android 6.0以后明场，新增加了動態(tài)申請權(quán)限這一要求交掏，具體是怎么回事呢？

1.概述

• 關(guān)于運(yùn)行時權(quán)限
  在Android6.0開始拖叙，App可以直接安裝诅炉，App在運(yùn)行時一個一個詢問用戶授予權(quán)限蜡歹，系統(tǒng)會彈出一個對話框讓用戶選擇是否授權(quán)某個權(quán)限給App（這個Dialog不能由開發(fā)者定制），當(dāng)App需要用戶授予不恰當(dāng)?shù)臋?quán)限的時候涕烧，用戶可以拒絕月而，用戶也可以在設(shè)置頁面對每個App的權(quán)限進(jìn)行管理。
  特別注意：這個對話框不是開發(fā)者調(diào)用某個權(quán)限的功能時由系統(tǒng)自動彈出议纯，而是需要開發(fā)者手動調(diào)用父款，如果你直接調(diào)用而沒有去申請權(quán)限的話，將會導(dǎo)致App崩潰瞻凤。
• 哪些權(quán)限需要動態(tài)申請
  正常權(quán)限： 使用時直接在清單文件中聲明即可憨攒。
  
  正常權(quán)限.jpg

危險權(quán)限： 使用時需要動態(tài)申請權(quán)限。

危險權(quán)限.jpg

2.申請權(quán)限工具類

申請權(quán)限的流程：
1.判斷是否是 Android 6.0以上
2.判斷權(quán)限（危險權(quán)限）是否申請了
3.沒有申請阀参，去申請

1.定義權(quán)限申請回掉接口

public interface PermissionListener {
    // 申請成功
    public void onSucceed();
    // 申請失敗
    public void onFiled();
}

2.申請權(quán)限的工具類

public class PermissionUtils {

    //判斷版本是否是6.0
    public static boolean isVersionCodeM() {
        return Build.VERSION.SDK_INT > Build.VERSION_CODES.M;
    }
    /**
     *
     * @param context
     * @param permissions
     * @return 獲取未授權(quán)的集合
     */
    public static List<String> getDeniedList(Context context,String... permissions){
        //創(chuàng)建一個未授權(quán)的集合
        List<String> deniedList =new ArrayList<>();
        //如果傳入為null,返回空的集合
        if (permissions.length==0) {
            return deniedList;
        }
        for (String permission : permissions) {
            int permissionCode = ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(context, permission);
            if (permissionCode== PackageManager.PERMISSION_DENIED) {
                //將沒有授權(quán)的添加到集合
                deniedList.add(permission);
            }
        }
        return deniedList;
    }
}

3.申請權(quán)限的幫助類 (無界面的fragment)

public class PermissionFragment extends Fragment {
    private static final int REQUESTCODE = 66;
    private static final int REQUEST_PERMISSION_SETTING = 55;
    private PermissionListener mPermissionListener;
    private Activity mActivity;

    @Override
    public void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        //  Fragment具有屬性retainInstance肝集，默認(rèn)值為false。當(dāng)設(shè)備旋轉(zhuǎn)時蛛壳，fragment會隨托管activity一起銷毀并重建杏瞻。調(diào)用setRetainInstance(true)方法可保留fragment，
        setRetainInstance(true);
    }

    public void setPermissionListener(PermissionListener permissionListener) {
        this.mPermissionListener = permissionListener;
    }

    @RequiresApi(api = Build.VERSION_CODES.M)
    public void requestPermissions(Activity activity, String[] permission) {
        this.mActivity = activity;
        requestPermissions(permission, REQUESTCODE);
    }

    @RequiresApi(api = Build.VERSION_CODES.M)
    @Override
    public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
        super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
        if (requestCode == REQUESTCODE) {
            // 獲取未申請的權(quán)限列表
            List<String> deniedPermissions = PermissionUtils.getDeniedList(mActivity, permissions);
            if (deniedPermissions.size() > 0) {
                // 執(zhí)行失敗的方法
                onFailed(permissions);
            } else {
                // 執(zhí)行成功的方法
                onSucceed();
            }
        }

    }

    /**
     * 成功時回調(diào)方法
     */
    private void onSucceed() {
        if (mPermissionListener != null) {
            mPermissionListener.onSucceed();
        }

    }

    @RequiresApi(api = Build.VERSION_CODES.M)
    private void onFailed(String[] permissions) {
        for (int i = 0; i < permissions.length; i++) {
            // 用戶拒絕是true   用戶選擇不再提示是：false
            if (!shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(permissions[i])) {
                new AlertDialog.Builder(mActivity)
                        .setTitle("權(quán)限被拒絕")
                        .setMessage("權(quán)限管理-->打開拒絕的權(quán)限")
                        .setPositiveButton("去打開", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
                            @Override
                            public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
                                dialog.dismiss();
                                openSetting();
                            }
                        })
                        .setNegativeButton("取消", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
                            @Override
                            public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
                                dialog.dismiss();
                                mPermissionListener.onFiled();
                            }
                        })
                        .show();
                return;
            }
        }
        mPermissionListener.onFiled();
    }

    /**
     * 打開應(yīng)用設(shè)置頁面
     */
    private void openSetting() {
        Intent intent = new Intent(Settings.ACTION_APPLICATION_DETAILS_SETTINGS);
        Uri uri = Uri.fromParts("package", mActivity.getPackageName(), null);
        intent.setData(uri);
        startActivityForResult(intent, REQUEST_PERMISSION_SETTING);
    }

    @Override
    public void onDestroy() {
        // 銷毀對象衙荐，防止內(nèi)存泄漏
        mActivity = null;
        mPermissionListener = null;
        super.onDestroy();

    }
}

4.申請權(quán)限的幫助類

/**
 * Created by LiMing on 2018/4/25.
 * QQ：1002464056
 * Email: 1002464056@qq.com
 * Version：1.0
 */

public class XPermission {

    private Activity mActivity;
    private PermissionFragment mPermissionFragment;
    private static final String TAG = "XPermission";
    private String[] mPermissions;

    public XPermission(Activity activity) {
        this.mActivity = activity;
        mPermissionFragment = getPermissionFragment(activity);
    }

    private PermissionFragment getPermissionFragment(Activity activity) {
        //獲取權(quán)限的fragment
        PermissionFragment permissionFragment = findPermissionFragment(activity);
        boolean isNewInstance = (permissionFragment == null);
        if (isNewInstance) {
            permissionFragment = new PermissionFragment();
            FragmentManager fragmentManager = activity.getFragmentManager();
            fragmentManager.beginTransaction()
                    .add(permissionFragment, TAG)
                    .commitAllowingStateLoss();
            fragmentManager.executePendingTransactions();

        }
        return permissionFragment;
    }

    /**
     * 獲取權(quán)限fragment
     *
     * @param activity
     * @return
     */
    private PermissionFragment findPermissionFragment(Activity activity) {
        return (PermissionFragment) activity.getFragmentManager().findFragmentByTag(TAG);
    }

    /**
     * 要申請的權(quán)限組
     *
     * @param permissions
     * @return
     */
    public XPermission permissions(String... permissions) {
        mPermissions = permissions;
        return this;
    }

    /**
     * 申請權(quán)限
     *
     * @param permissionListener
     */
    @RequiresApi(api = Build.VERSION_CODES.M)
    public void request(PermissionListener permissionListener) {
        mPermissionFragment.setPermissionListener(permissionListener);
        // 1.判斷版本
        if (!PermissionUtils.isVersionCodeM()) {
            // 版本6.0一下捞挥，直接回調(diào)成功方法
            permissionListener.onSucceed();
            return;
        }
        // 版本6.0及以上
        // 2.獲取未授權(quán)的列表
        List<String> deniedList = PermissionUtils.getDeniedList(mActivity, mPermissions);
        if (deniedList.size() > 0) {
            // 3.去申請權(quán)限
            mPermissionFragment.requestPermissions(mActivity, deniedList.toArray(new String[deniedList.size()]));
        } else {
            permissionListener.onSucceed();
        }


    }

}

5.在MainActivity中調(diào)用

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    @RequiresApi(api = Build.VERSION_CODES.M)
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        
    }
    //點(diǎn)擊事件
    @RequiresApi(api = Build.VERSION_CODES.M)
    public void click(View view) {
        new XPermission(this)
                .permissions(Manifest.permission.CAMERA)
                .request(new PermissionListener() {
                    @Override
                    public void onSucceed() {
                        // TODO
                        Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"授權(quán)成功",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                    }
                    @Override
                    public void onFiled() {
                        Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"授權(quán)失敗",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                    }
                });
    }
}

簡單的封裝基本可以滿足使用，代碼易懂忧吟，有特殊需求完全可以去二次封裝砌函，附上鏈接地址https://github.com/CatEatFishs/XPermission/tree/v1.0
感謝@劉付文 的博客