Young Ghanaians risk all for "better" life
年輕的加納人為了“更好”的生活冒險
Some migrate within Africa while others take the risky route to Europe
有些人在非洲移民而另外一些人冒險闖入歐洲
BY EFAM AWO DOVI
Every week, in the Brong Ahafo Region — one of Ghana’s major food baskets — vehicles load up with men between 18 and 40 years old. Many, mostly the younger men, hope to reach Europe, while others head for more prosperous countries in Africa. Irrespective of their final destination, they have common aspirations: hopes of good jobs and better lives for themselves and the families they leave behind.
每周在博朗·艾方（Brong Ahafo）地區(qū)，這是加納的主要糧食產(chǎn)地膳灶，卡車上主要裝載著18-40歲的男性轧钓，很多人聋迎，大部分年輕男性枣耀，都希望去歐洲，而剩余的人希望能去非洲較繁榮的國家發(fā)展牺堰，不在意最后到達(dá)哪里伟葫，他們有著同樣的愿望院促，希望能獲得優(yōu)渥的工作常拓，為背后的家庭和自己提高生活水平。
Kofi Twum made that trip years ago. He was only 18 and had lost his father at an early age. His mother, a subsistence farmer, became the sole breadwinner of the family. When Twum completed junior secondary school, he hawked yams to help his mother. But their living conditions worsened and Twum, fifth among six children, felt the need to work elsewhere.
科夫·圖峰幾年前也曾同樣出行過茎辐。他才18歲拖陆，而且父親很早就去世懊亡，他母親是農(nóng)民店枣，基本能養(yǎng)活家庭孔飒，是家庭的唯一經(jīng)濟(jì)支柱灌闺。圖峰初中畢業(yè)后，他就為母親吆喝糧食減輕負(fù)擔(dān)坏瞄。但是他們的生活卻一落千丈桂对，而圖峰，在家里六個孩子里排名第五鸠匀，認(rèn)為需要去工作來減輕家庭負(fù)擔(dān)蕉斜。
“I wanted to go to Italy to be able to support my mother,” Twum told Africa Renewal from his home in the town of Nkoranza in northern Ghana.
“ 我希望能去意大利工作后來幫助媽媽減輕負(fù)擔(dān)，”圖峰在加納北部諾卡冉薩州的家里和《非洲新報》的記者表明自己的想法缀棍。
In 2014, with financial support from his brother, Twum joined a group of 35 young men on a journey through the Sahara Desert to Libya, where they were to take a boat to Europe.
2014年宅此，得到哥哥的經(jīng)濟(jì)支持，圖峰加入了一個小組父腕，一共35個年輕男性，穿過撒哈拉沙漠到利比亞青瀑，然后乘船抵達(dá)歐洲璧亮。
However, hopping a crowded boat out of Libya on his third attempt to cross the Mediterranean, he was arrested and deported to Ghana. He arrived empty-handed. Twum, now a street preacher in his 30s, tells Africa Renewal that he still hopes to make it to Europe one day, this time by some other route.
但是，他已經(jīng)是第三次在利比亞跳上擁擠的船斥难，穿越地中海枝嘶，他還是被別人捉住遣回加納。他空手而歸哑诊。圖峰三十幾歲群扶，在街上吆喝賣菜，他和《非洲日報》說自己依舊想有一天能去歐洲镀裤，但這次想試試看別的路途竞阐。
A hazardous journey
驚險的旅程
Most Ghanaian migrants trying to reach Europe via Libya go through Burkina Faso to Agadez, Niger. From there they join others from West Africa and other areas who are fleeing conflict and persecution.
很多從加納來的人都試著通過布吉亞到尼日爾的阿加德茲（Agadez），從那里他們可以加入到一群來自非洲西部和其他地區(qū)的人暑劝，他們都是為了逃避沖突和迫害馁菜。
With the services of middlemen, they travel on overloaded trucks in convoys and part of the way on foot through the Sahara Desert to the Borkou region near the Libyan border. It’s a death-defying experience. Many die from exhaustion and dehydration.
有了中介的幫助，他們乘上超載的運(yùn)貨卡車铃岔，有一部分的路程只能徒步行走，穿過撒哈拉沙漠到達(dá)利比亞邊界區(qū)域的博庫（Borku）峭火，這是和死亡對抗毁习，不少人都死于疲憊不堪和失水過多。
Twum recalls the human traffickers and their extortionate demands for money. Also unforgettable was the sight of many lifeless bodies abandoned in the hot Saharan Desert. “Some were leaning on the rocks, they looked like they were sleeping, others were buried in the dust,” he recalled.
圖峰想起那些人販子以及他們漫天開價的模樣卖丸，而且最令人難以忘懷的是在悶熱的撒哈拉沙漠看到很多遺棄的尸體躺在地上纺且，“有些人靠在石頭上，看起來像是在睡覺稍浆，還有一些人則埋在沙塵中载碌〔轮觯”他回憶道。
Three of his fellow travellers died. “They couldn’t continue the walk. When that happens, we try to encourage them, but after a while you have to leave them, because if you’re left behind you’ll lose your way, and you’ll soon die,” he said. “These were people I knew, we travelled together from Nkoronza. I called their families later from Tripoli to inform them.”
和他同行的三個出行伙伴也死了嫁艇，“他們走不下去了朗伶，那一刻，我們一直嘗試鼓勵他們步咪，但是不久就只能把他們留在那里论皆，因?yàn)槿绻氵h(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)落在隊伍后面，就會迷失方向猾漫，自己過不久也會死的点晴，”他說，“這些是我的朋友悯周，我們從那里出發(fā)粒督，后來我在給他們家人打電話通知這件事。
Twum’s story is all too common in the Brong Ahafo Region, with echoes across Ghana and other sub-Saharan African countries.
圖峰的經(jīng)歷在這個地方真的是司空見慣了禽翼，從加納到其他次撒哈拉地區(qū)都遍布同樣經(jīng)歷的人
During the 2011 Libyan crisis and the overthrow of Muammar Gaddafi, more than 18,000 Ghanaian migrants in Libya were evacuated, according to the International Organization for Migration (IOM) office in Ghana. The actual number of returnees, however, could be higher as some migrants managed to get out of Libya on their own before the crisis worsened.
加納的國際移民局稱屠橄，2011年由于利比亞危機(jī)的爆發(fā)和卡扎菲政府傾覆，超過18000個住在利比亞的加納移民都撤離利比亞捐康。而實(shí)際遣返回國的人數(shù)卻可能更高仇矾，因?yàn)楹芏嗳诉x擇在危機(jī)加劇前逃出利比亞。
The majority of the returnees were sent back to the Brong AhafoRegion, from which they came, according to the IOM, which supported the Ghanaian government in evacuating its stranded nationals.
根據(jù)國際移民局所說解总，大部分回來的人都回去他們原本的地方--博朗·艾方贮匕，而且當(dāng)局還幫助加納政府遣返滯留在利比亞的同胞。
For many families in Brong Ahafo, having a relative in Europe confers prestige and the prospect of remittances. “Every household hopes to have someone in Europe,” says Walter Kwao-Anati, the director of migration at Ghana’s Ministry of the Interior.
對于博朗艾方的千千萬萬個家庭而言花枫，在歐洲有親人意味著無上的光榮和收到海外匯付的幸福刻盐，沃特·科沃安納是加納內(nèi)務(wù)部的移民局局長，說道劳翰，“每個家庭都希望歐洲有人脈或親人敦锌。”
In some cases, he adds, “There is community support for relatives to leave, because your family will be looked down upon if no one has left for Europe.”
而就其他方面而言佳簸，他繼續(xù)說道乙墙，“社區(qū)會提供幫助支持離開加納的親人，因?yàn)榧依餂]人前往歐洲生均，會被人看不起的听想。”
And there is also the expectation of financial support to the family back home, which helps to improve the family’s living conditions. According to the African Development Bank’s African Economic Outlook 2015 report, remittances, at $64 billion in 2015, remain the most stable and important single source of external finance to Africa.
而且他們也希望離開后的親人能給家里以經(jīng)濟(jì)支持马胧，能提升他們的生活水平汉买。根據(jù)非洲發(fā)展銀行2015年的非洲經(jīng)濟(jì)前景報告，2015年匯付達(dá)640億美元佩脊，成為非洲外部最穩(wěn)定也最重要的唯一經(jīng)濟(jì)來源蛙粘。
But beneath the veil of perceived prestige are bigger national development issues. Kwao-Anati admits that in the case of Ghana, “Poverty is one of the major reasons why people migrate in search of economic opportunities.”
但是在這個外表光鮮之下是國家的發(fā)展問題垫卤，這個問題涉及得更大，科瓦安納承認(rèn)出牧，在加納的這件事上穴肘，“貧窮是驅(qū)動人們不停移民尋求經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展機(jī)會的唯一原因〈蘖校”
