1.先看上一篇文章

如果你還沒有配置VSCode相關(guān)C++的環(huán)境和擴(kuò)展譬挚，先看上一篇文章macOS使用VSCode編輯Cpp(c++)

2.tasks.json

這個(gè)是無注釋的文件

{
    "version": "2.0.0",
    "tasks": [
        {
            "label": "g++ compile",
            "type": "shell",
            "command": "g++",
            "args": [
                "${file}",
                "-o",
                "${fileDirname}/${fileBasenameNoExtension}.out",
                "-W",
                "-Wall",
                "-g",
                "-std=c++17"
            ],
            "group": {
                "kind": "build",
                "isDefault": true
            },
            "presentation": {
                "echo": true,
                "reveal": "silent",
                "focus": false,
                "panel": "shared",
                "showReuseMessage": true,
                "clear": false
            },
            "options": {
                "cwd": "${workspaceFolder}"
            },
            "problemMatcher": {
                "owner": "cpp",
                "fileLocation": "absolute",
                "pattern": {
                    "regexp": "^(.*):(\\d+):(\\d+):\\s+(warning|error):\\s+(.*)$",
                    "file": 1,
                    "line": 2,
                    "column": 3,
                    "severity": 4,
                    "message": 5
                }
            }
        },
        {
            "label": "Open Terminal.app",
            "type": "shell",
            "command": "osascript -e 'tell application \"Terminal\"\ndo script \"echo now VS Code is able to open Terminal.app\"\nend tell'",
            "problemMatcher": [],
            "group": "none"
        }
    ]
}

這個(gè)是帶注釋的文件青伤，但是可能由于編輯原因，直接復(fù)制這個(gè)可能會(huì)報(bào)錯(cuò)殴瘦，需要自己手動(dòng)更改，這里僅作注釋參考

{
  // Tasks in VS Code can be configured to run scripts and start processes
  // so that many of these existing tools can be used from within VS Code 
  // without having to enter a command line or write new code.
  // Workspace or folder specific tasks are configured from the tasks.json file in the .vscode folder for a workspace.
  "version": "2.0.0",
  "tasks": [
    {
      // The task's label used in the user interface.
      // Terminal -> Run Task... 看到的名字
      "label": "g++ compile",
      // The task's type. For a custom task, this can either be shell or process.
      // If shell is specified, the command is interpreted as a shell command (for example: bash, cmd, or PowerShell).
      // If process is specified, the command is interpreted as a process to execute.
      "type": "shell",// shell: 輸入命令
      // The actual command to execute.
      // 因?yàn)間++已經(jīng)在環(huán)境變量中了号杠，所以我們這里寫命令就行不用寫g++的絕對(duì)路徑
      "command": "g++",
      "args": [
        "${file}", // 表示當(dāng)前文件（絕對(duì)路徑）
        // 在這里添加你還需要鏈接的.cpp文件
        "-o",
        "${fileDirname}/${fileBasenameNoExtension}.out",
        "-W",
        "-Wall",
        "-g",
        "-std=c++17",
      ],
      // Defines to which execution group this task belongs to.
      // It supports "build" to add it to the build group and "test" to add it to the test group.
      // Tasks that belong to the build/test group can be executed by running Run Build/Test Task from the Command Palette (sft cmd P).
      // Valid values:
      //   "build",
      //   {"kind":"build","isDefault":true}, 
      //   "test",
      //   {"kind":"test","isDefault":true}, 
      //   "none".
      "group": {
        "kind": "build",
        "isDefault": true, // Defines if this task is the default task in the group.
      },
      // Configures the panel that is used to present the task's output and reads its input.
      "presentation": {
        // Controls whether the executed command is echoed to the panel. Default is true.
        "echo": true, // 打開可以看到編譯的命令蚪腋，把命令本身輸出一次
        // Controls whether the terminal running the task is revealed or not. Default is "always".
        //   always: Always reveals the terminal when this task is executed.
        //   silent: Only reveals the terminal if the task exits with an error or the problem matcher finds an error.(會(huì)顯示錯(cuò)誤，但不會(huì)顯示警告)
        //   never: Never reveals the terminal when this task is executed.
        "reveal": "silent", // 控制在集成終端中是否顯示姨蟋。如果沒問題那我不希望終端被切換屉凯、如果有問題我希望能看到編譯過程哪里出錯(cuò)，所以選silent(可能always會(huì)好一些)
        // Controls whether the panel takes focus. Default is false.
        "focus": false, // 我的理解是：是否將鼠標(biāo)移過去眼溶。因?yàn)檫@個(gè)是編譯任務(wù)悠砚，我們不需要輸入什么東西，所以選false
        // Controls if the panel is shared between tasks, dedicated to this task or a new one is created on every run.
        "panel": "shared", // shared:不同任務(wù)的輸出使用同一個(gè)終端panel（為了少生成幾個(gè)panel我們選shared）
        // Controls whether to show the `Terminal will be reused by tasks, press any key to close it` message.
        "showReuseMessage": true, // 就一句話堂飞，你想看就true灌旧，不想看就false
        // Controls whether the terminal is cleared before executing the task.
        "clear": false, // 還是保留之前的task輸出信息比較好绑咱。所以不清理
      },
      // Other two choices: options & runOptions (cmd I to use IntelliSense)
      "options": {
        // The current working directory of the executed program or script. If omitted Code's current workspace root is used.
        "cwd": "${workspaceFolder}",// 默認(rèn)就是這個(gè)，刪掉也沒問題
      },
      // problemMatcher: 用正則表達(dá)式提取g++的輸出中的錯(cuò)誤信息并將其顯示到VS Code下方的Problems窗口
      // check: https://code.visualstudio.com/docs/editor/tasks#_defining-a-problem-matcher
      "problemMatcher": {
        "owner": "cpp",
        "fileLocation": "absolute",
        "pattern": {
          "regexp": "^(.*):(\\d+):(\\d+):\\s+(warning|error):\\s+(.*)$",
          "file": 1,
          "line": 2,
          "column": 3,
          "severity": 4,
          "message": 5,
        },
      },
      // 官網(wǎng)教程 https://code.visualstudio.com/docs/cpp/config-clang-mac#_build-helloworldcpp 
      // 提到了另一種problemMatcher枢泰，但試了之后好像不起作用描融，甚至還把我原本的電腦搞出了一些問題……
    },
    {
      "label": "Open Terminal.app",
      "type": "shell",
      "command": "osascript -e 'tell application \"Terminal\"\ndo script \"echo now VS Code is able to open Terminal.app\"\nend tell'",
      "problemMatcher": [],
      "group": "none",
    }
  ]
}

3.launch.json

這個(gè)是無注釋的文件

{
    "version": "0.2.0",
    "configurations": [
        {
            "type": "cppdbg",
            "request": "launch",
            "name": "C++ Debug",
            "preLaunchTask": "g++ compile",
            "program": "${fileDirname}/${fileBasenameNoExtension}.out", 
            "args": [],
            "environment": [],
            "cwd": "${workspaceFolder}",
            "stopAtEntry": false,
            "externalConsole": true,
            "MIMode": "lldb"
        }
    ]
}

這個(gè)是帶注釋的文件，但是可能由于編輯原因衡蚂，直接復(fù)制這個(gè)可能會(huì)報(bào)錯(cuò)窿克，需要自己手動(dòng)更改，這里僅作注釋參考

{
  // One of the key features of Visual Studio Code is its great debugging support.
  // VS Code's built-in debugger helps accelerate your edit, compile and debug loop.
  // VS Code keeps debugging configuration information in a launch.json file
  // located in a .vscode folder in your workspace (project root folder).
  "version": "0.2.0",
  "configurations": [
    {
      /* ------ these three options are mandatory ------ */
      // The type of debugger to use for this launch configuration.
      "type": "cppdbg", // C++ debug
      // The request type of this launch configuration. Currently, launch and attach are supported.
      //   If you come from a server or desktop background, 
      //   it's quite normal to have your editor launch your process for you, 
      //   and your editor automatically attaches its debugger to the newly launched process.
      //   A launch configuration starts your app in debug mode before VS Code attaches to it.
      // 大概意思是說毛甲，如果你開始debug的時(shí)候你的項(xiàng)目已經(jīng)啟起來了年叮，那就attach（把debug的工具附加上去）
      // 如果你開始debug的時(shí)機(jī)和你啟動(dòng)項(xiàng)目的時(shí)機(jī)是相同的，那就launch
      "request": "launch", // debug的類型玻募，launch表示啟動(dòng)只损，attach表示附加
      // The reader-friendly name to appear in the Debug launch configuration drop-down.
      "name": "C++ Debug", // 在VSCode側(cè)邊欄Run那里看到的名字（可以隨便起）
      /* ------ some optional attributes available to all launch configurations ------ */
      // To launch a task before the start of a debug session, set this attribute to the label of a task specified in tasks.json.
      "preLaunchTask": "g++ compile", //在調(diào)試之前要進(jìn)行的工作 compile是在 tasks.json 的編譯任務(wù)里面的label
      /* ------ Many debuggers support some of the following attributes: ------ */
      // executable or file to run when launching the debugger
      // ！补箍！不要在程序和代碼的路徑及文件名中出現(xiàn)空格８闹础！否則無法調(diào)試（我嘗試解決這個(gè)問題坑雅，但真的無法解決）
      "program": "${fileDirname}/${fileBasenameNoExtension}.out", // debug的對(duì)象(-g編譯出來的二進(jìn)制文件)辈挂，需要和.vscode/tasks.json中生成的可執(zhí)行文件一致
      // arguments passed to the program to debug
      "args": [], // 比如運(yùn)行你的程序添加輸入?yún)?shù)（argc/argv），需要在這里添加
      // Environment variables to add to the environment for the program
      "environment": [], // 放置環(huán)境變量
      // current working directory for finding dependencies and other files
      "cwd": "${workspaceFolder}",
      // break immediately when the program launches
      "stopAtEntry": false,
      // If true, a console is launched for the debuggee.
      // If false, on Linux and Windows, it will appear in the Integrated Console.
      "externalConsole": true,
      // 為true則會(huì)打開系統(tǒng)終端在其中進(jìn)行交互
      // 如果為 true裹粤，則為調(diào)試對(duì)象啟動(dòng)控制臺(tái)终蒂。如果為 false，它在 Linux 和 Windows 上會(huì)顯示在集成控制臺(tái)中
      // macOS不適用：https://code.visualstudio.com/docs/cpp/launch-json-reference#_externalconsole
      /* ------ Customizing GDB or LLDB ------ */
      // Indicates the debugger that VS Code will connect to. Must be set to gdb or lldb. 
      // 但是macOS只安裝了llbd（有可能是安裝命令行工具的時(shí)候安裝的）遥诉，那就用lldb吧
      "MIMode": "lldb",
    }
  ]
}

直接F5開始調(diào)試（如果你設(shè)置了多個(gè)launch可能需要在邊欄Run哪里勾選相應(yīng)的）

這里可能遇到一個(gè)問題拇泣，終端沒有任何輸出。這是什么原因呢矮锈？霉翔？？

GitHub issue｜VS Code因權(quán)限無法打開系統(tǒng)終端（大概1/2的地方）
回到tasks.json苞笨，快捷鍵??P調(diào)出VSCode的命令窗口债朵，搜索task，點(diǎn)擊Tasks: Run Task瀑凝，選擇Open Terminal.app序芦；給VS Code打開終端的權(quán)限。