The Ultimate Guide to Learning Anything Faster

高效學習的終極指南

This post was originally published on Rype.
本文最初發(fā)表于 Rype.

“If only I could have learned Spanish a few years ago…”
“If only I learned about investing when I was still in my early twenties…”
“如果我在幾年前學習了西班牙語肮之。玄捕。惶桐《郏”
“如果我在二十出頭的時候學習了投資季惯。吗蚌。永票〗被牛”

If only.
如果

For many of us, there are more things we want to learn than we have time.
對于我們許多人來說扮宠，想學的東西總是多于我們所擁有的時間西乖。

As information becomes more readily accesible online, the number of things we want to learn is only continuing to increase. And the only variable we can control is the amount of time we spend learning them.
隨著在線獲取信息變得越來越快捷，我們想學的東西也越來越多坛增。對此我們唯一可以控制的變量就是花在學習這些事物上的時間获雕。

Shortening the learning curve is a topic that’s been studied for many years, and this guide will cover the fundamental core principles of learning faster. You’d be able to leverage these principles to push yourself to learn faster in any topics including languages, business, musical instruments, and more.
如何縮短學習時間這一問題已經(jīng)被研究了許多年，這份指南將會提供一些基礎性的核心原則來幫助你更高效地學習收捣。你可以通過實踐這些原則來讓你自己更高效地學習届案，比如學習語言、商務罢艾、樂器等等楣颠。

“One skill you want to master in this day and age we live in, if you want to have an extraordinary life, is the ability to learn rapidly”?—?Anthony Robbins

“在當今時代尽纽，如果你想要成就卓爾不凡，那就必須掌握一項技能童漩，快速學習的技能”—托尼·羅賓斯

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Don’t Reinvent the Wheel

不要重復發(fā)明輪子

Why reinvent a wheel that’s already been created?
干嘛要重新發(fā)明輪子呢弄贿？

The common tendency we all have when learning something new is trying to master it alone, underestimating the amount of time and effort that can be saved by getting help from someone who’s learnt it.
當我門學習新事物的時候總會有一種傾向，就是想要獨自完成矫膨，卻低估了如果從已經(jīng)掌握了這項技能的人那獲取幫助所能節(jié)約的時間與精力差凹。

Think back to a time when you first learned how to speak a new language or a new skill.
想想你剛開始學習外語或者新技能的時候吧。

You probably had a steep learning curve initially, but after a few years or even months of experimenting and making mistakes, you could design a shortcut to help a friend avoid those same mistakes you made early on.
剛開始你可能會有一條陡峭的學習曲線侧馅，然而通過幾年或者幾個月的試驗與犯錯危尿，你便可以為你的朋友指出一條捷徑，避免讓他們犯和你相同的錯誤馁痴。

In order to achieve mastery faster, our first step should be to consult the top players in the field, and model the path they have already carved out for us.
為了能快速掌握谊娇，我們第一步要做的便是參照這個領域最杰出的人物，然后尾隨他們已經(jīng)走過的道路罗晕。

As Tony Robbins puts it:
正如托尼·羅賓斯所說：

Many great leaders have proven that the fastest way to master any skill, strategy or goal in life is to model those who have already forged the path ahead. If you can find someone who is already getting the results that you want and take the same actions they are taking, you can get the same results.

It doesn’t matter what your age, gender, or background is, modeling gives you the capacity to fast track your dreams and achieve more in a much shorter period of time.

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許多偉大的領袖都已經(jīng)證明學習任何技能邮绿、策略與實現(xiàn)人生目標的最便捷方法就是模仿那些這條路上的先行者。你可以找一個已經(jīng)實現(xiàn)你想要的目標的人攀例，然后模仿他們的行動船逮，你也可以得到相同的結果。
這無關你的年齡粤铭、性別或者背景挖胃，模仿給你提供了一條實現(xiàn)夢想最便捷的，可以用最少的努力換取最大的成就的道路梆惯。

In this day and age, it’s possible to retrieve almost any solution that’s out there in the form of books, blogs, training videos, consultants, someone in our network?—?the list goes on.
現(xiàn)今酱鸭，我們可以通過書本、博客垛吗、教學視頻凹髓、顧問、社交網(wǎng)絡等地方找到幾乎所有問題的解決方案怯屉。

“Good artists copy. Great artists steal.”?—?Pablo Picasso

“能工摹形蔚舀，巧匠竊意。 ”—巴勃羅·畢加索

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Deconstruct the skill

解構技能

The next step to hacking the learning curve is to deconstruct the skill into its basic, fundamental components. Break down the parts and find the most important things to practice first.
破解學習曲線的下一步就是把技能解構為最基礎的組成部分锨络。分解為小部分赌躺，然后找出最重要的那部分來首先練習。

This is in reference to the popularized Pareto’s Principle, where the goal is to generate 80% of results putting in 20% of the effort.
下面是眾所周知的 帕累托法則羡儿，也就是** 80% 的結果由 20% 的付出獲得礼患。**

Pareto’s Principle

It turns out that this concept can apply to almost anything in life, including:
這個理論幾乎可以適用于生活中的一切問題，包括：

• Business (80% of sales comes from 20% of customers)
• Employee efficiency (80% of results comes from 20% of employees)
• Happiness (80% of happiness comes from 20% of relationships)
• Travel experiences (80% of our travels can be summed up from 20% of our highlight experiences)
• And so on…

• 商務（80% 的業(yè)績來源于 20% 的顧客）
• 員工效率（80% 的工作成果來源于 20% 的員工）
• 幸福感（80% 的幸福感來源于 20% 的人際關系）
• 旅行體驗（80% 的旅程可以總結為 20% 的精彩體驗）
• 等等

Here’s the Pareto graph in a different visual format.
這是從另一種圖表來觀察帕累托曲線：

*Pareto graph*

Embracing this way of thinking only goes to show that very few things actually make a difference in any aspect of our lives, including learning.
接受這種思考方式意味著在我們的生活中，只有一小部分的事物真正的發(fā)揮了作用缅叠，包括學習悄泥。

Our goal then, should be to separate the 20% of our learning materials that will give us 80% of the result.
我們的目標，便是在學習材料當中找出這取得 80% 結果的那 20% 的努力肤粱。

As it turns out, fast-learning experts have already embraced this ideology, and have provided some concrete examples on how to do this effectively.
事實上弹囚，高效學習專家已經(jīng)接受了這種理論，并提供了關于如何實踐的一些具體事例狼犯。

In his Ted Talk, Josh Kaufman believes that you don’t need 10,000 hours in order to master a skill. As Kaufman elaborates, the key is to embrace the first 20 hours, and learn the most important subset skills within that time frame to get the maximum amount of impact.
在他的 Ted 演講中，喬狭祛恚·考夫曼認為你并不需要10000小時來掌握一門技能悯森。正如考夫曼所闡述的，關鍵在于最初的 20 小時绪撵，在這段時間內(nèi)學習最重要的子技能來獲得最大的效果瓢姻。

Numerous studies in the fields of motor and cognitive skill acquisition have established that the first few hours of practicing a new skill always generate the most dramatic improvements in performance.

The general pattern looks like this: when you start, you’re horrible, but you improve very quickly as you learn the most important parts of the skill.

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在運動與認知技能獲取領域的許多研究都指出，學習一項技能最開始的幾個小時總是會產(chǎn)生最讓人吃驚的提升音诈。
這種模式差不多是這樣的：當你剛開始學習時幻碱，你感覺糟糕，但你學習最重要的那些部分時會得到快速的提高细溅。

Related topic to learn: Parkinson’s Law
相關閱讀：帕金森定律

For example:
例如：

• If you’re trying to learn a musical instrument, you should know the few, most common chords that gives you access to 80% of songs.

• If you’re trying to learn a new language, you should focus on learning the most common 1,500–2,000 words that will give you 80% of text coverage.

• 如果你想要學習樂器褥傍，你應該懂得那些組成了 80% 歌曲的最基礎的和弦。

• 如果你想要學習語言喇聊，你應該專注于那些構成文章 80% 內(nèi)容的恍风，最常見的 1500-2000 個單詞。

Stop Multitasking

停止一心多用

Multi-tasking is a guilty pleasure we’ve all developed in the age of constant notifications and mobile applications. From checking our emails every ten minutes, to scrolling through our instagram feed, to co-workers coming by our desk for a “five-minute break.”
一心多用是我們在無盡的提醒與手機應用時代所發(fā)展出來的罪惡體驗誓篱。每十分鐘查一次郵件朋贬，查看 Instagram 更新，和串門的同事來個”五分鐘休息“窜骄。

However, multi-tasking can be one of the biggest hurdles preventing us from learning faster.
然而锦募，一心多用卻是我們高效學習的障礙。

Think about your own computer.
想想你自己的電腦邻遏。

When you have 20+ different tabs open on your browser, your computer begins to slow down and it takes longer to process every action afterwards.
當你的瀏覽器打開 20+ 不同網(wǎng)頁時糠亩，你的電腦就會變得很慢，每一個動作都會花更長的時間准验。

study

Studies have shown that when an individual gets distracted, it takes an average of 25 minutes to return to the task at hand.
研究表明削解，當我們被打斷時，大約要花 平均 25 分鐘 的時間來重新投身于手頭的工作沟娱。

What’s more important to note, is that a study done by the University of California, Irvine, found that a co-worker gets only 11 minutes before they’re distracted.
更重要的是氛驮，加州大學的研究表明，我們差不多每 11 分鐘便會被同事干擾一次济似。

The same thing applies to our long-term focus. Many of us aren’t able to dedicate the 6–12+ months it takes to learn a skill because of the countless new projects, ideas, or hobbies that come our way.
同樣的事情也會發(fā)生在我們的長期目標上矫废。我們當中的許多人往往并不能花 6-12+ 個月的時間來學習一門新技能盏缤，因為在這個過程中我們會碰到新的項目，想法蓖扑，愛好唉铜。

And when we decide to shift our focus towards a new distraction, it’s much more difficult to find the same passion and drive to focus on the previous skill.
當我們決定將注意力投向新的方向時，以同樣的激情與動力重新投身于之前的目標就會變得更加的困難律杠。

Once you have deconstructed the subset skills that will give you the maximum amount of results, focus solely on improving those skills and avoid learning anything else until you’ve mastered them.
當你將技能解構為能給你最大效果的那些小部分后潭流，專注與這些部分并不要學習其他東西，直到你掌握了這項技能柜去。

Reps, reps, reps

重復灰嫉，重復，重復

This is the part where most of us struggle, and what many of us don’t want to hear.
這是最讓我們糾結嗓奢，也是許多人最不想聽到的東西讼撒。

YES! The key to mastering anything faster requires practice.
是的！高效學習的關鍵在于練習股耽。

It requires frequency and persistence of performing the same skill over and over again, until you can do it subconsciously, without having to think about it.
這需要堅持不停地重復相同的技能根盒，直到你能下意識的使用，完全不需要思考物蝙。

The best performers in the world understand this “secret” to learn faster and become the best, yet rarely talk about its importance because of how *unsexy *it sounds.
這世上最棒的演員懂得使用這個”秘密“來高效學習并成就完美炎滞，然而他們卻并不怎么提及這樣做的重要性，因為這聽起來并不酷诬乞。

Talent v. Work

Expert-level performance is primarily the result of expert-level practice, not due to innate talent.

高水平的表現(xiàn)來源于高強度的練習厂榛，無關天賦。

As K. Anders. Ericsson, a scientific researcher from Florida State University, elaborates in his paper:
正如弗羅里達州立大學研究員 K·安德斯·艾瑞克森在其論文中指出：

“People believe that because expert performance is qualitatively different from normal performance the expert performer must be endowed with characteristics qualitatively different from those of normal adults. This view has discouraged scientists from systematically examining expert performers and accounting for their performance in terms of the laws and principles of general psychology.”

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由于高水平的表現(xiàn)相對于一般水平是如此的與眾不同丽惭，使得人們相信那些專家必定都是天生具有某些常人所不具有的特質(zhì)击奶。這個觀點使得科學家沒有運用一般心理學的規(guī)則與原理來系統(tǒng)性的檢查這些專家的優(yōu)異表現(xiàn)背后所蘊含的原理。

Recommended further reading:

推薦拓展閱讀：

5 Research-Backed Methods to Master Any Skill Faster
5 個高效學習的科學方法

Seek Immediate Feedback

尋求即時反饋

In 1960, while they were still an unknown high school rock band, the Beatles went to Hamburg, Germany to play in the local clubs.
在 1960 年责掏，當他們還是一只默默無聞的高校搖滾樂隊時柜砾，甲殼蟲樂隊便去德國漢堡的一些當?shù)鼐銟凡垦莩觥?/p>

The group was underpaid. The acoustics were terrible. The audiences were unappreciative. So what did the Beatles get out of the Hamburg experience?
樂隊沒有薪水。音響效果很糟糕换衬。觀眾也不友好痰驱。那甲殼蟲樂隊從在漢堡的經(jīng)歷中到底得到了什么？

Non-stop hours of playing time, practice, and immediate feedback that forced them to get better.
不停地演出瞳浦、練習以及即時反饋讓他們不斷進步担映。

That’s the key difference that rose The Beatles to the top, according to Macolm Gladwell in his book Outliers.
馬爾科姆·格拉德威爾在他的書 Outliers 中指出，這就是讓甲殼蟲樂隊登上巔峰的關鍵性不同叫潦。

The band brothers didn’t just practice in their garage for the sake of practicing; they strived to get in front of a live audience that will provide them immediate criticism and constructive feedback.
樂隊的成員們并不只是在車庫為練習而練習蝇完；他們努力出現(xiàn)在那些會給他們提供批評與建設性意見的觀眾面前。

The Beatles

As the Beatles grew in skill, audiences demanded more performances?—?more playing time. By 1962 they were playing eight hours per night, seven nights per week. By 1964, the year they burst on the international scene, the Beatles had played over 1,200 concerts together.
當甲殼蟲樂隊的技藝變得精湛，觀眾便要求更多的演出-更多的表演時間短蜕。到 1962 年氢架，他們已經(jīng)是每周 7 天，每天 8 小時的表演了朋魔。到 1964年岖研，當他們在國際舞臺上光芒四射時，甲殼蟲樂隊已經(jīng)有過 1200 場的演唱會警检。

By way of comparison, most bands today don’t play 1,200 times in their entire career.
與之相比較孙援，當今大部分的樂隊在他們的整個職業(yè)生涯中也不會有 1200 次表演。

This is why at Rype, we’re solely focused on connecting you with native speaking tutors, who can give you immediate feedback during your lessons.
這就是為什么在 Rype 扇雕，我們專注于讓你和使用母語的導師聯(lián)結起來拓售，這能給你即時的反饋。

Go Long

堅持

Unfortunately, many of us give up before or during what Seth Godin calls “The Dip.”
不幸的是洼裤，大多數(shù)人在遇見賽斯·高汀所稱的“低潮期”時放棄了邻辉。

The Dip

Godin describes that although it’s important to know when to quit, many potential winners don’t reach success because they quit before the dip.
高汀認為盡管知道什么時候退出是重要的溪王，但大多數(shù)潛在的贏家并未成功是因為他們在低潮期之前放棄了腮鞍。

According to Godin:
如高汀所述：

Five Reasons You Might Fail to Become the Best in the World

1. You run out of time (and quit)
2. You run out of money (and quit)
3. You get scared (and quit)
4. You’re not serious about it (and quit)
5. You lose interest (and quit)

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五個你無法成為世界頂尖的原因：

1. 你沒有時間了（然后放棄）
2. 你沒有金錢了（然后放棄）
3. 你害怕了（然后放棄）
4. 你沒有認真對待（然后放棄）
5. 你失去了興趣（然后放棄）

Psychologists have also studied what’s known as the transition cycle.
心理學家同樣已經(jīng)對所謂的過渡周期做了研究。

It’s the cycle of progress we go through whenever we’re experiencing change or a novel event, such as a tragic event or even learning something new.
當我們體驗改變和新奇的事件例如悲痛的感覺甚至是學習新事物時莹菱，我們所渡過的是一個周期性的體驗移国。

Transition Cycle

As you can see, there’s a sense of euphoria we all experience when we begin something new. It’s why we’re so addicted to seeing notifications on social media, because dopamine gets released each time.
正如你所看見的，當開始學習新事物時道伟，我們會有一種短時間的極度興奮的體驗迹缀。這解釋了為什么我們會沉迷于查看社交媒體上的新提醒，因為每一次這么做都會導致多巴胺 的釋放蜜徽。

Once the Honeymoon phase fades away, we experience the “dip” and our progress begins to plateau or diminish. This is when most of us quit.
當蜜月期消逝祝懂，我們便會進入”低潮期“，于是我們的學習進程開始減緩或者停滯拘鞋。這就是大部分人放棄的時候砚蓬。

The reason why this is important to visualize is because if you can predict that a dip is coming whenever you’re learning anything new, it’s easier to fight through it.
形象化的認識這一問題的原因就在于，如果你當你在學習新技能的時候盆色，可以預測到低潮期的來臨灰蛙，于是，我們將能更好的來應對它隔躲。

More importantly, the dip is there because those persistent enough to stick it through can ride the upward wave that is at the end of the tunnel.
更重要的是摩梧，低潮期存在的意義是為了讓那些堅持下來的人能夠乘著曲線之后的高潮向前進。

We made it! Here’s the summary of main points discussed in the ultimate guide to hacking the learning curve:
我們做到了宣旱！下面是這篇關于高效學習終極教程一些重點的總結：

• **Model an expert **who’s been there and don’t reinvent the wheel
• **Deconstruct the skills **that will deliver 80% of results
• Stop Multitasking
• **Reps, reps, reps! **then seek immediate feedback
• **Go Long **and don’t quit before or during the dip

• 模仿專家然后記得不要重復發(fā)明輪子
• 解構技能找到產(chǎn)生 80% 結果的那部分
• 不要一心多用
• 重復仅父、重復、重復然后尋求即時反饋
• 堅持直到渡過低潮期

第一次翻譯這么長的文章，花了 3 個小時驾霜，結果也不怎么滿意案训，到現(xiàn)在都意識模糊了。文章內(nèi)容很雞湯粪糙，作為翻譯的練習倒是不錯强霎，內(nèi)容也挺適合現(xiàn)在的自己，以上蓉冈！