級別： ★★☆☆☆
標(biāo)簽：「iOS 本地推送」「iOS 遠程推送」「iOS通知擴展」
作者： dac_1033
審校： QiShare團隊

概述

iOS中的通知包括本地推送通知和遠程推送通知橡伞，兩者在iOS系統(tǒng)中都可以通過彈出橫幅的形式來提醒用戶窝爪，點擊橫幅會打開應(yīng)用。在iOS 10及之后版本的系統(tǒng)中蚕礼，還支持通知擴展功能（UNNotificationServiceExtension会放、UNNotificationContentExtension），下面就來詳細介紹iOS推送通知的相關(guān)功能及操作伦腐。

一、本地推送通知

本地推送通知是由本地應(yīng)用觸發(fā)的挫望，是基于時間的通知形式帘睦，一般用于鬧鐘定時、待辦事項等提醒功能枢析。發(fā)送本地推送通知的大體步驟如下：
（1）注冊本地通知疚脐；
（2）創(chuàng)建本地通知相關(guān)變量，并初始化买喧；
（3）設(shè)置處理通知的時間fireDate；
（4）設(shè)置通知的內(nèi)容：通知標(biāo)題、通知聲音旨巷、圖標(biāo)數(shù)字等；
（5）設(shè)置通知傳遞的參數(shù)userInfo添忘，該字典內(nèi)容可自定義（可選）采呐；
（6）添加這個本地通知到UNUserNotificationCenter。

1. 注冊本地推送通知

- (void)sendLocalNotification {
    
    NSString *title = @"通知-title";
    NSString *sutitle = @"通知-subtitle";
    NSString *body = @"通知-body";
    NSInteger badge = 1;
    NSInteger timeInteval = 5;
    NSDictionary *userInfo = @{@"id": @"LOCAL_NOTIFY_SCHEDULE_ID"};
    
    if (@available(iOS 10.0, *)) {
        // 1.創(chuàng)建通知內(nèi)容
        UNMutableNotificationContent *content = [[UNMutableNotificationContent alloc] init];
        [content setValue:@(YES) forKeyPath:@"shouldAlwaysAlertWhileAppIsForeground"];
        content.sound = [UNNotificationSound defaultSound];
        content.title = title;
        content.subtitle = subtitle;
        content.body = body;
        content.badge = @(badge);

        content.userInfo = userInfo;

        // 2.設(shè)置通知附件內(nèi)容
        NSError *error = nil;
        NSString *path = [[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:@"logo_img_02@2x" ofType:@"png"];
        UNNotificationAttachment *att = [UNNotificationAttachment attachmentWithIdentifier:@"att1" URL:[NSURL fileURLWithPath:path] options:nil error:&error];
        if (error) {
            NSLog(@"attachment error %@", error);
        }
        content.attachments = @[att];
        content.launchImageName = @"icon_certification_status1@2x";

        // 3.設(shè)置聲音
        UNNotificationSound *sound = [UNNotificationSound soundNamed:@"sound01.wav"];// [UNNotificationSound defaultSound];
        content.sound = sound;

        // 4.觸發(fā)模式
        UNTimeIntervalNotificationTrigger *trigger = [UNTimeIntervalNotificationTrigger triggerWithTimeInterval:timeInteval repeats:NO];

        // 5.設(shè)置UNNotificationRequest
        UNNotificationRequest *request = [UNNotificationRequest requestWithIdentifier:LocalNotiReqIdentifer content:content trigger:trigger];

        // 6.把通知加到UNUserNotificationCenter, 到指定觸發(fā)點會被觸發(fā)
        [[UNUserNotificationCenter currentNotificationCenter] addNotificationRequest:request withCompletionHandler:^(NSError * _Nullable error) {
        }];

    } else {
    
        UILocalNotification *localNotification = [[UILocalNotification alloc] init];
        
        // 1.設(shè)置觸發(fā)時間（如果要立即觸發(fā)搁骑，無需設(shè)置）
        localNotification.timeZone = [NSTimeZone defaultTimeZone];
        localNotification.fireDate = [NSDate dateWithTimeIntervalSinceNow:5];
        
        // 2.設(shè)置通知標(biāo)題
        localNotification.alertBody = title;
        
        // 3.設(shè)置通知動作按鈕的標(biāo)題
        localNotification.alertAction = @"查看";
        
        // 4.設(shè)置提醒的聲音
        localNotification.soundName = @"sound01.wav";// UILocalNotificationDefaultSoundName;
        
        // 5.設(shè)置通知的 傳遞的userInfo
        localNotification.userInfo = userInfo;
        
        // 6.在規(guī)定的日期觸發(fā)通知
        [[UIApplication sharedApplication] scheduleLocalNotification:localNotification];

        // 7.立即觸發(fā)一個通知
        //[[UIApplication sharedApplication] presentLocalNotificationNow:localNotification];
    }
}

2. 取消本地推送通知

- (void)cancelLocalNotificaitons {
    
    // 取消一個特定的通知
    NSArray *notificaitons = [[UIApplication sharedApplication] scheduledLocalNotifications];
    // 獲取當(dāng)前所有的本地通知
    if (!notificaitons || notificaitons.count <= 0) { return; }
    for (UILocalNotification *notify in notificaitons) {
        if ([[notify.userInfo objectForKey:@"id"] isEqualToString:@"LOCAL_NOTIFY_SCHEDULE_ID"]) {
            if (@available(iOS 10.0, *)) {
                [[UNUserNotificationCenter currentNotificationCenter] removePendingNotificationRequestsWithIdentifiers:@[LocalNotiReqIdentifer]];
            } else {
                [[UIApplication sharedApplication] cancelLocalNotification:notify];
            }
            break;
        }
    }
    // 取消所有的本地通知
    //[[UIApplication sharedApplication] cancelAllLocalNotifications];
}

3. AppDelegate中的回調(diào)方法

在上面的代碼中我們設(shè)置了userInfo斧吐，在iOS中收到并點擊通知，則會自動打開應(yīng)用仲器。但是在不同版本的iOS系統(tǒng)中回調(diào)方式有所差異煤率，如下：

• 系統(tǒng)版本 < iOS 10

// 如果App已經(jīng)完全退出：
- (BOOL)application:(UIApplication *)application didFinishLaunchingWithOptions:(NSDictionary *)launchOptions;

// 當(dāng)App已經(jīng)完全退出時，獲取userInfo參數(shù)過程如下：
// NSDictionary *userInfoLocal = (NSDictionary *)[launchOptions objectForKey:UIApplicationLaunchOptionsLocalNotificationKey];
// NSDictionary *userInfoRemote = (NSDictionary *)[launchOptions objectForKey:UIApplicationLaunchOptionsRemoteNotificationKey];

// 如果App還在運行（前臺or后臺）
- (void)application:(UIApplication *)application didReceiveLocalNotification:(UILocalNotification *)notification;

• 系統(tǒng)版本 >= iOS 10

#if __IPHONE_OS_VERSION_MAX_ALLOWED >= __IPHONE_10_0
#pragma mark - UNUserNotificationCenterDelegate
- (void)userNotificationCenter:(UNUserNotificationCenter *)center willPresentNotification:(UNNotification *)notification withCompletionHandler:(void (^)(UNNotificationPresentationOptions options))completionHandler __IOS_AVAILABLE(10.0) __TVOS_AVAILABLE(10.0) __WATCHOS_AVAILABLE(3.0);

- (void)userNotificationCenter:(UNUserNotificationCenter *)center didReceiveNotificationResponse:(UNNotificationResponse *)response withCompletionHandler:(void(^)(void))completionHandler __IOS_AVAILABLE(10.0) __WATCHOS_AVAILABLE(3.0) __TVOS_PROHIBITED;
#endif

4. 實現(xiàn)效果

• app向用戶請求推送通知權(quán)限的提示彈窗：

  
  
  請求推送通知權(quán)限的提示彈窗

• app處于不同狀態(tài)（前臺乏冀、后臺蝶糯、鎖屏）時彈出通知的效果：

  
  
  app處于前臺
  
  
  app處于后臺
  
  
  鎖屏

PS：

• 當(dāng)用戶拒絕授權(quán)推送通知時，app無法接收通知辆沦；（用戶可以到設(shè)置->通知->相應(yīng)app昼捍，手動設(shè)置通知選項）
• 通知的聲音在代碼中指定，由系統(tǒng)播放肢扯，時長必須在30s內(nèi)妒茬，否則將被默認聲音替換，并且自定義聲音文件必須放到main bundle中蔚晨。
• 本地通知有數(shù)量限制郊闯，超過一定數(shù)量（64個）將被系統(tǒng)忽略（數(shù)據(jù)來源于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，具體時間間隔待驗證）蛛株。

二团赁、遠程推送通知

遠程推送通知是通過蘋果的APNs（Apple Push Notification service）發(fā)送到app，而APNs必須先知道用戶設(shè)備的令牌（device token）谨履。在啟動時欢摄，app與APNs通信并接收device token，然后將其轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)到App Server笋粟，App Server將該令牌和要發(fā)送的通知消息發(fā)送至APNs怀挠。
_{PS：蘋果官網(wǎng)APNs概述}

遠程推送通知的傳遞過程涉及幾個關(guān)鍵組件：

• App Server
• Apple推送通知服務(wù)（APNs）
• 用戶的設(shè)備（iPhone析蝴、iPad、iTouch绿淋、Mac等）
• 相應(yīng)的app

蘋果官方提供的遠程推送通知的傳遞示意圖如下：

遠程推送通知的傳遞過程

各關(guān)鍵組件之間的交互細節(jié)：

各關(guān)鍵組件之間的交互細節(jié)

• 開發(fā)遠程推送功能首先要設(shè)置正確的推送證書和權(quán)限闷畸，步驟如下：
  1）根據(jù)工程的Bundle Identifier，在蘋果開發(fā)者平臺中創(chuàng)建同名App ID吞滞，并勾選Push Notifications服務(wù)佑菩；
  2）在工程的“Capabilities”中設(shè)置Push Notifications為ON；
  3）遠程推送必須使用真機調(diào)試裁赠，因為模擬器無法獲取得到device token殿漠。

• 在設(shè)置好證書和權(quán)限后，按照以下步驟開發(fā)遠程推送功能：

1. 注冊遠程通知

// iOS 8及以上版本的遠程推送通知注冊
- (void)registerRemoteNotifications
{
    if (@available(iOS 10.0, *)) {
        UNUserNotificationCenter *center = [UNUserNotificationCenter currentNotificationCenter];
        center.delegate = self;
        [center requestAuthorizationWithOptions:(UNAuthorizationOptionBadge | UNAuthorizationOptionSound | UNAuthorizationOptionAlert | UNAuthorizationOptionCarPlay) completionHandler:^(BOOL granted, NSError *_Nullable error) {
            if (!error) {
                NSLog(@"request authorization succeeded!");
                [[UIApplication sharedApplication] registerForRemoteNotifications];
            } else {
                NSLog(@"request authorization failed!");
            }
        }];
    } else {
        UIUserNotificationType types = (UIUserNotificationTypeAlert | UIUserNotificationTypeSound | UIUserNotificationTypeBadge);
        UIUserNotificationSettings *settings = [UIUserNotificationSettings settingsForTypes:types categories:nil];
        [[UIApplication sharedApplication] registerUserNotificationSettings:settings];
        [[UIApplication sharedApplication] registerForRemoteNotifications];
    }
}

2. App獲取device token

• 在注冊遠程通知后佩捞，獲取device token的回調(diào)方法：

- (void)application:(UIApplication *)application didRegisterForRemoteNotificationsWithDeviceToken:(NSData *)deviceToken;

• 獲取device token失敗的回調(diào)方法：

- (void)application:(UIApplication *)application didFailToRegisterForRemoteNotificationsWithError:(NSError *)error;

3. app將device token發(fā)送給App Server

只有蘋果公司知道device token的生成算法绞幌，保證唯一，device token在app卸載后重裝等情況時會變化一忱，因此為確保device token變化后app仍然能夠正常接收服務(wù)器端發(fā)送的通知莲蜘，建議每次啟動應(yīng)用都將獲取到的device token傳給App Server。

4. App Server將device token和要推送的消息發(fā)送給APNs

將指定的device token和消息內(nèi)容發(fā)送給APNs時帘营，必須按照蘋果官方的消息格式組織消息內(nèi)容菇夸。
_{PS：遠程通知消息的字段、創(chuàng)建遠程通知消息}

消息格式：
{"aps":{"alert":{"title":"通知的title","subtitle":"通知的subtitle","body":"通知的body","title-loc-key":"TITLE_LOC_KEY","title-loc-args":["t_01","t_02"],"loc-key":"LOC_KEY","loc-args":["l_01","l_02"]},"sound":"sound01.wav","badge":1,"mutable-content":1,"category": "realtime"},"msgid":"123"}

5. APNs根據(jù)device token查找相應(yīng)設(shè)備仪吧，并推送消息

一般情況APNs可以根據(jù)deviceToken將消息成功推送到相應(yīng)設(shè)備中庄新，但也存在用戶卸載程序等導(dǎo)致推送消息失敗的情況，這時App Server會收到APNs返回的錯誤信息）薯鼠。

6. AppDelegate中的回調(diào)方法

// iOS<10時择诈，且app被完全殺死
- (BOOL)application:(UIApplication *)application didFinishLaunchingWithOptions:(NSDictionary *)launchOptions;

// 注：iOS10以上如果不使用UNUserNotificationCenter時，也將走此回調(diào)方法
- (void)application:(UIApplication *)application didReceiveRemoteNotification:(NSDictionary *)userInfo;

// 支持iOS7及以上系統(tǒng)
- (void)application:(UIApplication *)application didReceiveRemoteNotification:(NSDictionary *)userInfo fetchCompletionHandler:(void (^)(UIBackgroundFetchResult))completionHandler;

//  iOS>=10: app在前臺獲取到通知
- (void)userNotificationCenter:(UNUserNotificationCenter *)center willPresentNotification:(UNNotification *)notification withCompletionHandler:(void (^)(UNNotificationPresentationOptions))completionHandler;

//  iOS>=10: 點擊通知進入app時觸發(fā)（殺死/切到后臺喚起）
- (void)userNotificationCenter:(UNUserNotificationCenter *)center didReceiveNotificationResponse:(UNNotificationResponse *)response withCompletionHandler:(void (^)(void))completionHandler;

在AppDelegate中注冊遠程推送通知并解析通知數(shù)據(jù)的完整代碼如下：

#import "AppDelegate.h"
#import "ViewController.h"

#if __IPHONE_OS_VERSION_MAX_ALLOWED >= __IPHONE_10_0
#import <UserNotifications/UserNotifications.h>
#endif

@interface AppDelegate () <UNUserNotificationCenterDelegate>

@end

@implementation AppDelegate


- (BOOL)application:(UIApplication *)application didFinishLaunchingWithOptions:(NSDictionary *)launchOptions {
   
    ViewController *controller = [[ViewController alloc] init];
    UINavigationController *nav = [[UINavigationController alloc] initWithRootViewController:controller];
    _window = [[UIWindow alloc] initWithFrame:[UIScreen mainScreen].bounds];
    [_window setRootViewController:nav];
    [_window makeKeyAndVisible];
    
    ////注冊本地推送通知（具體操作在ViewController中）
    //[self registerLocalNotification];
    // 注冊遠程推送通知
    [self registerRemoteNotifications];
    
    return YES;
}

- (void)registerLocalNotification {

    if (@available(iOS 10.0, *)) {
        UNUserNotificationCenter *center = [UNUserNotificationCenter currentNotificationCenter];
        center.delegate = self;
        [center requestAuthorizationWithOptions:(UNAuthorizationOptionBadge | UNAuthorizationOptionSound | UNAuthorizationOptionAlert) completionHandler:^(BOOL granted, NSError * _Nullable error) {
            if (!error) {
                NSLog(@"request authorization succeeded!");
            }
        }];
    } else {
        UIUserNotificationSettings *settings = [UIUserNotificationSettings settingsForTypes:UIUserNotificationTypeAlert | UIUserNotificationTypeBadge | UIUserNotificationTypeSound categories:nil];
        [[UIApplication sharedApplication] registerUserNotificationSettings:settings];
    }
}


- (void)registerRemoteNotifications
{
    if (@available(iOS 10.0, *)) {
        UNUserNotificationCenter *center = [UNUserNotificationCenter currentNotificationCenter];
        center.delegate = self;
        [center requestAuthorizationWithOptions:(UNAuthorizationOptionBadge | UNAuthorizationOptionSound | UNAuthorizationOptionAlert | UNAuthorizationOptionCarPlay) completionHandler:^(BOOL granted, NSError *_Nullable error) {
            if (!error) {
                NSLog(@"request authorization succeeded!");
                [[UIApplication sharedApplication] registerForRemoteNotifications];
            } else {
                NSLog(@"request authorization failed!");
            }
        }];
    } else {
        UIUserNotificationType types = (UIUserNotificationTypeAlert | UIUserNotificationTypeSound | UIUserNotificationTypeBadge);
        UIUserNotificationSettings *settings = [UIUserNotificationSettings settingsForTypes:types categories:nil];
        [[UIApplication sharedApplication] registerUserNotificationSettings:settings];
        [[UIApplication sharedApplication] registerForRemoteNotifications];
    }
}


- (void)application:(UIApplication *)application didRegisterUserNotificationSettings:(UIUserNotificationSettings *)notificationSettings {
    
    NSLog(@"didRegisterUserNotificationSettings");
}

- (void)application:(UIApplication *)application didReceiveLocalNotification:(UILocalNotification *)notification {
    
    NSLog(@"app收到本地推送(didReceiveLocalNotification:):%@", notification.userInfo);
}

- (void)application:(UIApplication *)application didRegisterForRemoteNotificationsWithDeviceToken:(NSData *)deviceToken {
    
    // 獲取并處理deviceToken
    NSString *token = [[deviceToken description] stringByTrimmingCharactersInSet:[NSCharacterSet characterSetWithCharactersInString:@"<>"]];
    token = [token stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:@" " withString:@""];
    NSLog(@"DeviceToken:%@\n", token);
}

- (void)application:(UIApplication *)application didFailToRegisterForRemoteNotificationsWithError:(NSError *)error {
    
    NSLog(@"didFailToRegisterForRemoteNotificationsWithError: %@", error.description);
}

// 注：iOS10以上如果不使用UNUserNotificationCenter時出皇，也將走此回調(diào)方法
- (void)application:(UIApplication *)application didReceiveRemoteNotification:(NSDictionary *)userInfo {
    // iOS6及以下系統(tǒng)
    if (userInfo) {
        if ([UIApplication sharedApplication].applicationState == UIApplicationStateActive) {// app位于前臺通知
            NSLog(@"app位于前臺通知(didReceiveRemoteNotification:):%@", userInfo);
        } else {// 切到后臺喚起
            NSLog(@"app位于后臺通知(didReceiveRemoteNotification:):%@", userInfo);
        }
    }
}

- (void)application:(UIApplication *)application didReceiveRemoteNotification:(NSDictionary *)userInfo fetchCompletionHandler:(void (^)(UIBackgroundFetchResult))completionHandler NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(7_0) {
    // iOS7及以上系統(tǒng)
    if (userInfo) {
        if ([UIApplication sharedApplication].applicationState == UIApplicationStateActive) {
            NSLog(@"app位于前臺通知(didReceiveRemoteNotification:fetchCompletionHandler:):%@", userInfo);
        } else {
            NSLog(@"app位于后臺通知(didReceiveRemoteNotification:fetchCompletionHandler:):%@", userInfo);
        }
    }
    completionHandler(UIBackgroundFetchResultNewData);
}


#pragma mark - iOS>=10 中收到推送消息

#if __IPHONE_OS_VERSION_MAX_ALLOWED >= __IPHONE_10_0

- (void)userNotificationCenter:(UNUserNotificationCenter *)center willPresentNotification:(UNNotification *)notification withCompletionHandler:(void (^)(UNNotificationPresentationOptions))completionHandler
API_AVAILABLE(ios(10.0)){
    NSDictionary * userInfo = notification.request.content.userInfo;
    if (userInfo) {
        NSLog(@"app位于前臺通知(willPresentNotification:):%@", userInfo);
    }
    completionHandler(UNNotificationPresentationOptionBadge|UNNotificationPresentationOptionSound|UNNotificationPresentationOptionAlert);
}

- (void)userNotificationCenter:(UNUserNotificationCenter *)center didReceiveNotificationResponse:(UNNotificationResponse *)response withCompletionHandler:(void (^)(void))completionHandler
API_AVAILABLE(ios(10.0)){
    NSDictionary * userInfo = response.notification.request.content.userInfo;
    if (userInfo) {
        NSLog(@"點擊通知進入App時觸發(fā)(didReceiveNotificationResponse:):%@", userInfo);
    }
    completionHandler();
}

#endif


@end

7. 使用Pusher工具模擬App Server推送通知

Pusher和SmartPush等工具一樣羞芍，是優(yōu)秀的遠程推送測試工具，工具界面如下：

Pusher界面

• Pusher的使用步驟說明：
  1）選擇p12格式的推送證書郊艘；
  2）設(shè)置是否為測試環(huán)境（默認勾選為測試環(huán)境荷科，由于推送證書分為測試證書和生產(chǎn)證書，并且蘋果的APNs也分為測試和生產(chǎn)兩套環(huán)境纱注，因此Pusher需要手動勾選推送環(huán)境）畏浆；
  3）輸入device token；
  4）輸入符合蘋果要求格式的aps字符串狞贱；
  5）執(zhí)行推送刻获。

效果如下：

iOS遠程推送通知效果圖

在App回調(diào)方法中獲取的數(shù)據(jù)

PS：

• 要使用遠程推送通知功能瞎嬉，需要至少啟動app一次蝎毡；
• 設(shè)備不連網(wǎng)厚柳，是無法注冊遠程推送通知的；
• 推送過程中aps串可在適當(dāng)位置添加自定義字段沐兵，消息上限為4 KB别垮。

三、iOS 通知擴展

iOS 10及之后的推送通知具有擴展功能扎谎，包括兩個方面：

• 通知服務(wù)擴展（UNNotificationServiceExtension）碳想，是在收到通知后且展示通知前允許開發(fā)者做一些事情，比如添加附件簿透、加載網(wǎng)絡(luò)請求等移袍。點擊查看官網(wǎng)文檔
• 通知內(nèi)容擴展（UNNotificationContentExtension）解藻，是在展示通知時展示一個自定義的用戶界面老充。點擊查看官網(wǎng)文檔

1. 創(chuàng)建UNNotificationServiceExtension和UNNotificationContentExtension：

創(chuàng)建兩個target

創(chuàng)建兩個target的結(jié)果

注意：

• target支持的iOS版本為10.0及以上，且當(dāng)前系統(tǒng)支持target版本螟左。

2. 通知服務(wù)擴展UNNotificationServiceExtension

在NotificationService.m文件中啡浊，有兩個回調(diào)方法：

// 系統(tǒng)接到通知后，有最多30秒在這里重寫通知內(nèi)容（如下載附件并更新通知）
- (void)didReceiveNotificationRequest:(UNNotificationRequest *)request withContentHandler:(void (^)(UNNotificationContent *contentToDeliver))contentHandler;
// 處理過程超時胶背，則收到的通知直接展示出來
- (void)serviceExtensionTimeWillExpire;

在通知服務(wù)擴展中加載網(wǎng)絡(luò)請求巷嚣，代碼如下：

#import "NotificationService.h"
#import <AVFoundation/AVFoundation.h>

@interface NotificationService ()

@property (nonatomic, strong) void (^contentHandler)(UNNotificationContent *contentToDeliver);
@property (nonatomic, strong) UNMutableNotificationContent *bestAttemptContent;

@end

@implementation NotificationService

- (void)didReceiveNotificationRequest:(UNNotificationRequest *)request withContentHandler:(void (^)(UNNotificationContent * _Nonnull))contentHandler {
    self.contentHandler = contentHandler;
    self.bestAttemptContent = [request.content mutableCopy];
    
    //// Modify the notification content here...
    self.bestAttemptContent.title = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@ [ServiceExtension modified]", self.bestAttemptContent.title];
    
    // 設(shè)置UNNotificationAction
    UNNotificationAction * actionA  =[UNNotificationAction actionWithIdentifier:@"ActionA" title:@"A_Required" options:UNNotificationActionOptionAuthenticationRequired];
    UNNotificationAction * actionB = [UNNotificationAction actionWithIdentifier:@"ActionB" title:@"B_Destructive" options:UNNotificationActionOptionDestructive];
    UNNotificationAction * actionC = [UNNotificationAction actionWithIdentifier:@"ActionC" title:@"C_Foreground" options:UNNotificationActionOptionForeground];
    UNTextInputNotificationAction * actionD = [UNTextInputNotificationAction actionWithIdentifier:@"ActionD"
                                                                                            title:@"D_InputDestructive"
                                                                                          options:UNNotificationActionOptionDestructive
                                                                             textInputButtonTitle:@"Send"
                                                                             textInputPlaceholder:@"input some words here ..."];
    NSArray *actionArr = [[NSArray alloc] initWithObjects:actionA, actionB, actionC, actionD, nil];
    NSArray *identifierArr = [[NSArray alloc] initWithObjects:@"ActionA", @"ActionB", @"ActionC", @"ActionD", nil];
    UNNotificationCategory * notficationCategory = [UNNotificationCategory categoryWithIdentifier:@"QiShareCategoryIdentifier"
                                                                                          actions:actionArr
                                                                                intentIdentifiers:identifierArr
                                                                                          options:UNNotificationCategoryOptionCustomDismissAction];
    [[UNUserNotificationCenter currentNotificationCenter] setNotificationCategories:[NSSet setWithObject:notficationCategory]];
    
    // 設(shè)置categoryIdentifier
    self.bestAttemptContent.categoryIdentifier = @"QiShareCategoryIdentifier";
    
    // 加載網(wǎng)絡(luò)請求
    NSDictionary *userInfo =  self.bestAttemptContent.userInfo;
    NSString *mediaUrl = userInfo[@"media"][@"url"];
    NSString *mediaType = userInfo[@"media"][@"type"];
    if (!mediaUrl.length) {
        self.contentHandler(self.bestAttemptContent);
    } else {
        [self loadAttachmentForUrlString:mediaUrl withType:mediaType completionHandle:^(UNNotificationAttachment *attach) {
            
            if (attach) {
                self.bestAttemptContent.attachments = [NSArray arrayWithObject:attach];
            }
            self.contentHandler(self.bestAttemptContent);
        }];
    }
}

- (void)loadAttachmentForUrlString:(NSString *)urlStr withType:(NSString *)type completionHandle:(void(^)(UNNotificationAttachment *attach))completionHandler
{
    __block UNNotificationAttachment *attachment = nil;
    NSURL *attachmentURL = [NSURL URLWithString:urlStr];
    NSString *fileExt = [self getfileExtWithMediaType:type];
    
    NSURLSession *session = [NSURLSession sessionWithConfiguration:[NSURLSessionConfiguration defaultSessionConfiguration]];
    [[session downloadTaskWithURL:attachmentURL completionHandler:^(NSURL *temporaryFileLocation, NSURLResponse *response, NSError *error) {
        if (error) {
            NSLog(@"加載多媒體失敗 %@", error.localizedDescription);
        } else {
            NSFileManager *fileManager = [NSFileManager defaultManager];
            NSURL *localURL = [NSURL fileURLWithPath:[temporaryFileLocation.path stringByAppendingString:fileExt]];
            [fileManager moveItemAtURL:temporaryFileLocation toURL:localURL error:&error];
            
            // 自定義推送UI需要
            NSMutableDictionary * dict = [self.bestAttemptContent.userInfo mutableCopy];
            [dict setObject:[NSData dataWithContentsOfURL:localURL] forKey:@"image"];
            self.bestAttemptContent.userInfo = dict;
            
            NSError *attachmentError = nil;
            attachment = [UNNotificationAttachment attachmentWithIdentifier:@"QiShareCategoryIdentifier" URL:localURL options:nil error:&attachmentError];
            if (attachmentError) {
                NSLog(@"%@", attachmentError.localizedDescription);
            }
        }
        completionHandler(attachment);
    }] resume];
}

- (NSString *)getfileExtWithMediaType:(NSString *)mediaType {
    NSString *fileExt = mediaType;
    if ([mediaType isEqualToString:@"image"]) {
        fileExt = @"jpg";
    }
    if ([mediaType isEqualToString:@"video"]) {
        fileExt = @"mp4";
    }
    if ([mediaType isEqualToString:@"audio"]) {
        fileExt = @"mp3";
    }
    return [@"." stringByAppendingString:fileExt];
}

- (void)serviceExtensionTimeWillExpire {
    // Called just before the extension will be terminated by the system.
    // Use this as an opportunity to deliver your "best attempt" at modified content, otherwise the original push payload will be used.
    self.contentHandler(self.bestAttemptContent);
}

@end

消息內(nèi)容格式：
{"aps":{"alert":{"title":"Title...","subtitle":"Subtitle...","body":"Body..."},"sound":"default","badge": 1,"mutable-content": 1,"category": "QiShareCategoryIdentifier",},"msgid":"123","media":{"type":"image","url":"https://www.fotor.com/images2/features/photo_effects/e_bw.jpg"}}

PS：

• 加載并處理附件時間上限為30秒，否則钳吟，通知按系統(tǒng)默認形式彈出廷粒；
• UNNotificationAttachment的url接收的是本地文件的url；
• 服務(wù)端在處理推送內(nèi)容時红且，最好加上媒體類型字段坝茎；
• aps字符串中的mutable-content字段需要設(shè)置為1；
• 在對NotificationService進行debug時暇番，需要在Xcode頂欄選擇編譯運行的target為NotificationService嗤放，否則無法進行實時debug。

3. 通知內(nèi)容擴展UNNotificationContentExtension

通知內(nèi)容擴展界面NotificationViewController的結(jié)構(gòu)如下：

通知內(nèi)容擴展界面

• 設(shè)置actions：
  從NotificationViewController直接繼承于ViewController壁酬，因此可以在這個類中重寫相關(guān)方法次酌，來修改界面的相關(guān)布局及樣式。在這個界面展開之前舆乔，用戶可以通過UNNotificationAction與相應(yīng)推送通知交互岳服，但是用戶和這個通知內(nèi)容擴展界面無法直接交互。
• 設(shè)置category：
  推送通知內(nèi)容中的category字段希俩，與UNNotificationContentExtension的info.plist中UNNotificationExtensionCategory字段的值要匹配派阱，系統(tǒng)才能找到自定義的UI。

在aps串中直接設(shè)置category字段斜纪，例如：
{ "aps":{ "alert":"Testing...(0)","badge":1,"sound":"default","category":"QiShareCategoryIdentifier"}}

在NotificationService.m中設(shè)置category的值如下：

self.bestAttemptContent.categoryIdentifier = @"QiShareCategoryIdentifier";

info.plist中關(guān)于category的配置如下：

關(guān)于UNNotificationExtensionCategory的設(shè)置

• UNNotificationContentExtension協(xié)議：NotificationViewController 中生成時默認實現(xiàn)了贫母。

簡單的英文注釋很明了：

// This will be called to send the notification to be displayed by
// the extension. If the extension is being displayed and more related
// notifications arrive (eg. more messages for the same conversation)
// the same method will be called for each new notification.
- (void)didReceiveNotification:(UNNotification *)notification文兑；

// If implemented, the method will be called when the user taps on one
// of the notification actions. The completion handler can be called
// after handling the action to dismiss the notification and forward the
// action to the app if necessary.
- (void)didReceiveNotificationResponse:(UNNotificationResponse *)response completionHandler:(void (^)(UNNotificationContentExtensionResponseOption))completion

// Called when the user taps the play or pause button.
- (void)mediaPlay;
- (void)mediaPause;

• UNNotificationAttachment：attachment支持
  1）音頻5M（kUTTypeWaveformAudio/kUTTypeMP3/kUTTypeMPEG4Audio/kUTTypeAudioInterchangeFileFormat）
  2）圖片10M（kUTTypeJPEG/kUTTypeGIF/kUTTypePNG）
  3）視頻50M（kUTTypeMPEG/kUTTypeMPEG2Video/kUTTypeMPEG4/kUTTypeAVIMovie）

4. 自定義內(nèi)容擴展界面與內(nèi)容擴展功能聯(lián)合使用時，代碼如下：

#import "NotificationViewController.h"
#import <UserNotifications/UserNotifications.h>
#import <UserNotificationsUI/UserNotificationsUI.h>

#define Margin      15

@interface NotificationViewController () <UNNotificationContentExtension>

@property (nonatomic, strong) UILabel *label;
@property (nonatomic, strong) UILabel *subLabel;
@property (nonatomic, strong) UIImageView *imageView;

@property (nonatomic, strong) UILabel *hintLabel;

@end

@implementation NotificationViewController

- (void)viewDidLoad {

    [super viewDidLoad];
    
    CGPoint origin = self.view.frame.origin;
    CGSize size = self.view.frame.size;
    
    self.label = [[UILabel alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(Margin, Margin, size.width-Margin*2, 30)];
    self.label.autoresizingMask = UIViewAutoresizingFlexibleWidth;
    [self.view addSubview:self.label];
    
    self.subLabel = [[UILabel alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(Margin, CGRectGetMaxY(self.label.frame)+10, size.width-Margin*2, 30)];
    self.subLabel.autoresizingMask = UIViewAutoresizingFlexibleWidth;
    [self.view addSubview:self.subLabel];
    
    self.imageView = [[UIImageView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(Margin, CGRectGetMaxY(self.subLabel.frame)+10, 100, 100)];
    [self.view addSubview:self.imageView];
    
    self.hintLabel = [[UILabel alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(Margin, CGRectGetMaxY(self.imageView.frame)+10, size.width-Margin*2, 20)];
    [self.hintLabel setText:@"我是hintLabel"];
    [self.hintLabel setFont:[UIFont systemFontOfSize:14]];
    [self.hintLabel setTextAlignment:NSTextAlignmentLeft];
    [self.view addSubview:self.hintLabel];
    self.view.frame = CGRectMake(origin.x, origin.y, size.width, CGRectGetMaxY(self.imageView.frame)+Margin);

    // 設(shè)置控件邊框顏色
    [self.label.layer setBorderColor:[UIColor redColor].CGColor];
    [self.label.layer setBorderWidth:1.0];
    [self.subLabel.layer setBorderColor:[UIColor greenColor].CGColor];
    [self.subLabel.layer setBorderWidth:1.0];
    [self.imageView.layer setBorderWidth:2.0];
    [self.imageView.layer setBorderColor:[UIColor blueColor].CGColor];
    [self.view.layer setBorderWidth:2.0];
    [self.view.layer setBorderColor:[UIColor cyanColor].CGColor];
}

- (void)didReceiveNotification:(UNNotification *)notification {
    
    self.label.text = notification.request.content.title;
    self.subLabel.text = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@ [ContentExtension modified]", notification.request.content.subtitle];
    
    NSData *data = notification.request.content.userInfo[@"image"];
    UIImage *image = [UIImage imageWithData:data];
    [self.imageView setImage:image];
}

- (void)didReceiveNotificationResponse:(UNNotificationResponse *)response completionHandler:(void (^)(UNNotificationContentExtensionResponseOption))completion {
    
    [self.hintLabel setText:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"觸發(fā)了%@", response.actionIdentifier]];
    if ([response.actionIdentifier isEqualToString:@"ActionA"]) {
        dispatch_after(dispatch_time(DISPATCH_TIME_NOW, (int64_t)(1.5 * NSEC_PER_SEC)), dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
            completion(UNNotificationContentExtensionResponseOptionDismiss);
        });
    } else if ([response.actionIdentifier isEqualToString:@"ActionB"]) {

    } else if ([response.actionIdentifier isEqualToString:@"ActionC"]) {

    }  else if ([response.actionIdentifier isEqualToString:@"ActionD"]) {

    } else {
        completion(UNNotificationContentExtensionResponseOptionDismiss);
    }
    completion(UNNotificationContentExtensionResponseOptionDoNotDismiss);
}

@end

手機收到通知時的展示（aps串以上面第2點中提到的“消息內(nèi)容格式”為例）

推送擴展.gif

說明：

• 服務(wù)擴展target和內(nèi)容擴展target在配置中所支持的系統(tǒng)版本要在iOS10及以上腺劣；
• 自定義視圖的大小可以通過設(shè)置NotificationViewController的preferredContentSize大小來控制绿贞，但是用戶體驗稍顯突兀，可以通過設(shè)置info.plist中的UNNotificationExtensionInitialContentSizeRatio屬性的值來優(yōu)化橘原；
• contentExtension中的info.plist中NSExtension下的NSExtensionAttributes字段下可以配置以下屬性的值籍铁，UNNotificationExtensionCategory：表示自定義內(nèi)容假面可以識別的category，可以為數(shù)組趾断，也即可以為這個content綁定多個通知拒名；UNNotificationExtensionInitialContentSizeRatio：默認的UI界面的寬高比；UNNotificationExtensionDefaultContentHidden：是否顯示系統(tǒng)默認的標(biāo)題欄和內(nèi)容芋酌，可選參數(shù)增显；UNNotificationExtensionOverridesDefaultTitle：是否讓系統(tǒng)采用消息的標(biāo)題作為通知的標(biāo)題，可選參數(shù)脐帝。
• 處理通知內(nèi)容擴展的過程中關(guān)于identifier的設(shè)置共有五處（UNNotificationAction同云、UNNotificationCategory、bestAttemptContent堵腹、contentExtension中的info.plist中炸站，aps字符串中），請區(qū)別不同identifier的作用疚顷。
• 兩個擴展聯(lián)合使用旱易，在XCode中選擇當(dāng)前target，才能打斷點看到相應(yīng)log信息腿堤。

工程源碼：GitHub地址

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