What Are the Reasons?
Reasons or arguments are explanations or rationales for why we should believe a particular conclusion, providing answers for human curiosity about different decisions or opinions. They are often beliefs, evidence, metaphors, analogies, and statements. Before identifying the reasons, rarely is it wise to determine the worth of a conclusion.
Several characteristics of arguments grab our attention:
? They have intent.
? Their quality varies.
? They have two essential visible components—a conclusion and reasons.
The idea we learnt in this chapter is to ask 'why' when we encounter a conclusion. That's how we initiate the question process. Some reasons may appear with certain words as follows:
Much reasoning is long and poor-organized. One conclusion supported by some reasons may function as the main reason for another conclusion. And reasons may be supported by other reasons. When it is ?difficult to keep the structure straight in our mind to evaluate our reading critically, we can try to develop our own organizing procedure for keeping the reasons and conclusions separate and in a logical pattern.
The author indicates three tips for our critical thinking and your own writing and speaking.
Exploring possible reasons before reaching ?a conclusion
Identify major publications that cover your issue
Helping your readers identify your reasons
Thought
前一張講論題和結(jié)論，這一章開始講論證（reason-原因）雪情，書中反復(fù)強調(diào)每遇到一個結(jié)論都要提問原因遵岩，我認(rèn)為這也是辯證思考的核心。成年人和孩童相比巡通，不喜問為什么尘执，但我們真的已經(jīng)不需要問為什么了嗎？讀完這三章后我最大的感悟就是：無論何時何地宴凉，在閱讀和聆聽時誊锭，既不要不懂裝懂，也不要一味接受弥锄。不斷問為什么丧靡，為什么他說出這樣的觀點？為什么他的觀點和我的不同籽暇？我的觀點為什么正確温治？我們的觀點是否有問題？像孩童一樣詢問戒悠，像孩童一樣聆聽熬荆，像孩童一樣好奇。
