America's Presidents - Theodore Roosevelt 美國(guó)總統(tǒng) - 西奧多·羅斯福

VOA Learning English presents America’s Presidents.
美國(guó)之音慢速英語(yǔ)介紹美國(guó)總統(tǒng)欄目瘪松。

Today we are talking about Theodore Roosevelt, the 26^th president of the United States.
今天确买，我們討論的是西奧多·羅斯福帖渠，他是美國(guó)第26任總統(tǒng)雪营。

Theodore Roosevelt in 1903 by John Singer Sargent 1903年的西奧多·羅斯福，出自約翰·辛格爾·薩金特

Many Americans like to call him “Teddy” Roosevelt or even “T.R.” These nicknames^[1] for the president show that Roosevelt was, in general, popular with the public. He is one of the four presidents whose face can be seen on Mount Rushmore, a memorial to famous U.S. leaders.
很多美國(guó)人喜歡稱他為“泰迪”羅斯负阈颍或者姓名縮寫“T.R.”三圆。這些昵稱通常代表了羅斯福很受美國(guó)大眾歡迎。他是美國(guó)總統(tǒng)山的四位總統(tǒng)之一污呼，總統(tǒng)山是美國(guó)最著名的幾位總統(tǒng)的紀(jì)念碑裕坊。

Historians note that Roosevelt’s term in office marks the beginning of the modern presidency. In other words, he expanded the position, and used the media to connect with the public.
歷史學(xué)家指出，羅斯福的總統(tǒng)任期標(biāo)志著現(xiàn)代總統(tǒng)的開(kāi)始燕酷。也就是說(shuō)碍庵，他擴(kuò)大了總統(tǒng)職位，并運(yùn)用媒體與公眾聯(lián)系悟狱。

Among Americans, his public image is often linked to youth, energy, strength, courage, and playfulness. But his image has also been linked to a strong liking for military action – and for oneself.
在美國(guó)人眼里静浴，他的形象與年輕，活力挤渐，力量苹享，勇氣以及愛(ài)玩聯(lián)系在一起，但也與他對(duì)軍事行動(dòng)以及對(duì)自己的強(qiáng)烈喜愛(ài)聯(lián)系在一起浴麻。

Early life 早年生活

Theodore Roosevelt is also often tied to the American West, but he was born and raised on the East Coast, in New York City. His father was a wealthy businessman. His mother was from a Southern planter family that owned slaves.
西奧多·羅斯福經(jīng)常與美國(guó)西部聯(lián)系在一起得问，但他出生在美國(guó)東海岸的紐約市并在那里長(zhǎng)大。他的父親是一位富商软免，母親來(lái)自一個(gè)擁有奴隸的南方農(nóng)場(chǎng)主家庭宫纬。

Theodore Roosevelt had two sisters and a brother. His family called him by another nickname: Teedie.
西奧多·羅斯福有兩個(gè)姐妹和一個(gè)兄弟，家里人稱呼他的另一個(gè)昵稱：Teedie膏萧。

Theodore Roosevelt in 1875 1875年的西奧多·羅斯福

When he was a boy, young Theodore was often sick. He had asthma, a lung condition that could make physical activity difficult.
西奧多自幼體弱多病漓骚，他患有哮喘，一種由肺部引起身體活動(dòng)困難的疾病榛泛。

So, as he got older, Roosevelt strengthened his body. For the rest of his life, he strongly believed in physical exercise and vigorous^[2] activity – what he called “the strenuous^[3] life.”
所以蝌蹂，隨著羅斯福長(zhǎng)大，他不斷強(qiáng)健體魄曹锨。他一生都堅(jiān)信體育鍛煉和劇烈運(yùn)動(dòng)孤个，他稱之為“艱苦歲月”。

Young Roosevelt also had hunger for learning. He studied with private tutors, traveled overseas, and studied many subjects while in college at Harvard.
年輕時(shí)的羅斯福也求知若渴沛简，他受教于家庭教師齐鲤，去海外旅行，并在哈佛大學(xué)進(jìn)修了許多課程椒楣。

After his college years, he studied law briefly, and then began serving in public office in New York.
大學(xué)畢業(yè)后给郊，他短暫地學(xué)過(guò)法律，然后開(kāi)始在紐約擔(dān)任公職撒顿。

But tragedy halted his early government service.
但悲劇使他停止了早期的政府職務(wù)丑罪。

Roosevelt had married Alice Hathaway Lee, who soon became pregnant.
羅斯福和愛(ài)麗絲·海瑟薇·李結(jié)婚，愛(ài)麗絲很快就懷孕了。

But two days after the baby was born, Roosevelt’s wife died of kidney disease.
但孩子出生的兩天后吩屹，羅斯福的妻子就死于腎臟疾病跪另。

And, as it happened, Roosevelt’s mother died on the same day, in the same house. She suffered from Bright’s Disease, another disorder affecting the kidneys.
而且就在同一天，同一個(gè)屋檐下煤搜，羅斯福的母親也去世了免绿。他的母親死于布賴特氏病，是另一種腎臟疾病擦盾。

The future president was struck by grief^[4]. He left his baby daughter with his sister and went to the American West. There, Roosevelt lived as a cowboy – hunting, riding horses, taking part in cattle drives, and even chasing people who broke the law. The experience helped define Roosevelt’s life and beliefs.
這位未來(lái)總統(tǒng)充滿了悲痛嘲驾，他將女兒委托給大姐撫養(yǎng)，自己去了美國(guó)西部迹卢。他在那過(guò)起了牛仔生活辽故，打獵，騎馬腐碱，參加牛仔趕集费韭，甚至去追捕違法之人歼争。這段經(jīng)歷幫助羅斯福建立了他的人生信仰咽斧。

But after two years, he was ready to return to the East Coast. There, he married Edith Kermit Carow, a woman he had known since childhood. They settled in a house on Long Island, New York and raised Roosevelt’s daughter, Alice. He and Edith also had five other children.
兩年后捺弦，他做好準(zhǔn)備又返回了美國(guó)東海岸∧弊鳎回來(lái)后芋肠，他和青梅竹馬的戀人伊狄斯·克米特·卡柔結(jié)婚。他們婚后定居在紐約州長(zhǎng)島遵蚜，撫養(yǎng)羅斯福的女兒愛(ài)麗絲帖池，兩人也生養(yǎng)了另外五個(gè)孩子。

Theodore Roosevelt at San Juan Hill, 1898 1898年谬晕，羅斯福在圣胡安山

His family supported Roosevelt’s rise in Republican Party politics, including his campaign to become governor of New York.
家人支持羅斯福進(jìn)入共和黨碘裕，包括競(jìng)選紐約州州長(zhǎng)。

But some of the party officials were not happy with Roosevelt. They did not like his independence, and they did not want him to be re-elected as governor. So, they plotted to have him nominated as U.S. vice president in the election of 1900. They believed Roosevelt would not be able to give them much trouble in that position.
但黨內(nèi)一些官員對(duì)羅斯福較為不滿攒钳，他們不喜歡他的獨(dú)特個(gè)性，不希望他連任紐約州州長(zhǎng)雷滋。所以在1900年大選時(shí)不撑，他們策劃使羅斯福提名為副總統(tǒng)，認(rèn)為這樣羅斯福就不會(huì)給他們帶來(lái)太多麻煩晤斩。

As the Republican leaders hoped, Roosevelt and the sitting president, William McKinley, won both the popular and electoral vote in a landslide^[5].
正如共和黨領(lǐng)袖所希望的那樣焕檬，羅斯福和在任總統(tǒng)威廉·麥金萊以巨大優(yōu)勢(shì)贏得了普選和選舉人票。

But less than a year later, McKinley was dead.
但不到一年時(shí)間澳泵，麥金萊就死了实愚。

And with that, Republican leaders found that the man they wanted to get out of their way was now the country’s 26^th president.
共和黨領(lǐng)袖發(fā)現(xiàn)，原本想讓羅斯福不要擋他們的道，卻由于麥金萊的死反而當(dāng)上了第26任總統(tǒng)腊敲。

Presidency 總統(tǒng)任期

When he became president, Roosevelt was only 42 years old. He is still the youngest person to hold that office.
羅斯福就任總統(tǒng)時(shí)才42歲击喂，直到現(xiàn)在仍是美國(guó)史上最年輕的總統(tǒng)。

At first, Roosevelt promised to continue the policies of McKinley, who was, after all, the president voters had re-elected.
起初碰辅，羅斯福承諾會(huì)繼續(xù)麥金萊的政策懂昂，畢竟麥金萊是選民選舉出來(lái)的連任總統(tǒng)。

But Roosevelt quickly put his own mark on the presidency. He is known for trying to balance the needs of many groups in society, including business owners, farmers and workers.
但羅斯福很快就在總統(tǒng)職位上留下了自己的印記没宾。他試圖平衡社會(huì)各群體之間的需求凌彬，包括商人，農(nóng)場(chǎng)主和工人循衰。

Roosevelt called his program the “Square Deal.” In other words, he suggested that everyone was treated fairly.
羅斯福稱這個(gè)計(jì)劃為“公平交易”铲敛。換句話說(shuō)就是，他希望人人能能夠被公平對(duì)待会钝。

However, some Americans objected to Roosevelt reducing the power of big businesses. They said his use of government rules, in general, did not let market forces operate freely.
然而伐蒋，一些美國(guó)人反對(duì)羅斯福減少大企業(yè)的話語(yǔ)權(quán)。他們認(rèn)為顽素，就總體而言咽弦，羅斯福對(duì)政府規(guī)則的運(yùn)用沒(méi)有讓市場(chǎng)力量自由運(yùn)作。

Theodore Roosevelt at Yosemite National Park, California 西奧多·羅斯福在加州的優(yōu)勝美地國(guó)家公園

Roosevelt is also known for protecting the nation’s wilderness areas. He set aside more than 800,000 square kilometers of land to protect nature and wildlife.
羅斯福也因自然野生保護(hù)區(qū)而出名胁出。他設(shè)立了超過(guò)800,000平方公里的自然野生保護(hù)區(qū)型型。

In his foreign policy, Roosevelt was energetic. He helped Panama win independence from Colombia in order to start building the Panama Canal. He also defended and even added to the Monroe Doctrine, an idea from the presidency of James Monroe.
外交政策方面，羅斯福也是精力充沛全蝶。出于開(kāi)鑿巴拿馬運(yùn)河的考慮闹蒜，羅斯福幫助巴拿馬從哥倫比亞贏取獨(dú)立。羅斯福對(duì)外奉行門羅主義抑淫，甚至對(duì)該主義做了進(jìn)一步補(bǔ)充绷落。

Roosevelt confirmed^[6] that the United States would bar European powers from intervening in South America. And, more than that, that the U.S. would “police” the Western Hemisphere and make sure that countries honored their international obligations^[7].
羅斯福鞏固了美國(guó)禁止歐洲勢(shì)力干預(yù)南美洲。更重要的是始苇，美國(guó)將“監(jiān)督”西半球砌烁，確保各國(guó)履行其國(guó)際義務(wù)。

In other words, Roosevelt believed the United States had the right and responsibility to be a world power. If diplomatic negotiations did not work, he was not afraid to threaten the use of force. He famously said, “Speak softly and carry a big stick; you will go far.”
換句話說(shuō)催式，羅斯福相信美利堅(jiān)擁有權(quán)力和責(zé)任成為世界強(qiáng)國(guó)函喉。如果外交談判不起作用，他不害怕以武力威脅荣月。他有一句名言管呵，“溫言在口，大棒在手哺窄，故而致遠(yuǎn)捐下≌饲拢”

Roosevelt's children brought their pony, snake, and other pets into the White House. 羅斯福的孩子們將矮種馬，蛇和其他寵物帶進(jìn)了白宮坷襟。

Voters approved of Roosevelt’s actions. Or, at least they enjoyed his leadership, and his young family that played all over the White House.
民眾贊成羅斯福的舉措奸柬，或者，他們至少是享受羅斯福的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的啤握，而且他的孩子們可以在白宮里隨便玩耍鸟缕。

In 1904, Roosevelt easily won the presidency in his own right^[8]. He is the first vice president who took power after the death of a sitting president to earn his own term.
1904年，羅斯福憑自己的能力輕松贏得了總統(tǒng)職位排抬。他是第一位在任總統(tǒng)去世后上臺(tái)并贏得自己任期的副總統(tǒng)懂从。

Legacy 遺產(chǎn)

Although he was permitted to seek another term as president, Roosevelt promised not to. He left the White House in 1909, still a very young man.
盡管羅斯福是可以尋求總統(tǒng)連任的，但他承諾過(guò)不會(huì)蹲蒲。他在1909年離開(kāi)白宮番甩，仍舊非常年輕。

For a while, he traveled overseas. But when he returned home, he did not like the direction the new president and the Republican Party was going.
他在國(guó)外旅行了一段時(shí)間届搁。但當(dāng)他回到家鄉(xiāng)時(shí)缘薛，他不喜歡新總統(tǒng)和共和黨的方向。

So Roosevelt created a new political group, called the Progressive Party – or, as some called it, the Bull Moose Party. Not surprisingly, the term “bull moose” was meant to suggest Roosevelt and his animal-like strength.
所以卡睦，羅斯福創(chuàng)立了一個(gè)新的政治團(tuán)體宴胧，稱作進(jìn)步黨，一些人稱之為公鹿黨表锻。毫不奇怪恕齐，“公鹿”一詞意味著羅斯福像公鹿一樣頑強(qiáng)。

Although he earned many votes, Roosevelt did not win the 1912 election. Instead, he split the votes of the Republican Party, and permitted a Democrat to win the presidency.
盡管羅斯福贏得了許多選票瞬逊，但并沒(méi)有贏得1912年大選显歧。相反，由于他分走了共和黨的部分選票确镊，導(dǎo)致民主黨贏得了總統(tǒng)大選士骤。

Roosevelt’s efforts were not entirely lost, however. Later presidents – including Franklin Roosevelt, Harry Truman, John Kennedy, and Lyndon Johnson – used many of his ideas for reform.
然而，羅斯福的努力也沒(méi)有完全白費(fèi)蕾域。后來(lái)的總統(tǒng)拷肌，包括富蘭克林·羅斯福，哈里·杜魯門旨巷，約翰·肯尼迪廓块，以及林登·約翰遜都運(yùn)用了羅斯福的許多改革觀點(diǎn)。

Theodore Roosevelt in 1918 1918年的西奧多·羅斯福

And, major U.S. political parties today often find lessons^[9] from Roosevelt’s presidency they admire or support. Both Democrat Bill Clinton and Republican George W. Bush said Theodore Roosevelt was one of their role models.
并且契沫，如今美國(guó)的主要政治黨派經(jīng)常能夠從羅斯福的總統(tǒng)任期中得到他們欽佩或支持的觀念。民主黨總統(tǒng)比爾·克林頓和共和黨總統(tǒng)喬治·W·布什都說(shuō)過(guò)昔汉，西奧多·羅斯福是他們的榜樣懈万。

In the years after the 1912 election, Roosevelt remained active. He traveled, campaigned, and continued to try to influence politics from his home in New York, where he died unexpectedly in his sleep at age 60.
1912年大選之后的幾年里拴清，羅斯福仍然很活躍。他旅行会通，競(jìng)選口予，并且一直努力影響來(lái)自紐約州家鄉(xiāng)的政治。60歲時(shí)涕侈，他在睡夢(mèng)中意外死亡沪停。

One public official observed, “Death had to take Roosevelt sleeping, for if he had been awake, there would have been a fight.”
一位政府官員評(píng)論道，“死亡會(huì)讓羅斯福睡著裳涛，因?yàn)槿绻阎菊牛蜁?huì)有一場(chǎng)斗爭(zhēng)《巳”

原文鏈接

https://learningenglish.voanews.com/a/americas-presidents-theodore-roosevelt/3986653.html

1. nickname - n. a name that is different from your real name but is what your family and friends call you when they are talking to you or about you ?

2. vigorous - adj. done with great force and energy - 有力的舷礼，精力充沛的 ?

3. strenuous - adj. requiring or showing great energy and effort - 奮發(fā)的，艱苦的 ?

4. grief - n. deep sadness caused especially by someone's death ?

5. landslide - n. an election in which the winner gets a much greater number of votes than the loser ?

6. confirm - 使鞏固郊闯；批準(zhǔn)妻献；證實(shí) ?

7. obligation - n. something that you must do because of a law, rule, promise, etc. ?

8. in his own right - n. because of his own efforts, talent, etc., and not because of his connection with someone else - 憑自己的能力 ?

9. lesson - n. something learned through experience ?