好書(shū)
BBC 最新發(fā)布百本經(jīng)典書(shū)單，你看過(guò)幾本趋箩？
雪梨2018-06-16
雪梨
流利閱讀內(nèi)容負(fù)責(zé)人
哈佛大學(xué)語(yǔ)言教育碩士
雪梨讀詩(shī)欄目創(chuàng)始人
今日導(dǎo)讀
俗話說(shuō) “腹有詩(shī)書(shū)氣自華”，讀書(shū)是最價(jià)廉物美的化妝品之一彪标，它能讓你增長(zhǎng)見(jiàn)識(shí)表伦，提升氣質(zhì)。今年 4 月稻扬，BBC 發(fā)起有關(guān)“影響思維和歷史的 100 部虛構(gòu)故事”活動(dòng)的推薦評(píng)選，最終 100 本改變世界的經(jīng)典書(shū)單終于在一周前新鮮出爐羊瘩。最終入選的書(shū)籍有哪些呢泰佳？最受歡迎的作家又是誰(shuí)？今天我們就跟著博覽群書(shū)的雪梨老師一起來(lái)看看這張書(shū)單吧尘吗！
帶著問(wèn)題聽(tīng)講解
Q1: 書(shū)單中排名第一的是哪本書(shū)逝她？
Q2: 參與投票的都是哪些權(quán)威人士？
Q3: commend 這個(gè)詞是什么意思睬捶？
新聞?wù)?/p>
The 100 stories that shaped the world
100 個(gè)塑造了世界的故事
In April, BBC Culture polled experts around the world to nominate up to five fictional stories they felt had shaped mindsets or influenced history. We received answers from 108 authors, academics, journalists, critics and translators in 35 countries – their choices took in novels, poems, folk tales and dramas in 33 different languages.
今年四月黔宛，BBC 文化板塊邀請(qǐng)全世界的專(zhuān)業(yè)人士參與投票，讓他們提名最多五部他們認(rèn)為塑造了思維方式或者影響了歷史的虛構(gòu)文學(xué)侧戴。 我們收到了來(lái)自 35 個(gè)國(guó)家的 108 位作者宁昭、學(xué)者跌宛、記者、評(píng)論家以及譯者的答案——他們的選擇覆蓋了 33 種不同語(yǔ)言的小說(shuō)，詩(shī)歌谈跛，民間故事和戲劇箫措。
Homer’s Odyssey topped the list, followed by Uncle Tom’s Cabin – examples of the different ways in which respondents interpreted a ‘world-shaping story’, with the ancient epic having survived generations of retelling, while Harriet Beecher Stowe’s 1852 novel was commended for being “the first widely-read political novel in the US”. Frankenstein, Nineteen Eighty-Four and Things Fall Apart rounded up the top five – which features two female authors (in all, women made up 23 of the top 100 authors).
荷馬的《奧德賽》高居榜首，其次是《湯姆叔叔的小屋》——這兩本書(shū)是調(diào)訪對(duì)象用不同方式解讀“塑造世界的故事”的例子哎迄，前者是經(jīng)歷了幾代復(fù)述的古代史詩(shī)回右，而哈麗特·比徹斯托 1852 年的小說(shuō)則被贊譽(yù)為“美國(guó)第一部被廣泛閱讀的政治小說(shuō)”∈浚《弗蘭肯斯坦》翔烁，《一九八四》和《瓦解》也躋身前五位—— 前五中包括兩位女作家（前 100 位作家中一共有23位女性）。
The most popular authors of the top 100 stories were Shakespeare, Virginia Woolf and Franz Kafka, with three stories each. In among the recognised classics, there are a few texts less well-known globally: Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle, which directly led to the introduction of new federal laws on food safety, and Toba Tek Singh by Saadat Hasan Manto, praised as “a classic short story that translates the trauma of Partition through the post-Partition exchange of lunatics across the India and Pakistan border”.
前 100 名故事中最受歡迎的作家是莎士比亞旨涝，弗吉尼亞·伍爾夫和弗朗茨·卡夫卡蹬屹，每人各有三部作品入選。 在公認(rèn)的經(jīng)典文學(xué)中白华，有一些在全球范圍內(nèi)不太知名：厄普頓·辛克萊的《屠宰場(chǎng)》直接導(dǎo)致了新的聯(lián)邦食品安全法的出臺(tái)慨默，而薩達(dá)·特哈桑·曼托的《托巴特辛格》則被稱(chēng)贊為“一本經(jīng)典經(jīng)典短篇小說(shuō)弧腥，描述了印巴分治后一群精神病人在印度和巴基斯坦的邊界處被交換厦取，以此來(lái)解釋領(lǐng)土分裂帶來(lái)的創(chuàng)傷”。
It’s not a definitive list. This is just a starting point, aiming to spark a conversation about why some stories endure; how they continue to resonate centuries and millennia after they were created. And why sharing those stories is a fundamental human impulse: one that can overcome division, inspire change, and even spark revolutions.
這不是一個(gè)決定性的清單管搪。 它只是一個(gè)起點(diǎn)虾攻，旨在引發(fā)人們討論铡买，為什么有些故事能夠持久，以及它們?cè)诒粍?chuàng)作之后的幾個(gè)世紀(jì)甚至幾千年內(nèi)是如何繼續(xù)產(chǎn)生共鳴的霎箍。 我們也希望讀者可以討論寻狂，為何分享這些故事是一種基本的人類(lèi)沖動(dòng)：一個(gè)可以克服分裂，激發(fā)變化朋沮，甚至引發(fā)革命的沖動(dòng)蛇券。
—————? 文章來(lái)源 / BBC新聞
重點(diǎn)詞匯
poll/po?l/
v. 投票
e.g.
carry out/conduct a poll
an opinion poll
respondent/r??spɑ?nd?nt/
n. 調(diào)查對(duì)象
commend/k??mend/
v. 贊譽(yù)
e.g.
It says on the back cover of the book "highly commended".
trauma/?tra?m?/
n. 創(chuàng)傷，痛苦經(jīng)歷
e.g.
the trauma of marriage breakdown
childhood traumas
partition/pɑ?r?t??n/
n. 分裂
e.g.
Both sides agreed to the partition of the disputed territory.
lunatic/?lu?n?t?k/
n. 瘋子
e.g.
He drives like a lunatic.
resonate/?rez?ne?t/
v. 回響樊拓，回蕩
division/d??v??n/
n. 分開(kāi)纠亚，分隔
round up
聚攏，聚集
e.g.
We've rounded up a selection of products.
拓展內(nèi)容
BBC 發(fā)布的 100 本經(jīng)典書(shū)單
1. The Odyssey (Homer, 8th Century BC)
2. Uncle Tom’s Cabin (Harriet Beecher Stowe, 1852)
3. Frankenstein (Mary Shelley, 1818)
4. Nineteen Eighty-Four (George Orwell, 1949)
5. Things Fall Apart (Chinua Achebe, 1958)
6. One Thousand and One Nights (various authors, 8th-18th Centuries)
7. Don Quixote (Miguel de Cervantes, 1605-1615)
8. Hamlet (William Shakespeare, 1603)
9. One Hundred Years of Solitude (Gabriel García Márquez, 1967)
10. The Iliad (Homer, 8th Century BC)
11. Beloved (Toni Morrison, 1987)
12. The Divine Comedy (Dante Alighieri, 1308-1320)
13. Romeo and Juliet (William Shakespeare, 1597)
14. The Epic of Gilgamesh (author unknown, circa 22nd-10th Centuries BC)
15. Harry Potter Series (JK Rowling, 1997-2007)
16. The Handmaid's Tale (Margaret Atwood, 1985)
17. Ulysses (James Joyce, 1922)
18. Animal Farm (George Orwell, 1945)
19. Jane Eyre (Charlotte Bront?, 1847)
20. Madame Bovary (Gustave Flaubert, 1856)
21. Romance of the Three Kingdoms (Luo Guanzhong, 1321-1323)
22. Journey to the West (Wu Cheng'en, circa 1592)
23. Crime and Punishment (Fyodor Dostoyevksy, 1866)
24. Pride and Prejudice (Jane Austen, 1813)
25. Water Margin (attributed to Shi Nai'an, 1589)
26. War and Peace (Leo Tolstoy, 1865-1867)
27. To Kill a Mockingbird (Harper Lee, 1960)
28. Wide Sargasso Sea (Jean Rhys, 1966)
29. Aesop's Fables (Aesop, circa 620 to 560 BC)
30. Candide (Voltaire, 1759)
31. Medea (Euripides, 431 BC)
32. The Mahabharata (attributed to Vyasa, 4th Century BC)
33. King Lear (William Shakespeare, 1608)
34. The Tale of Genji (Murasaki Shikibu, before 1021)
35. The Sorrows of Young Werther (Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, 1774)
36. The Trial (Franz Kafka, 1925)
37. Remembrance of Things Past (Marcel Proust, 1913-1927)
38. Wuthering Heights (Emily Bront?, 1847)
39. Invisible Man (Ralph Ellison, 1952)
40. Moby-Dick (Herman Melville, 1851)
41. Their Eyes Were Watching God (Zora Neale Hurston, 1937)
42. To the Lighthouse (Virginia Woolf, 1927)
43. The True Story of Ah Q (Lu Xun, 1921-1922)
44. Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (Lewis Carroll, 1865)
45. Anna Karenina (Leo Tolstoy, 1873-1877)
46. Heart of Darkness (Joseph Conrad, 1899)
47. Monkey Grip (Helen Garner, 1977)
48. Mrs Dalloway (Virginia Woolf, 1925)
49. Oedipus the King (Sophocles, 429 BC)
50. The Metamorphosis (Franz Kafka, 1915)
51. The Oresteia (Aeschylus, 5th Century BC)
52. Cinderella (unknown author and date)
53. Howl (Allen Ginsberg, 1956)
54. Les Misérables (Victor Hugo, 1862)
55. Middlemarch (George Eliot, 1871-1872)
56. Pedro Páramo (Juan Rulfo, 1955)
57. The Butterfly Lovers (folk story, various versions)
58. The Canterbury Tales (Geoffrey Chaucer, 1387)
59. The Panchatantra (attributed to Vishnu Sharma, circa 300 BC)
60. The Posthumous Memoirs of Bras Cubas (Joaquim Maria Machado de Assis, 1881)
61. The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie (Muriel Spark, 1961)
62. The Ragged-Trousered Philanthropists (Robert Tressell, 1914)
63. Song of Lawino (Okot p'Bitek, 1966)
64. The Golden Notebook (Doris Lessing, 1962)
65. Midnight's Children (Salman Rushdie, 1981)
66. Nervous Conditions (Tsitsi Dangarembga, 1988)
67. The Little Prince (Antoine de Saint-Exupéry, 1943)
68. The Master and Margarita (Mikhail Bulgakov, 1967)
69. The Ramayana (attributed to Valmiki, 11th Century BC)
70. Antigone (Sophocles, c 441 BC)
71. Dracula (Bram Stoker, 1897)
72. The Left Hand of Darkness (Ursula K Le Guin, 1969)
73. A Christmas Carol (Charles Dickens, 1843)
74. América (Raúl Otero Reiche, 1980)
75. Before the Law (Franz Kafka, 1915)
76. Children of Gebelawi (Naguib Mahfouz, 1967)
77. Il Canzoniere (Petrarch, 1374)
78. Kebra Nagast (various authors, 1322)
79. Little Women (Louisa May Alcott, 1868-1869)
80. Metamorphoses (Ovid, 8 AD)
81. Omeros (Derek Walcott, 1990)
82. One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich (Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, 1962)
83. Orlando (Virginia Woolf, 1928)
84. Rainbow Serpent (Aboriginal Australian story cycle, date unknown)
85. Revolutionary Road (Richard Yates, 1961)
86. Robinson Crusoe (Daniel Defoe, 1719)
87. Song of Myself (Walt Whitman, 1855)
88. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (Mark Twain, 1884)
89. The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (Mark Twain, 1876)
90. The Aleph (Jorge Luis Borges, 1945)
91. The Eloquent Peasant (ancient Egyptian folk story, circa 2000 BC)
92. The Emperor's New Clothes (Hans Christian Andersen, 1837)
93. The Jungle (Upton Sinclair, 1906)
94. The Khamriyyat (Abu Nuwas, late 8th-early 9th Century)
95. The Radetzky March (Joseph Roth, 1932)
96. The Raven (Edgar Allan Poe, 1845)
97. The Satanic Verses (Salman Rushdie, 1988)
98. The Secret History (Donna Tartt, 1992)
99. The Snowy Day (Ezra Jack Keats, 1962)
100. Toba Tek Singh (Saadat Hasan Manto, 1955)
視頻小福利
接下來(lái)筋夏，就讓我們通過(guò)一個(gè)小視頻來(lái)看看名人對(duì)“讀書(shū)”的看法吧蒂胞！
