title: dictated by
date: 2019-03-13 08:50:08
NO_sents: 171
NO_references: 106

dictated by

• The extent of marker-QTL LD is dictated by the relationship between Ne and the number of markers used (Grattapaglia and Resende 2011). (Thistlethwaite et al., 2019)
• As will be discussed in the next chapter, if the product of population size and selection coefficient is much smaller than 1, the gene frequency change is dictated by random genetic drift and no fertility excess is required. (Nei, 1975)
• We also considered different orderings 愼? e.g. adding panels as dictated by a greedy algorithm based on cross-validation accuracy 愼? but these did not change our qualitative results (data not shown). (Howie, Marchini, Stephens, 2011)
• We repeated this procedure across a range of khap values and with various reference panels, which were creating by cumulatively adding HapMap 3 panels in the order dictated by genome-wide average FST. (Howie, Marchini, Stephens, 2011)
• Given the large area of the Ozarks under consideration, the types of fires occurring between 1748 and 1810 were highly variable and likely dictated by topography as well as climate (Guyette and others 2002). (Kabrick et al., 2007)
• Selection intensities applied are dictated by the size of the breeding population and the calculated annual rate of replacement of families or clones in the production population (approximately one family or three clones). (Carron, Aken, 1992)
• If a positive balance is achieved the surplus biomass is distributed among four main compartments: trunk plus bark, branches, foliage and roots, as dictated by allometric relationships. (Fern??ndez et al., 2011)
• Further sensitivity analyses are generally dictated by the nature and the specifics of the question that the meta-analysis tries to answer and by the possible reasons that can be identified to explain heterogeneity. (Lau, Ioannidis, Schmid, 1997)
• This is advantageous for the sugarcane industry, as processing factories are capable of producing both sugar and/or ethanol, the choice of which product to make is dictated by the demand for each commodity. (Murovec, Bohanec, 2012)
• Really, the choice among these possibilities should be dictated by the nature of the mechanisms that are thought to underlie the particular clustering phenomenon. (Witten et al., 2016)
• However, because these mechanisms are rarely known--the very existence of clusters is, after all, something that we're trying to discover--and for pragmatic reasons too, the choice is usually dictated by the clustering tools that are available. (Witten et al., 2016)
• This formulation as a loss- and regularizer-based objective function gives us the freedom to choose either probabilistic losses or other loss functions dictated by the needs of the application. (Witten et al., 2016)
• Thus the number of loci allowed to mismatch is dictated by the genotyping error rate and the expected number of false pairs. (Anderson, Ng, 2014)
• Which computational questions are addressed is dictated by the underlying biological hypotheses. (Valentin et al., 2007)
• In this manner, this type of neural network can also be viewed as a regression model, but with the extent of non-linearity dictated by the type of activation functions used. (Gianola et al., 2011)
• Thus, plant growth is a highly coordinated activity in which biomass is partitioned to the various organs according to the need while maintaining a physiological balance among them dictated by basic biological principles. (Wang et al., 2014)
• Although the choice of a study system will normally be dictated by the presence of biological features of interest, it is nevertheless important to consider aspects of fish biology and ecology that might affect study design. (Wilson, Ferguson, 2002)
• A case-by-case framework is dictated by the nature of the diversity and complexity of the consequences of different proposed interventions. (Amato et al., 2009)
• Target marker density will be at least one marker in LD with each QTL need not be dictated by the rate of LD decay across the genome, as met to derive useful prediction models for GEBV. (Heffner, Sorrells, Jannink, 2009)
• Modelling efforts within the FSPM domain are mostly concerned with the acquisition, transport and use of matter and energy from sources to sinks through pathways dictated by plant architecture, such as light, carbon, water and soil minerals, and how these environmental parameters affect growth and morphology of the resulting 36 L. (Yin, Struik, 2015)
• The structural framework thus created is used to simulate and analyse the dynamics of assimilate flow as dictated by local (potential) growth rates and assimilate availability in the central pool. (Yin, Struik, 2015)
• The extent of this problem will, in part, be dictated by the additive genetic correlation between the trait values in the morphs. (Wolak, Roff, Fairbairn, 2015)