這是YouTube上的一個演講總結(jié)空郊，主題為“study less study smart”讓你花費更少的時間，反而取得更好的學(xué)習(xí)成效丈攒。
《Study Less Study Smart A 6 minutes Summary of Marty Lobdell's Lecture》
If you've spend any time at all on YouTube looking for study advice,then you've probably come across(偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)哩罪，對...有印象) this video called Study Less, Study Smart.
如果你曾有花過時間在YouTube上找學(xué)習(xí)建議，你很有可能會看到過這個視頻叫做學(xué)的少學(xué)得好巡验。
This is a recorded lecture (演講記錄)from Professor Dr.Marty Lobdell who is a former psychology prefessor ?at Pierece College(皮爾斯學(xué)院) and wanted to give his thoughts on how to be an effective student.
這是Lobdell教授的一個演講記錄际插，他以前是皮爾斯學(xué)院的心理學(xué)教授，想就如何成為有效率的學(xué)生給出自己的一些看法显设。
The video came out (出版)when I was a sophomore in college,and I wanted to watch it,but the problem was,it was an entire hour long.I could just never make the time(抽出時間).I've seen a lot of students say the exact same thing about the video,so what I want to do with this video is try to give you about 80-90% of the value packed within the lecture in about 1/10th of the time.To do that ,I first watched the lecture myself,and took detailed(詳盡的仔細(xì)的) notes on it.If you want those notes ,I've actually included them at the end of this video.But frist,Let's get into the tips.
這個視頻出版的時候我當(dāng)時是個大學(xué)二年級的學(xué)生框弛，我也想看來著，但問題是捕捂，它有整整一個小時那么長瑟枫，我實在沒抽出來時間。我看好多學(xué)生都在說同樣的東西關(guān)于這個視頻的指攒，所以我想做的事就是給大家把80-90%這個視頻里的干貨打包成原時長的十分之一慷妙。為了做這個，我首先自己看了這個講座然后做了詳細(xì)的筆記允悦。如果你想要這些筆記膝擂，的確我這個視頻結(jié)尾有包含到。但是首先我們先來看下這些小竅門。
Tip number 1 is 'To break your studying into chunked(分塊的)sessions(一段時間)'.The reason for this is that the average student can only really pay attention for about 25-30minutes.This goes across the board from lectures,to reading,to studying.After about 25-30minutes,your efficiency starts to really taper off(越來越少)架馋，and that's why the advice to simply study more is not effective at all.
第一個小竅門是“把你的學(xué)習(xí)分成塊狀時間段”狞山。理由是一般學(xué)生都只能集中25-30分鐘的注意力。25-30分鐘過后你的效率確實會越來越低叉寂，逐步遞減铣墨，這也是為什么那種建議你單純的多多學(xué)習(xí)其實根本沒什么用。
Instead,you want to break your study sessions into about 20-30minute chunks,and after those are done,take 5minutes breaks where you do sth. fun,or at least away from your studies.Also,once your study sessions are done for the entire day,you want to give yourself a real,tangible(實際的办绝，可感知的，有形的)reward for doing it.As Dr.Lobdell says in the lecture,reinforcement(鞏固姚淆，增援孕蝉，補(bǔ)給)of positive thing builds good study habits,and as an added benefit,you're training yourself to study.As you keep doing this,you're going to able to study for longer and longer on each session.
相反的，你要把你的學(xué)習(xí)時段破成大概20-30分鐘的組塊腌逢，這些做完之后降淮，花5分鐘休息去做點好玩的事，或者至少遠(yuǎn)離你的學(xué)習(xí)搏讶。以及佳鳖，一旦你完成了一整天的學(xué)習(xí)時段，你要給自己一個真實的媒惕，實際可感的獎賞系吩，為你做到的這些。就像Lobdell博士在講座中說的妒蔚，積極的增援補(bǔ)給監(jiān)理好的學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣穿挨，還有作為額外的益處，你是在訓(xùn)練你自己去學(xué)習(xí)肴盏。如果你堅持這么做科盛，你將可以使你的每個學(xué)習(xí)時段變得越來越長。
Tip number 2 is to create a dedicated (專用的菜皂，專注的) study area.The reason for this is that our environment,the context(背景贞绵，環(huán)境)that we're in,largely determines our behavior.
第二，創(chuàng)建一個專用的學(xué)習(xí)區(qū)域恍飘。原因在于榨崩，我們所身處的環(huán)境，背景常侣，很大程度上決定了我們的行為蜡饵。
Think about when you're in class,when the professor presents(提出)a question to the entire class,you instinctively(本能的)raise your hand.But if he asks you specifically(明確地),you're going to give a verbal (言語上的，口頭的)responsr.This is automatic(必然的自然發(fā)生的).You're conditioned(訓(xùn)練胳施，使習(xí)慣于...的)to do it .Well,your studying area is the exact same.If you do it in a place you're conditioned to do other things,like sleep or play video games,or hang out with friends,it's going to be really hard to get into your studing.What you want to do is find an area that is specifically used for studying,so the context of the situation(情境)make it easy for you to get into your studies.
想想當(dāng)你在課堂上的時候溯祸，當(dāng)教授對整個教堂提出一個問題，你本能的會舉手，但如果他明確地點你來回答了焦辅，你就會給出口頭上的答復(fù)博杖。這是自然而然的。你已受過訓(xùn)練習(xí)慣上這樣做了筷登。所以你的學(xué)習(xí)領(lǐng)域也完全是一樣的剃根，如果你在一個你已習(xí)慣做別的事情的地方(比如睡覺，玩游戲機(jī)前方，和朋友玩的這些地方)學(xué)習(xí)狈醉，你將很難投入到學(xué)習(xí)中去。你要做的就是惠险，找一個特別的專門學(xué)習(xí)用的區(qū)域苗傅，那樣，這種境界下的環(huán)境氛圍就會讓你很容易就投入學(xué)習(xí)中去了班巩。
Dr. Lobdell's third tip is to study actively,and it's best summed up (總結(jié))
with this quote(原話n.),straight from the lecture: The more active you are in your learning,the more effective(有效率的)you will be. The best way to do this,rather than going through rote(死記硬背)memorization(識記渣慕，默記)，or reading and rereading chapters(章節(jié))from your book,what you're learning is going to fall into(分成)1 of 2 categories(類別)抱慌，either facts or concepts(觀念逊桦，概念).A concepts is sth. like,what does this particular bone in human body do?You have to understand it.A fact is just something you need to remember,what the name of this bone is.
Lobdell博士的第三個小貼士:積極主動的學(xué)習(xí)。最好還是用原話來總結(jié)抑进，這個引言直接來自講座中:你學(xué)的越積極强经，你就學(xué)的越有效率。最好的方法单匣，比起死記硬背的識記或是讀了又讀書中的章節(jié)夕凝，首先是在學(xué)習(xí)之前要去問你自己，我在學(xué)什么户秤？
你在學(xué)的東西其類別可以一分為二码秉，不是事實就是概念。概念就好比像是鸡号，這根特別的骨頭在人體中是什么作用转砖？你必須去理解它。事實就只是一個你需要去記住的東西鲸伴，這根骨頭的名稱是什么府蔗。
Concepts are more important than facts,because once you learn a concept,once you truly understand its inner(內(nèi)部的)workings,it's with you forever.You're going to remember it.Facts,on the other hand,can sort of(可以說是會)drift(飄,漂流) away over time,and the good thing about that is we have Google.We can look up(查找)facts very easily.Unfortunately,in a textingsituation in class,you have to remember both facts and concepts,and you don't have access to Google,usually,but still,concepts are going to be more important to learn first.
概念比事實更重要，因為一旦你了一個概念汞窗，一旦你真正理解了它內(nèi)部的運作姓赤，它就會永遠(yuǎn)跟著你了，你就能記住它了仲吏。事實不铆，從另一方面來講蝌焚，可以說是會隨著時間漸漸消失散去的。好在我們有谷歌誓斥，我們可以非常方便的查找事實只洒，不幸的是，當(dāng)情況是在在班級的測驗時劳坑，你就不得不把概念和事實都記住毕谴，還不能用谷歌，通常距芬，概念仍舊是更為重要涝开，要去先學(xué)習(xí)的。
The best way to learn these concepts and to be sure you know them is to put them in your own words.Test yourself and learn actively.There's one thing he gives as an example,which I think is one of the most important parts from the entire lecture,and it's his example about highlighting(突出強(qiáng)調(diào),彩筆標(biāo)記).
學(xué)習(xí)概念最好的方式就是框仔，把它們用你自己的語言組織起來以此確定你了解了忠寻。
自我檢測、積極學(xué)習(xí)存和。他給出了一件事作為例子，這也是我認(rèn)為整個講座中最重要的部分衷旅，他給的例子是關(guān)于彩筆標(biāo)重點捐腿。
Most students know not to highlight entire section of the book,because if they do that,you're basically highlighting nothing at all.But if you highlight really important terms, and then you go back to your first read and highlight session,and study them ,and just simply recognize the thing you highlightef before,and say 'oh,I know it,' then you're getting into this ?dangerous territory(區(qū)域范圍)where you don't ?know whether you're actually recalling something,or simply recognizing it.
大多數(shù)學(xué)生都知道不要把書上整段都標(biāo)亮，因為要是這樣柿顶，你基本上就等于啥也沒標(biāo)茄袖。但如果你標(biāo)亮了的確很重要的幾條，讀一遍劃重點之后你再反過頭來學(xué)嘁锯，然后只是認(rèn)出了你之前標(biāo)亮的宪祥，然后就說:“噢，這個我知道家乘』妊颍”然后你就快要進(jìn)入到這個危險區(qū)域了——你不知道你是不是確實能回憶出來，或者你只是單純能認(rèn)出它而已仁锯。
資料來源:YouTube
原創(chuàng)翻譯:小徽公子
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