本文節(jié)選自《科學(xué)美國人》中一篇名為“?This Drug Ad Is Not Right for You”?（《這個(gè)藥品廣告不適合你》）的文章诗良。美國電視上的處方藥廣告滿天飛，藥廠聲稱這能夠幫助觀眾增長健康知識(shí)，但是說得再天花亂墜也不能掩蓋廣告的本質(zhì)——賣產(chǎn)品《象铮現(xiàn)在終于有了一紙禁令默终，這項(xiàng)舉措利國利民，只會(huì)讓藥廠不高興屁擅。

原文

Ⅰ①Television ads for?erectile dysfunction, stroke or?toenail fungus?treatments have been called both a?boon?and a curse. ②Drug makers assert that promoting their products makes patients aware of conditions they can then?flag?for their doctor.

erectile dysfunction 勃起障礙

dysfunction specialized noun countable 功能失調(diào)偿凭；機(jī)能不良

?There appears to be a dysfunction in the patient's respiratory system.患者呼吸系統(tǒng)似乎出現(xiàn)功能失調(diào)。

?Mushrooms and mould are funguses.蘑菇和霉菌都是真菌弯囊。

?Fungus can be poisonous.真菌類植物可能會(huì)有毒痰哨。

boon noun countable usually singular 提高生活素質(zhì)的東西，有用之物

?Guide dogs are a great boon to the partially sighted.導(dǎo)盲犬對(duì)視力有障礙的人來說是非常有用的匾嘱。

a boon or a curse?是很地道的表達(dá)“兩面性斤斧、優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)”的短語，類似的還有?“a coin has two sides”, “two-edged sword”

這些動(dòng)詞均含有“斷言霎烙，聲稱”之意撬讽。
assert → 主觀意味強(qiáng)，指自認(rèn)為某事就是如此吼过，而不管事實(shí)如何锐秦。
affirm → 側(cè)重在作出斷言時(shí)表現(xiàn)出的堅(jiān)定與不可動(dòng)搖的態(tài)度。
allege → 多指無真憑實(shí)據(jù)盗忱，不提供證據(jù)的斷言或宣稱酱床。
maintain與assert近義，但前者指堅(jiān)決維護(hù)某種主張或觀點(diǎn)趟佃。
testify → 多指在法庭作證扇谣，莊嚴(yán)地宣稱自己所說屬實(shí)。
claim → 可與assert換用闲昭，但語氣弱一些罐寨，側(cè)重指行為自己的權(quán)利提出要求他人承認(rèn)。

flagverb (-gg-) MARK 記號(hào) 給…做標(biāo)記

?Flag any files which might be useful later.給日后可能有用的檔做上標(biāo)記序矩。

transitive specialized

makes patients aware of conditions?指的是鸯绿，不看不知道，看了廣告之后才發(fā)現(xiàn)身體的一些狀況居然是一種病簸淀，還有專門的名字瓶蝴，隨后儼然成了專家，還嚴(yán)肅地告訴醫(yī)生我得了什么什么病租幕，給我開這個(gè)那個(gè)藥舷手。

Ⅱ①Yet every developed country except the U.S. and New Zealand prohibits such direct-to-consumer?prescription?drug ads. ②It is hard to see educational value in commercials on American TV that show?radiant?models relaxing before a?tryst, accompanied by?voice-overs?that warn of possible side effects, including difficulty breathing and an unsafe drop in blood pressure.

radiant adjective HAPPY/BEAUTIFUL 開心的／美麗的

喜氣洋洋的；容光煥發(fā)的劲绪；光彩照人的

?He gave a radiant smile when he heard her news.當(dāng)他聽到她的消息時(shí)男窟，臉上綻放出燦爛的笑容。

tryst old use or humorous noun countable 約會(huì)贾富；（尤指）幽會(huì)

Ⅲ①An ad that?conflates?an?aura?of glowing health and the prospect of an?amorous liaison?with a list of?dire cardiovascular?symptoms is a?paradigm?of confused messaging because it does not provide the viewer with a clear guide to weighing both benefits and costs?entailed?in using a prescription medicine. ②Absent further interpretation, the underlying message reduces to: Sex or death—which will it be? ③Of course, the ads always end with an?admonition?to “ask your doctor....”

conflate verb transitive 合并歉眷，結(jié)合，混合（尤指文本）

?She succeeded in conflating the three plays to produce a fresh new work.她成功地將三個(gè)劇本合并在一起颤枪，編出了一部令人耳目一新的新作品窑多。

aura noun countable 氣氛千所，氛圍招拙；氣息

?The woods have an aura of mystery.這片樹林透著神秘的氣息。

amorous adjective 表示性愛的受葛；色情的

?The film centres around the amorous adventures/exploits of its handsome hero.這部電影以英俊的男主角的艷遇為主線。

liaison noun LINK BETWEEN 聯(lián)絡(luò)群嗤，聯(lián)系扑庞，溝通

?He blamed the lack of liaison between the various government departments.他指責(zé)各個(gè)政府部門之間缺乏溝通。

cardiovascular specialized adjective 心血管的

?cardiovascular disease心血管疾病

weighing both benefits and costs? 權(quán)衡得失

?entail formal verb transitive 使必要读整；牽涉

?Such a large investment inevitably entails some risk.這樣的鉅額投資必然會(huì)有一定的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)簿训。

admonition noun countable 勸誡；忠告米间；警告强品；責(zé)備

?The most common parental admonition must surely be "Don't stay out late".父母告誡孩子最多的話肯定是“別在外面呆到太晚”。

?

Ⅳ①Now, finally, the doctors are giving an answer. ②In November 2015 the American Medical Association asked for a ban on these ads, saying that they are partially responsible for the skyrocketing?costs of drugs. ③The World Health Organization and other groups have previously endorsed?such restrictions.?

?

skyrocket verb intransitive 暴漲屈糊，飛漲

?Housing prices have skyrocketed in recent months.近幾個(gè)月房價(jià)飛漲的榛。

endorse verb transitive
SUPPORT 支援 ?ADVANCED? （公開）贊同，認(rèn)可逻锐，支援

?The National Executive is expected to endorse these recommendations.預(yù)計(jì)全國執(zhí)委會(huì)將贊同這些提議夫晌。

②句saying...現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語，解釋禁止原因昧诱，這些廣告讓藥費(fèi)大大增長晓淀。

Ⅴ①In 2014 pharmaceutical companies spent $4.5 billion on consumer ads, mostly for television, a 30 percent rise from two years before. ②The?pitches?can?drum up?sales on higher-priced medications that can?drive up?drug costs when less expensive alternatives are sometimes available.?

pitch noun PERSUASION 說服 countable 推銷用語；推銷

?The man in the shop gave me his (sales) pitch about quality and reliability.商店里的那個(gè)男人向我大談最高品質(zhì)盏档，信譽(yù)可靠之類的推銷行話凶掰。

?Phrasal?Verbs?? [M] drum sth up 激起，鼓動(dòng)

?He was trying to drum up some enthusiasm for the project.他正試圖激發(fā)人們對(duì)該企劃案的熱情蜈亩。

drive sth∽'up / 'down ? 抬高(或壓低)懦窘；使上升(或下跌)

這些動(dòng)詞均含“促使，驅(qū)使”之意勺拣。
motivate → 強(qiáng)調(diào)驅(qū)使人們采取行動(dòng)的原因或動(dòng)機(jī)奶赠。
drive → 側(cè)重外來的驅(qū)策力和內(nèi)心的感情力量的驅(qū)使。
prompt與motivate近義药有，強(qiáng)調(diào)起因毅戈。

Ⅵ①M(fèi)any of the newest ads are for?premium?drugs for life-threatening diseases or rare conditions that can cost tens of thousands of dollars and require large,?out-of-pocket?patient co-payments. ②After seeing an ad, patients may press physicians for a prescription without understanding the complex criteria needed to determine?eligibility?for treatment.?

?

be at a premium 奇缺，非常稀罕

?Free time is at a premium for working parents.對(duì)于上班的父母來說愤惰，空余時(shí)間非常寶貴苇经。

out-of-pocket ?adj??: paid for with your own money rather than with money from another source (such as the company you work for or an insurance company)
???out-of-pocket medical expenses
??You can be reimbursed for out-of-pocket expenses when you are on a business trip.
??

physician? noun ? 醫(yī)師；(尤指)內(nèi)科醫(yī)生
--? compare surgeon

【HELP】This word is now old-fashioned in BrE. Doctor or GP is used instead.
? 在英國英語中,本詞現(xiàn)已過時(shí),而代之以 doctor 或 GP宦言。

“醫(yī)生”在英國通常用 doctor扇单，不用 physician，但在美國往往用 physician奠旺。下面三句里的 physician 都有些美國英語味蜘澜，在英國通常改用 doctor：
Why not consult a physician?
My physician tells me my heart is weak.
He wishes to be a physician.

這些名詞都有“醫(yī)生”之意施流。
doctor → 普通用詞，泛指各科醫(yī)生鄙信，即一切有行醫(yī)資格的人瞪醋。
physician → 指醫(yī)院的內(nèi)科醫(yī)生。
surgeon → 指專修外科或?qū)Ｐ奕梭w某個(gè)部分的外科屪肮睿科醫(yī)生银受，這種醫(yī)生一般需對(duì)患者進(jìn)行手術(shù)治療。
dentist → 指專門從事治牙的醫(yī)生鸦采。

Ⅶ①Despite industry?rhetoric?about educating the consumer, the ads do what ads do—promote the advertiser's product while failing to note these complexities or alternative options. ②Last October a Kaiser Family Foundation survey found that 28 percent of people who viewed a drug ad subsequently asked a physician about the medicine and that 12 percent walked out with a prescription.

rhetoric noun uncountable ?ADVANCED? 雄辯言辭宾巍；煽動(dòng)性語言

?How far the president will be able to translate his campaign rhetoric into action remains to be seen.總統(tǒng)在大選中作出的冠冕堂皇的承諾能夠兌現(xiàn)多少尚待觀察。

subsequently ? adv. ? 隨后渔伯；后來顶霞；之后；接著:
??The original interview notes were subsequently lost.
??采訪記錄原稿后來丟失了咱旱。

Ⅷ①A ban would be a welcome step toward?trimming?the nation's?lofty?drug bills—and it would rid the?airwaves?of?purported?health messages that?baffle?more than they inform. ②It is unclear, though, whether any prohibition passed by Congress would?pass muster?in the courts. ③Pharma?would undoubtedly?mount?a legal challenge, claiming that the law violates First Amendment protections for commercial speech.?

trimming noun countable or uncountable 鑲邊飾物确丢；花邊

?I want a plain black jumper with no fancy trimmings.我要一件素凈的黑色套頭外衣，沒有花哨鑲邊的吐限。

Lofty 高傲的鲜侥，自大的

?a lofty attitude/air/tone高傲的態(tài)度／神情／語氣

purported ? adj. [only before noun]? 據(jù)稱的；傳言的:
??the scene of the purported crime
??傳聞中的罪案發(fā)生地點(diǎn)

baffle verb transitive 使困惑诸典，使迷惑

?She was completely baffled by his strange behaviour.她完全被他怪異的舉動(dòng)弄迷糊了描函。

??Phrasal?Verbs?? muster sth up 鼓起（勇氣）；激起（力量）

?[+ to infinitive] She finally mustered up the courage to ask him for more money.她最終鼓起勇氣向他要更多的錢狐粱。