iOS開發(fā)——Xcode編譯過程解析

Xcode

加入到新的團(tuán)隊(duì)后宣增，首先發(fā)現(xiàn)的問題就是項(xiàng)目編譯速度太慢了玫膀！簡直慢到令人發(fā)指，什么概念呢爹脾，當(dāng)你修改了項(xiàng)目的配置文件或者重新 pod install 或者其他改動(dòng)帖旨，導(dǎo)致工程觸發(fā)全量編譯時(shí)，編譯時(shí)間居然在30分~40分鐘不等灵妨！

雖然以前了解過一些編譯優(yōu)化的工作解阅，但沒有親自參與過，這一次也算是親自實(shí)踐了泌霍。比較明確的是货抄，在進(jìn)行優(yōu)化之前，首先要做的一定是深入研究一下 Xcode 的編譯過程烹吵，找到導(dǎo)致工程編譯慢的罪魁禍?zhǔn)装谋茫瑢ΠY下藥方能解決問題生蚁。

一個(gè)簡單的 Demo

為了方便輔助介紹 Xcode 的編譯過程，用 Xcode 創(chuàng)建一個(gè)簡單的 single view app藏姐，考慮到采用 Cocoapods 進(jìn)行第三方庫管理已經(jīng)成了幾乎所有 iOS 項(xiàng)目的標(biāo)配呀酸，我這里使用本地源碼創(chuàng)建的一個(gè)本地 pod 來實(shí)驗(yàn)凉蜂。Log 目錄下存在一個(gè) TestLog.podpec 的文件，執(zhí)行 pod install 后，就得到的集成后的工程窿吩，工程結(jié)構(gòu)如下圖所示：


Demo 結(jié)構(gòu)

注茎杂，Podfile 和 podspec 均使用官方命令產(chǎn)出：

pod init
pod spec create TestLog

頁面啟動(dòng)后調(diào)用 XcodeLog 的類方法：+[XcodeLog log]，打印一行日志：


運(yùn)行 Demo

ok纫雁，Demo 準(zhǔn)備好了煌往，也運(yùn)行起來了，我們一起看下編譯它過程轧邪。

Demo 編譯過程

Xcode 非常的強(qiáng)大刽脖，強(qiáng)大到整個(gè)編譯細(xì)節(jié)你都可以看到！


消息報(bào)告工具

于是忌愚，我們 cmd + B 后曲管，看到詳細(xì)的編譯日志：


編譯流程

流程大致分為：

  • 編譯 TestLog 這個(gè) Target
  • 編譯 Pods-XcodeDemo 這個(gè) Target
  • 編譯 XcodeDemo 這個(gè)主工程
  • 編譯完成

默認(rèn)情況下，上面細(xì)節(jié)的界面隱藏了大量編譯信息硕糊，我們可以通過點(diǎn)擊每一條單獨(dú)的任務(wù)進(jìn)行展開院水，更詳細(xì)的信息就在這里面了。


編譯詳細(xì)

Target 編譯

  1. Write auxiliary files
    生成一些輔助文件简十，主要是 .hmap檬某、LinkFileList 文件，用于輔助執(zhí)行編譯用的勺远，可以提高二次編譯速度橙喘。
Write auxiliary files

write-file /Users/ranger/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/XcodeDemo-fmyuqhxixlpjqqdzsflmuzdvhmgt/Build/Intermediates.noindex/Pods.build/Debug-iphonesimulator/TestLog.build/TestLog-all-target-headers.hmap
write-file /Users/ranger/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/XcodeDemo-fmyuqhxixlpjqqdzsflmuzdvhmgt/Build/Intermediates.noindex/Pods.build/Debug-iphonesimulator/TestLog.build/TestLog-generated-files.hmap
/bin/mkdir -p /Users/ranger/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/XcodeDemo-fmyuqhxixlpjqqdzsflmuzdvhmgt/Build/Intermediates.noindex/Pods.build/Debug-iphonesimulator/TestLog.build/Objects-normal/x86_64
write-file /Users/ranger/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/XcodeDemo-fmyuqhxixlpjqqdzsflmuzdvhmgt/Build/Intermediates.noindex/Pods.build/Debug-iphonesimulator/TestLog.build/Objects-normal/x86_64/TestLog.LinkFileList
write-file /Users/ranger/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/XcodeDemo-fmyuqhxixlpjqqdzsflmuzdvhmgt/Build/Intermediates.noindex/Pods.build/Debug-iphonesimulator/TestLog.build/TestLog-own-target-headers.hmap
write-file /Users/ranger/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/XcodeDemo-fmyuqhxixlpjqqdzsflmuzdvhmgt/Build/Intermediates.noindex/Pods.build/Debug-iphonesimulator/TestLog.build/TestLog.hmap
write-file /Users/ranger/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/XcodeDemo-fmyuqhxixlpjqqdzsflmuzdvhmgt/Build/Intermediates.noindex/Pods.build/Debug-iphonesimulator/TestLog.build/TestLog-project-headers.hmap
write-file /Users/ranger/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/XcodeDemo-fmyuqhxixlpjqqdzsflmuzdvhmgt/Build/Intermediates.noindex/Pods.build/Debug-iphonesimulator/TestLog.build/TestLog-all-non-framework-target-headers.hmap
  1. 編譯 .m 文件
    .m 是主要的源文件，經(jīng)過預(yù)編譯操作后胶逢，這里的 .m 是展開后的厅瞎，可以獨(dú)立編譯生成最后的 .o 文件。
    這里 CompileC 命令和 clang 命令
CompileC /Users/ranger/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/XcodeDemo-fmyuqhxixlpjqqdzsflmuzdvhmgt/Build/Intermediates.noindex/Pods.build/Debug-iphonesimulator/TestLog.build/Objects-normal/x86_64/XcodeLog.o /Users/ranger/tmp/XcodeDemo/XcodeDemo/Log/XcodeLog.m normal x86_64 objective-c com.apple.compilers.llvm.clang.1_0.compiler
cd /Users/ranger/tmp/XcodeDemo/Pods
export LANG=en_US.US-ASCII
export PATH="/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/iPhoneSimulator.platform/Developer/usr/bin:/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin"
    /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/clang -x objective-c -arch x86_64 -fmessage-length=0 -fdiagnostics-show-note-include-stack -fmacro-backtrace-limit=0 -std=gnu11 -fobjc-arc -fobjc-weak -fmodules -fmodules-cache-path=/Users/ranger/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/ModuleCache.noindex -fmodules-prune-interval=86400 -fmodules-prune-after=345600 -fbuild-session-file=/Users/ranger/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/ModuleCache.noindex/Session.modulevalidation -fmodules-validate-once-per-build-session -Wnon-modular-include-in-framework-module -Werror=non-modular-include-in-framework-module -Wno-trigraphs -fpascal-strings -O0 -fno-common -Wno-missing-field-initializers -Wno-missing-prototypes -Werror=return-type -Wdocumentation -Wunreachable-code -Wno-implicit-atomic-properties -Werror=deprecated-objc-isa-usage -Werror=objc-root-class -Wno-arc-repeated-use-of-weak -Wimplicit-retain-self -Wduplicate-method-match -Wno-missing-braces -Wparentheses -Wswitch -Wunused-function -Wno-unused-label -Wno-unused-parameter -Wunused-variable -Wunused-value -Wempty-body -Wuninitialized -Wconditional-uninitialized -Wno-unknown-pragmas -Wno-shadow -Wno-four-char-constants -Wno-conversion -Wconstant-conversion -Wint-conversion -Wbool-conversion -Wenum-conversion -Wno-float-conversion -Wnon-literal-null-conversion -Wobjc-literal-conversion -Wshorten-64-to-32 -Wpointer-sign -Wno-newline-eof -Wno-selector -Wno-strict-selector-match -Wundeclared-selector -Wdeprecated-implementations -DPOD_CONFIGURATION_DEBUG=1 -DDEBUG=1 -DCOCOAPODS=1 -DOBJC_OLD_DISPATCH_PROTOTYPES=0 -isysroot /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/iPhoneSimulator.platform/Developer/SDKs/iPhoneSimulator11.4.sdk -fasm-blocks -fstrict-aliasing -Wprotocol -Wdeprecated-declarations -mios-simulator-version-min=9.0 -g -Wno-sign-conversion -Winfinite-recursion -Wcomma -Wblock-capture-autoreleasing -Wstrict-prototypes -Wunguarded-availability -fobjc-abi-version=2 -fobjc-legacy-dispatch -index-store-path /Users/ranger/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/XcodeDemo-fmyuqhxixlpjqqdzsflmuzdvhmgt/Index/DataStore -iquote /Users/ranger/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/XcodeDemo-fmyuqhxixlpjqqdzsflmuzdvhmgt/Build/Intermediates.noindex/Pods.build/Debug-iphonesimulator/TestLog.build/TestLog-generated-files.hmap -I/Users/ranger/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/XcodeDemo-fmyuqhxixlpjqqdzsflmuzdvhmgt/Build/Intermediates.noindex/Pods.build/Debug-iphonesimulator/TestLog.build/TestLog-own-target-headers.hmap -I/Users/ranger/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/XcodeDemo-fmyuqhxixlpjqqdzsflmuzdvhmgt/Build/Intermediates.noindex/Pods.build/Debug-iphonesimulator/TestLog.build/TestLog-all-target-headers.hmap -iquote /Users/ranger/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/XcodeDemo-fmyuqhxixlpjqqdzsflmuzdvhmgt/Build/Intermediates.noindex/Pods.build/Debug-iphonesimulator/TestLog.build/TestLog-project-headers.hmap -I/Users/ranger/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/XcodeDemo-fmyuqhxixlpjqqdzsflmuzdvhmgt/Build/Products/Debug-iphonesimulator/TestLog/include -I/Users/ranger/tmp/XcodeDemo/Pods/Headers/Private -I/Users/ranger/tmp/XcodeDemo/Pods/Headers/Private/TestLog -I/Users/ranger/tmp/XcodeDemo/Pods/Headers/Public -I/Users/ranger/tmp/XcodeDemo/Pods/Headers/Public/TestLog -I/Users/ranger/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/XcodeDemo-fmyuqhxixlpjqqdzsflmuzdvhmgt/Build/Intermediates.noindex/Pods.build/Debug-iphonesimulator/TestLog.build/DerivedSources/x86_64 -I/Users/ranger/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/XcodeDemo-fmyuqhxixlpjqqdzsflmuzdvhmgt/Build/Intermediates.noindex/Pods.build/Debug-iphonesimulator/TestLog.build/DerivedSources -F/Users/ranger/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/XcodeDemo-fmyuqhxixlpjqqdzsflmuzdvhmgt/Build/Products/Debug-iphonesimulator/TestLog -include /Users/ranger/tmp/XcodeDemo/Pods/Target\ Support\ Files/TestLog/TestLog-prefix.pch -MMD -MT dependencies -MF /Users/ranger/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/XcodeDemo-fmyuqhxixlpjqqdzsflmuzdvhmgt/Build/Intermediates.noindex/Pods.build/Debug-iphonesimulator/TestLog.build/Objects-normal/x86_64/XcodeLog.d --serialize-diagnostics /Users/ranger/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/XcodeDemo-fmyuqhxixlpjqqdzsflmuzdvhmgt/Build/Intermediates.noindex/Pods.build/Debug-iphonesimulator/TestLog.build/Objects-normal/x86_64/XcodeLog.dia -c /Users/ranger/tmp/XcodeDemo/XcodeDemo/Log/XcodeLog.m -o /Users/ranger/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/XcodeDemo-fmyuqhxixlpjqqdzsflmuzdvhmgt/Build/Intermediates.noindex/Pods.build/Debug-iphonesimulator/TestLog.build/Objects-normal/x86_64/XcodeLog.o
  1. 編譯 xxx-dummy.m 文件
    xxx-dummy.m 文件是 CocoaPods 使用的用于區(qū)分不同 pod 的編譯文件初坠，每個(gè)第三方庫有不同的 target和簸，所以每次編譯第三方庫時(shí)，都會(huì)新增幾個(gè)文件：包含編譯選項(xiàng)的.xcconfig文件碟刺，同時(shí)擁有編譯設(shè)置和 CocoaPods 配置的私有 .xcconfig 文件锁保，編譯所必須的prefix.pch文件以及編譯必須的文件 dummy.m
CompileC /Users/ranger/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/XcodeDemo-fmyuqhxixlpjqqdzsflmuzdvhmgt/Build/Intermediates.noindex/Pods.build/Debug-iphonesimulator/TestLog.build/Objects-normal/x86_64/TestLog-dummy.o Target\ Support\ Files/TestLog/TestLog-dummy.m normal x86_64 objective-c com.apple.compilers.llvm.clang.1_0.compiler
cd /Users/ranger/tmp/XcodeDemo/Pods
export LANG=en_US.US-ASCII
export PATH="/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/iPhoneSimulator.platform/Developer/usr/bin:/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin"
    /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/clang -x objective-c -arch x86_64 -fmessage-length=0 -fdiagnostics-show-note-include-stack -fmacro-backtrace-limit=0 -std=gnu11 -fobjc-arc -fobjc-weak -fmodules -fmodules-cache-path=/Users/ranger/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/ModuleCache.noindex -fmodules-prune-interval=86400 -fmodules-prune-after=345600 -fbuild-session-file=/Users/ranger/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/ModuleCache.noindex/Session.modulevalidation -fmodules-validate-once-per-build-session -Wnon-modular-include-in-framework-module -Werror=non-modular-include-in-framework-module -Wno-trigraphs -fpascal-strings -O0 -fno-common -Wno-missing-field-initializers -Wno-missing-prototypes -Werror=return-type -Wdocumentation -Wunreachable-code -Wno-implicit-atomic-properties -Werror=deprecated-objc-isa-usage -Werror=objc-root-class -Wno-arc-repeated-use-of-weak -Wimplicit-retain-self -Wduplicate-method-match -Wno-missing-braces -Wparentheses -Wswitch -Wunused-function -Wno-unused-label -Wno-unused-parameter -Wunused-variable -Wunused-value -Wempty-body -Wuninitialized -Wconditional-uninitialized -Wno-unknown-pragmas -Wno-shadow -Wno-four-char-constants -Wno-conversion -Wconstant-conversion -Wint-conversion -Wbool-conversion -Wenum-conversion -Wno-float-conversion -Wnon-literal-null-conversion -Wobjc-literal-conversion -Wshorten-64-to-32 -Wpointer-sign -Wno-newline-eof -Wno-selector -Wno-strict-selector-match -Wundeclared-selector -Wdeprecated-implementations -DPOD_CONFIGURATION_DEBUG=1 -DDEBUG=1 -DCOCOAPODS=1 -DOBJC_OLD_DISPATCH_PROTOTYPES=0 -isysroot /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/iPhoneSimulator.platform/Developer/SDKs/iPhoneSimulator11.4.sdk -fasm-blocks -fstrict-aliasing -Wprotocol -Wdeprecated-declarations -mios-simulator-version-min=9.0 -g -Wno-sign-conversion -Winfinite-recursion -Wcomma -Wblock-capture-autoreleasing -Wstrict-prototypes -Wunguarded-availability -fobjc-abi-version=2 -fobjc-legacy-dispatch -index-store-path /Users/ranger/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/XcodeDemo-fmyuqhxixlpjqqdzsflmuzdvhmgt/Index/DataStore -iquote /Users/ranger/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/XcodeDemo-fmyuqhxixlpjqqdzsflmuzdvhmgt/Build/Intermediates.noindex/Pods.build/Debug-iphonesimulator/TestLog.build/TestLog-generated-files.hmap -I/Users/ranger/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/XcodeDemo-fmyuqhxixlpjqqdzsflmuzdvhmgt/Build/Intermediates.noindex/Pods.build/Debug-iphonesimulator/TestLog.build/TestLog-own-target-headers.hmap -I/Users/ranger/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/XcodeDemo-fmyuqhxixlpjqqdzsflmuzdvhmgt/Build/Intermediates.noindex/Pods.build/Debug-iphonesimulator/TestLog.build/TestLog-all-target-headers.hmap -iquote /Users/ranger/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/XcodeDemo-fmyuqhxixlpjqqdzsflmuzdvhmgt/Build/Intermediates.noindex/Pods.build/Debug-iphonesimulator/TestLog.build/TestLog-project-headers.hmap -I/Users/ranger/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/XcodeDemo-fmyuqhxixlpjqqdzsflmuzdvhmgt/Build/Products/Debug-iphonesimulator/TestLog/include -I/Users/ranger/tmp/XcodeDemo/Pods/Headers/Private -I/Users/ranger/tmp/XcodeDemo/Pods/Headers/Private/TestLog -I/Users/ranger/tmp/XcodeDemo/Pods/Headers/Public -I/Users/ranger/tmp/XcodeDemo/Pods/Headers/Public/TestLog -I/Users/ranger/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/XcodeDemo-fmyuqhxixlpjqqdzsflmuzdvhmgt/Build/Intermediates.noindex/Pods.build/Debug-iphonesimulator/TestLog.build/DerivedSources/x86_64 -I/Users/ranger/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/XcodeDemo-fmyuqhxixlpjqqdzsflmuzdvhmgt/Build/Intermediates.noindex/Pods.build/Debug-iphonesimulator/TestLog.build/DerivedSources -F/Users/ranger/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/XcodeDemo-fmyuqhxixlpjqqdzsflmuzdvhmgt/Build/Products/Debug-iphonesimulator/TestLog -include /Users/ranger/tmp/XcodeDemo/Pods/Target\ Support\ Files/TestLog/TestLog-prefix.pch -MMD -MT dependencies -MF /Users/ranger/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/XcodeDemo-fmyuqhxixlpjqqdzsflmuzdvhmgt/Build/Intermediates.noindex/Pods.build/Debug-iphonesimulator/TestLog.build/Objects-normal/x86_64/TestLog-dummy.d --serialize-diagnostics /Users/ranger/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/XcodeDemo-fmyuqhxixlpjqqdzsflmuzdvhmgt/Build/Intermediates.noindex/Pods.build/Debug-iphonesimulator/TestLog.build/Objects-normal/x86_64/TestLog-dummy.dia -c /Users/ranger/tmp/XcodeDemo/Pods/Target\ Support\ Files/TestLog/TestLog-dummy.m -o /Users/ranger/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/XcodeDemo-fmyuqhxixlpjqqdzsflmuzdvhmgt/Build/Intermediates.noindex/Pods.build/Debug-iphonesimulator/TestLog.build/Objects-normal/x86_64/TestLog-dummy.o
  1. 創(chuàng)建靜態(tài)庫
    創(chuàng)建當(dāng)前架構(gòu)的靜態(tài)庫，例如栗子中用的是模擬器半沽，對應(yīng)的是 x86_64 架構(gòu)爽柒。
Libtool /Users/ranger/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/XcodeDemo-fmyuqhxixlpjqqdzsflmuzdvhmgt/Build/Products/Debug-iphonesimulator/TestLog/libTestLog.a normal x86_64
cd /Users/ranger/tmp/XcodeDemo/Pods
export IPHONEOS_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET=9.0
export PATH="/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/iPhoneSimulator.platform/Developer/usr/bin:/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin"
    /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/libtool -static -arch_only x86_64 -syslibroot /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/iPhoneSimulator.platform/Developer/SDKs/iPhoneSimulator11.4.sdk -L/Users/ranger/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/XcodeDemo-fmyuqhxixlpjqqdzsflmuzdvhmgt/Build/Products/Debug-iphonesimulator/TestLog -filelist /Users/ranger/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/XcodeDemo-fmyuqhxixlpjqqdzsflmuzdvhmgt/Build/Intermediates.noindex/Pods.build/Debug-iphonesimulator/TestLog.build/Objects-normal/x86_64/TestLog.LinkFileList -o /Users/ranger/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/XcodeDemo-fmyuqhxixlpjqqdzsflmuzdvhmgt/Build/Products/Debug-iphonesimulator/TestLog/libTestLog.a
  1. 拷貝頭文件
    將所有的頭文件拷貝到 Pods 目錄對應(yīng)的 pod 里，沒有頭文件配合使用的二進(jìn)制庫是不能使用的者填。
CpHeader /Users/ranger/tmp/XcodeDemo/XcodeDemo/Log/XcodeLog.h /Users/ranger/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/XcodeDemo-fmyuqhxixlpjqqdzsflmuzdvhmgt/Build/Products/Debug-iphonesimulator/TestLog/XcodeLog.h
cd /Users/ranger/tmp/XcodeDemo/Pods
export PATH="/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/iPhoneSimulator.platform/Developer/usr/bin:/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin"
builtin-copy -exclude .DS_Store -exclude CVS -exclude .svn -exclude .git -exclude .hg -resolve-src-symlinks /Users/ranger/tmp/XcodeDemo/XcodeDemo/Log/XcodeLog.h /Users/ranger/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/XcodeDemo-fmyuqhxixlpjqqdzsflmuzdvhmgt/Build/Products/Debug-iphonesimulator/TestLog
  1. 拷貝資源文件(如果有)

主工程編譯

  1. Write auxiliary files
  2. Process product packaging
  3. 執(zhí)行 cocoapods 資源拷貝腳本
  4. 編譯 .m 文件
  5. 鏈接靜態(tài)庫
  6. 編譯資源文件
  7. Process info.plist file
  8. 執(zhí)行 cocoapods 資源拷貝腳本
  9. 創(chuàng)建 .app
  10. 打包及簽名

仔細(xì)觀察

我們知道浩村，XcodeDemo 是工程的主 Target，那 TestLog 和 Pods-XcodeDemo 是哪兒來的呢占哟？
嗯心墅，了解 CocoaPods 原理的同學(xué)都知道酿矢，CocoaPods 創(chuàng)建了 Pods 工程，引入新的工程來隱藏第三方庫的依賴怎燥，從而管理第三方 pods瘫筐。簡單說就是主工程依賴 Pods 工程，Pods 工程依賴子
pods铐姚，從而間接被主工程依賴策肝。而新的 Target 就是 CocoaPods 創(chuàng)建的。

仔細(xì)觀察編譯過程隐绵，我們會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)驳糯，除了主工程直接生成最終的 .app 外，其他工程(Target)都會(huì)編譯成一個(gè)靜態(tài)庫被主工程去 Link氢橙，如果某個(gè)工程特別大酝枢，包含眾多的 .m 文件或者其他資源文件，那么 Xcode 就會(huì)花費(fèi)較多的時(shí)間去編譯悍手。


創(chuàng)建靜態(tài)庫1

創(chuàng)建靜態(tài)庫2

而在 Link 階段帘睦，Xcode 會(huì)將前面創(chuàng)建的所有二進(jìn)制文件做一次鏈接得到最后的二進(jìn)制包

Ld /Users/ranger/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/XcodeDemo-fmyuqhxixlpjqqdzsflmuzdvhmgt/Build/Products/Debug-iphonesimulator/XcodeDemo.app/XcodeDemo normal x86_64
cd /Users/ranger/tmp/XcodeDemo
export IPHONEOS_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET=9.0
export PATH="/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/iPhoneSimulator.platform/Developer/usr/bin:/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin"
/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/clang -arch x86_64 -isysroot /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/iPhoneSimulator.platform/Developer/SDKs/iPhoneSimulator11.4.sdk -L/Users/ranger/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/XcodeDemo-fmyuqhxixlpjqqdzsflmuzdvhmgt/Build/Products/Debug-iphonesimulator -L/Users/ranger/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/XcodeDemo-fmyuqhxixlpjqqdzsflmuzdvhmgt/Build/Products/Debug-iphonesimulator/TestLog -F/Users/ranger/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/XcodeDemo-fmyuqhxixlpjqqdzsflmuzdvhmgt/Build/Products/Debug-iphonesimulator -filelist /Users/ranger/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/XcodeDemo-fmyuqhxixlpjqqdzsflmuzdvhmgt/Build/Intermediates.noindex/XcodeDemo.build/Debug-iphonesimulator/XcodeDemo.build/Objects-normal/x86_64/XcodeDemo.LinkFileList -Xlinker -rpath -Xlinker @executable_path/Frameworks -mios-simulator-version-min=9.0 -dead_strip -Xlinker -object_path_lto -Xlinker /Users/ranger/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/XcodeDemo-fmyuqhxixlpjqqdzsflmuzdvhmgt/Build/Intermediates.noindex/XcodeDemo.build/Debug-iphonesimulator/XcodeDemo.build/Objects-normal/x86_64/XcodeDemo_lto.o -Xlinker -export_dynamic -Xlinker -no_deduplicate -Xlinker -objc_abi_version -Xlinker 2 -fobjc-arc -fobjc-link-runtime -ObjC -lTestLog -Xlinker -sectcreate -Xlinker __TEXT -Xlinker __entitlements -Xlinker /Users/ranger/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/XcodeDemo-fmyuqhxixlpjqqdzsflmuzdvhmgt/Build/Intermediates.noindex/XcodeDemo.build/Debug-iphonesimulator/XcodeDemo.build/XcodeDemo.app-Simulated.xcent -lPods-XcodeDemo -Xlinker -dependency_info -Xlinker /Users/ranger/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/XcodeDemo-fmyuqhxixlpjqqdzsflmuzdvhmgt/Build/Intermediates.noindex/XcodeDemo.build/Debug-iphonesimulator/XcodeDemo.build/Objects-normal/x86_64/XcodeDemo_dependency_info.dat -o /Users/ranger/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/XcodeDemo-fmyuqhxixlpjqqdzsflmuzdvhmgt/Build/Products/Debug-iphonesimulator/XcodeDemo.app/XcodeDemo

整體流程大概就是這樣，即使再復(fù)雜的工程坦康，也是類似的流程和操作竣付。

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