????? ?Rip和ospf協(xié)議的區(qū)別
rip協(xié)議是距離矢量路由選擇協(xié)議酬蹋，它選擇路由的度量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)（metric)是跳數(shù)身笤，最大跳數(shù)是15跳糖声，如果大于15跳斤彼，它就會(huì)丟棄數(shù)據(jù)包。
ospf協(xié)議是鏈路狀態(tài)路由選擇協(xié)議姨丈，它選擇路由的度量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是帶寬畅卓，延遲。觸發(fā)更新蟋恬，還有很多翁潘，不一一列舉
rip和ospf都可以設(shè)置被動(dòng)接口。Silence-interface
,只搶紅包不發(fā)紅包的那個(gè)人歼争。
RIP V1是以廣播的方式向周圍發(fā)送信息（255.255.255.255）
RIP V2是以組播的方式向周圍發(fā)送信息（224.0.0.X）
Rip v2自帶的匯總方式是有類匯總（/8 /16 /24的方式）拜马，手工定義匯總方式可以進(jìn)入具體端口渗勘。? Ripv1沒(méi)有，可以通過(guò)命令debugging rip 1
?????????????????????????????? terminaldebugging? 調(diào)試查看
【R-g0/0/0】Rip summary –address 具體ip地址
一般實(shí)際配置會(huì)關(guān)掉自動(dòng)匯總功能
Undo summary
路由器有一種端口可以將其改為被動(dòng)端口俩莽，例如路由器的那個(gè)口連接電腦旺坠，此口只管接受報(bào)文，不對(duì)外發(fā)送報(bào)文命令格式
Silent-interface 具體接口（例如g0/0/0）
[if !vml]
[endif]
Ospf配置和rip很類似,ospf默認(rèn)自動(dòng)匯總是關(guān)閉的扮超，所以不用像rip一樣取刃，undo summary
[if !supportLists]1）? [endif]啟動(dòng)ospf? 后面跟進(jìn)程號(hào)
[if !supportLists]2）?[endif]宣告area ,network? ospf要寫反掩碼 宣告本地接口地址掩碼全寫0，意思全匹配出刷！
Ospf要指定router-id以此來(lái)區(qū)別自己和別的ospf的身份璧疗。
Router-id可以手工指定，沒(méi)有指定系統(tǒng)會(huì)優(yōu)先選擇環(huán)回口（lookback）馁龟，然后物理端口
在一個(gè)OSPF網(wǎng)絡(luò)中崩侠，選舉一個(gè)路由器做為指定路由器DR，所有其他路由器只和它一個(gè)交換整個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的一些路由更新信息坷檩，再由它對(duì)鄰居路由器發(fā)送更新報(bào)文却音。這樣節(jié)省網(wǎng)絡(luò)流量。
再指定一個(gè)備份指定路由器BDR矢炼，當(dāng)DR出現(xiàn)故障時(shí)系瓢，BDR起著備份的作用，它再發(fā)揮作用裸删，確保網(wǎng)絡(luò)的可靠性八拱。
阵赠。
system-view
?[Huawei]sysnamer3
[r3]ospf 1 router-id 33.3.3.3? //啟動(dòng)ospf 跟隨router-id
[r3-ospf-1]area 0?? //先宣告區(qū)域
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 23.0.0.00.255.255.255
[r3-ospf-1]area 3
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]network 192.168.0.00.0.0.255
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]network 3.0.0.00.255.255.255
[r3]display?ip routing-table
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Tables: Public
????????Destinations : 21?????? Routes :22??????
Destination/Mask??? Proto??Pre? Cost????? Flags NextHop???????? Interface
???????1.0.0.1/32? OSPF??? 10??1?????????? D?? 13.0.0.1??????? GigabitEthernet0/0/0
???????2.0.0.1/32? OSPF??? 10??1?????????? D?? 23.0.0.1??????? GigabitEthernet0/0/1
???????3.0.0.0/8?? Direct? 0???0?????????? D?? 3.0.0.1???????? LoopBack0
???????3.0.0.1/32? Direct? 0???0?????????? D?? 127.0.0.1?????? LoopBack0
?3.255.255.255/32? Direct? 0???0?????????? D?? 127.0.0.1?????? LoopBack0
??????10.0.0.1/32? OSPF??? 10??1?????????? D?? 23.0.0.1??????? GigabitEthernet0/0/1
??????12.0.0.0/8?? OSPF??? 10??2?????????? D?? 13.0.0.1??????? GigabitEthernet0/0/0
??????????????????? OSPF??? 10??2?????????? D?? 23.0.0.1???????GigabitEthernet0/0/1
??????13.0.0.0/8?? Direct? 0???0?????????? D?? 13.0.0.2??????? GigabitEthernet0/0/0
??????13.0.0.2/32? Direct? 0???0?????????? D?? 127.0.0.1?????? GigabitEthernet0/0/0
?13.255.255.255/32? Direct?0??? 0?????????? D??127.0.0.1?? ????GigabitEthernet0/0/0
??????23.0.0.0/8?? Direct? 0???0?????????? D?? 23.0.0.2??????? GigabitEthernet0/0/1
??????23.0.0.2/32? Direct? 0???0?????????? D?? 127.0.0.1?????? GigabitEthernet0/0/1
?23.255.255.255/32? Direct?0??? 0?????????? D??127.0.0.1??????GigabitEthernet0/0/1
?????127.0.0.0/8?? Direct? 0???0?????????? D?? 127.0.0.1?????? InLoopBack0
?????127.0.0.1/32? Direct? 0???0?????????? D?? 127.0.0.1?????? InLoopBack0
127.255.255.255/32? Direct?0??? 0?????????? D??127.0.0.1?????? InLoopBack0
????172.16.0.1/32? OSPF??? 10??1?????????? D?? 13.0.0.1??????? GigabitEthernet0/0/0
???192.168.0.0/24? Direct? 0???0?????????? D?? 192.168.0.1???? LoopBack1
???192.168.0.1/32? Direct? 0???0?????????? D?? 127.0.0.1?????? LoopBack1
?192.168.0.255/32? Direct? 0???0?????????? D?? 127.0.0.1?????? LoopBack1
255.255.255.255/32? Direct?0??? 0?????????? D??127.0.0.1?????? InLoopBack0
?[r3]display ip routing-tableprotocol ospf? //查看ospf協(xié)議路由
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Public routing table : OSPF
????????Destinations : 5??????? Routes :6???????
OSPF routing table status :
????????Destinations : 5??????? Routes : 6
Destination/Mask??? Proto?? Pre? Cost?????Flags NextHop???????? Interface
???????1.0.0.1/32? OSPF??? 10??1?????????? D?? 13.0.0.1??????? GigabitEthernet0/0/0
???????2.0.0.1/32? OSPF??? 10??1?????????? D?? 23.0.0.1??????? GigabitEthernet0/0/1
??????10.0.0.1/32? OSPF??? 10??1?????????? D?? 23.0.0.1??????? GigabitEthernet0/0/1
??????12.0.0.0/8?? OSPF??? 10??2?????????? D?? 13.0.0.1??????? GigabitEthernet0/0/0
??????????????????? OSPF??? 10??2?????????? D?? 23.0.0.1??????? GigabitEthernet0/0/1
????172.16.0.1/32? OSPF??? 10??1?????????? D?? 13.0.0.1??????? GigabitEthernet0/0/0
OSPF routing table status :
????????Destinations : 0??????? Routes : 0
[r1-ospf-1]area 1
?[r1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network
172.16.0.1 0.0.0.0 //宣告R1物理接口環(huán)回口的掩碼全為0涯塔，意為全匹配
?[r1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network1.0.0.1 0.0.0.0
