0xf3d00751201e5b29 0t0 TCP localhost:52553->localhost:mysql (CLOSE_WAIT)
java 17752 qiankai07 180u IPv6 0xf3d007511c391e69 0t0 TCP localhost:52554->localhost:mysql (CLOSE_WAIT)
java 17752 qiankai07 181u IPv6 0xf3d007511c3912e9 0t0 TCP localhost:52555->localhost:mysql (CLOSE_WAIT)
java 17752 qiankai07 182u IPv6 0xf3d007511c392fa9 0t0 TCP localhost:52556->localhost:mysql (CLOSE_WAIT)
java 17752 qiankai07 183u IPv6 0xf3d007511c3918a9 0t0 TCP localhost:52557->localhost:mysql (CLOSE_WAIT)
java 17752 qiankai07 184u IPv6 0xf3d00750ff44f9e9 0t0 TCP localhost:52558->localhost:mysql (CLOSE_WAIT)
java 17752 qiankai07 185u IPv6 0xf3d00750ff450569 0t0 TCP localhost:52559->localhost:mysql (CLOSE_WAIT)
三放钦、總結(jié)
就算以MySQL默認(rèn) wait_timeout值(8hour)有時(shí)候也會(huì)報(bào)wait_timeout異常** 解決wait_timeout異常
1. 可以將wait_timeout設(shè)為更高值
- Linux系統(tǒng)最高1年
2. 使用阿里德魯伊Druid作為數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)連接池
3. 使用spring.datasource.testWhileIdle=true字段
- 默認(rèn)會(huì)在3、4s間隔刷新sleep線程恭金,是sleep 線程Time字段最長(zhǎng)為3操禀、4 秒就不會(huì)超過(guò)wait_timeout的60s了
- 頁(yè)面不進(jìn)行操作也會(huì)刷新sleep時(shí)長(zhǎng)
image.png
流程總結(jié)
- client(SpringBoot 連接池)連接處于空閑狀態(tài)((沒(méi)有執(zhí)行select等操作))的時(shí)長(zhǎng)超過(guò)了MySQL設(shè)置的wait_timeout時(shí)間,MySQL單方面就把連接給關(guān)閉了横腿,連接池再用這個(gè)關(guān)閉的連接做事情就報(bào)錯(cuò)
- MySQL關(guān)閉連接后颓屑,Java連接池的連接都處于close_wait狀態(tài),而不是一開(kāi)始的establish狀態(tài),本質(zhì)是SpringBoot是用這些close_wait狀態(tài)做事的所以就報(bào)錯(cuò)了
- 從另一方面看耿焊,MySQL的wait_timeout若設(shè)為一個(gè)較大值揪惦,Java連接池的線程一直處于establish狀態(tài),隨時(shí)執(zhí)行操作而不報(bào)錯(cuò)**
testWhileIdel會(huì)保持連接新鮮程度
四罗侯、附-常用命令
#Mac MySQL重啟
#啟動(dòng)MySQL服務(wù)
sudo /usr/local/[MySQL](http://lib.csdn.net/base/14 "undefined")/support-files/mysql.server start
#停止MySQL服務(wù)
sudo /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server stop
#重啟MySQL服務(wù)
sudo /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server restart
#Mac取代netstat方式查看tcp,可以用grep做很多事
lsof -iTCP |grep mysql