TEXT A: Secrets of Straight-A Students

Structure

structure

Good Expressions in each paragraph

(Para. 1)

conduct major studies

super-achieving students

top grades

According to him

it is far more important

(Para. 2)

attain academic excellence

master a few basic principles

how to set their priorities right

Study time is never compromised for phone calls

In other words

place above recreation

In addition

make a point of

he works out every day

a matter of personal preference

as soon as

fresh in their minds

a mainfactor

Good Usage(Para. 3)

For example

be actively involved in

keep his things in their proper places

file the days notes availablefor review

improve ones memory orretention ability

lead to a full understanding of

the author’s message

(Para.4)

schedule their time

pace each assignment or project according to their daily timetable

be overwhelmed by the tasks at hand

set timetables

prevent them from procrastinating

waste time whispering to friends

get ready to rush out of theclass

jot down a two- or three-sentence summary

scan the notes

refresh her memory

(Para.5)

winning formula

lie in a students ability to hand in neat work

turn in neat work

on the way to scoring an A

In the classroom context

to speak up

to clarify any doubts

demonstrate a student sintellectual curiosity

concisely puts it

Better grades come from better understanding.

(Para.6)

try different approaches

explain their solutions to one another

labour on their own

frame tentative test questions

devise possible test questions

(Para.7)

In the student’s words

The more you practise, the more you learn.

Last but not least

lie in the crucial contribution by parents

set high standards

took pains to explain

Words and phrases that you should be familiar with:

conduct, reveal, attain, perform, involve, file, advocate, schedule, overwhelm, promote, clarify, demonstrate, approach, confirm, devise, employ, assign, undertake, pressure, motivate.

make the most of, begin with, in addition, make a point of , at hand, take down, base on,? ? ? ? ? lie in, refresh one's memory, on the way to, speak up, on one's own, take pains to do

Key Words and Expressions for TextA

1conductvt.

carry out or direct; go with and guide or lead進(jìn)行音羞；實(shí)施；經(jīng)營；處理；陪伴兄淫；引導(dǎo)减余，帶領(lǐng)

e.g.1.These studies were?conducted?by four teamsthat coordinated their work.

2. We are conducting asurvey to find out what the customers think of our service.

我們在進(jìn)行一項(xiàng)調(diào)查以了解顧客對我們服務(wù)的看法驮履。

Collocations:

conduct a meeting主持會議

conduct an investigation進(jìn)行調(diào)查

2revealvt.

make known sth. that was

previously secret or unknown揭示惭蟋，透露；使（事實(shí)等）顯露出來

e.g.1. Details of the murderwere revealed by the local newspaper.

2. He didn’t wantto?reveal?his real feelings.

他不想露出他的真實(shí)情感逼泣。

Collocations:

reveal sth. to sb.向某人透露某事

reveal sb. to be顯示某人是

3make the most of

get the best advantage from最大限度利用

e.g.1.Jim studied hard in the training class; he wantedto make the most of his chance to learn.

2. The occasion only comesonce in five years, and they naturally make the most of it.

這個(gè)機(jī)會五年才有一次趴泌，他們當(dāng)然會充分利用。

4attainvt.

fmlgain or arrive at, esp. after long effort; reach〖正式〗（長期努力后）獲得拉庶，達(dá)到

e.g.1. He attainedfame through many years of hard work.

2. We need to identify thebest ways of attaining our goals.

我們需要確定達(dá)到我們目標(biāo)的最好方法嗜憔。

CF:attain, achieve & accomplish

這三個(gè)動(dòng)詞均有“達(dá)到、完成”之意氏仗。

attain指努力去達(dá)成或?qū)崿F(xiàn)目標(biāo)吉捶，常指事先沒有確信會成功而去追求的目標(biāo)。例如：

* She finally attained her ends.她終于達(dá)到了她的目的皆尔。

* Kacy attained the rank of deputy director.凱茜當(dāng)上副經(jīng)理了呐舔。

achieve指由于付出努力而理所當(dāng)然地實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)、獲得成功慷蠕。例如：

* He will never achieve his objectives if he does

not work harder.如果不加倍努力的話珊拼，他永遠(yuǎn)也實(shí)現(xiàn)不了他的目標(biāo)。

accomplish指完成規(guī)定的任務(wù)流炕。例如：

* He accomplished the building of the bookcase.他做完了一個(gè)書櫥澎现。

5to begin with

in the first place; firstly首先；第一點(diǎn)

e.g.1.I’m notgoing; to begin with, I haven’t a ticket, and secondly I don’t like the play.

2.To?begin?with, John is too young for that kind of job.

首先每辟，約翰做那種工作太年輕了昔头。

6in addition (to)

as well (as); besides除……之外；另外

e.g.1.In addition to giving a general introduction tocomputers, the course also provides practical experience.

2.In?addition?to my studies, I got involved?in?lots of otheractivities.

除了學(xué)習(xí)以外影兽，我參加了許多其他活動(dòng)。

7make a point of doing sth.

take particular care aboutsth.特別注意莱革，重視峻堰；總是要做（某事）

e.g.1.I alwaysmake a point of checking that all the windows are shut before I go out.

2. She makes a point ofkeeping all her shopping receipts.

她總是把所有的購物發(fā)票都留起來讹开。

8performvi.

do; carry out (a piece of work, duty, ceremony,

etc.), esp. according to a usual or established method; give, act, or show (a

play, a part in a play, a piece of music, tricks, etc.), esp. in the presence

of the public履行，實(shí)行捐名，完成旦万；表演

e.g. 1. John has beentraining very hard and he hopes he will perform better for the 100-metre dash.

2. Some computerscan?perform?over a billion computations a second.

有些計(jì)算機(jī)一秒鐘能完成超過十億次運(yùn)算。

CF:perform & conduct

這兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞均有“做镶蹋、在行動(dòng)中執(zhí)行任務(wù)”之意成艘。

perform指履行義務(wù)、職責(zé)或執(zhí)行命令贺归，所執(zhí)行的任務(wù)一般比較困難和復(fù)雜淆两。例如：

* He wouldn’t promise what he could not perform.他不會許下無法兌現(xiàn)的承諾。

conduct指揮拂酣、實(shí)現(xiàn)秋冰、進(jìn)行，詞義接近perform婶熬，但強(qiáng)調(diào)指導(dǎo)剑勾、領(lǐng)導(dǎo)或監(jiān)督。例如：

* The interview was conducted in English.面試用英語進(jìn)行赵颅。

9involvevt.

[(in, with)](of a situation or action) have as the people or things taking part [常與in或with連用]（情況虽另、行動(dòng)）使陷入，使卷入饺谬；牽涉捂刺，涉及

e.g.1.Fanny isactively involved in the drama association of our college.

2. I didn’t mean to getyou so much?involved?in?the matter.

我本不想讓你這么深地卷入這件事中來。

10file

1.vt.put (papers or letters) in a file把（文件商蕴、信件）匯存起來叠萍，把……存卷（歸檔），存檔

e.g.1) These notes should be carefully filed away for future reference.

2) Wefile these reports under country of origin.

我們按照原籍國家把這些報(bào)告歸檔保存绪商。

2.n.a box, folder, etc. for storing papers in anordered way, esp. in an office（辦公室內(nèi)的）文件匣（夾）

3.n.a line of people one behind the other縱列

4.vi.march in a file排成縱隊(duì)前進(jìn)

e.g.They filed slowly past the grave of their leader.他們排成一列緩緩地走過他們領(lǐng)袖的墳?zāi)埂?/p>

11advocatevt.

speak in favour of; support (an idea or plan), esp.

publicly擁護(hù)苛谷，提倡，主張

e.g.1. Thecommittee doesn’t advocate the use of violence.

2. Manypeople?advocate?building more hospitals.

許多人主張?jiān)鲈O(shè)醫(yī)院格郁。

12 schedule

1.vt.[(for)usu.pass.] plan for a certain future time[常與for連用]［一般用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)］排定腹殿；預(yù)定；把……安排在

e.g.1)The opening ceremony (開幕式) is scheduled to take place on the coming Thursday.

2) Heis?scheduled?to leave for London next Monday.

他預(yù)定下星期一動(dòng)身去倫敦例书。

2.n.a plannedlist or order of things to be done, dealth with, etc.預(yù)定要做事情的安排锣尉；計(jì)劃（表）；程序表决采；日程表

Collocations:

on schedule按照時(shí)間表自沧，準(zhǔn)時(shí)

ahead of / behind schedule提前/落后于時(shí)間表

be scheduled for June / Monday,

etc.安排在六月/周一等

be scheduled for release /

publication / completion, etc.計(jì)劃發(fā)布/出版/完成等

be scheduled to do sth.計(jì)劃做某事

13overwhelmvt.

[usu. passive]give too much of a thing to sb.[常用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)]使受不了，使不知所措

e.g.1.We were all overwhelmed by grief when we heard the

news that over 4000 people lost their lives during the earthquake.

2. I was quite overwhelmedby all the flowers and letters of support I received.

我收到的所有鮮花和支持信件使我激動(dòng)得不能自已。

14at hand

ratherfmlnear in timeor place〖較正式〗即將到來拇厢，在手邊爱谁，在近處

e.g.1. When she writes, she always keeps a dictionary

at hand so as to ensure that she uses every word correctly and appropriately.

2. Always have yourreference books near?at?hand.

要經(jīng)常把參考書擺在手邊。

15polishvt.

improve by practicing; make smooth, bright, and

shiny by continual rubbing（通過練習(xí)）改進(jìn)孝偎，改善访敌；擦亮

e.g.1. I’ll needto polish (up) my French if I’ m going to France for my holiday.

2. Please polish yourshoes with a brush.

請用刷子把你的鞋擦亮。

16take down

write sth. down in order to make a record of it記錄

e.g.1. Anything you say will be taken down, and may beused in evidence.

2. He asked his secretaryto take down every word he said.

他讓他的秘書記下他說的每一句話衣盾。

17refresh one’s memory

remind oneself / sb. of facts by referring to notes,

etc.（借助筆記等）使自己（某人）想起

e.g.1.In the middle of his speech he had to refresh his memoy by looking at his

notes.

2. I looked the word up inthe dictionary to refresh my memory of its exact meaning.

我在詞典里查了這個(gè)單詞寺旺，以便更清楚地記得它的確切意思。

18promotevt.

help the progress of (sth.); encourage or support提倡势决；促進(jìn)阻塑；助長

e.g.1.The organization works to promotefriendship between nations.

2. The Prime Minister’svisit will?promote?the cooperation between the two countries.

首相的訪問將促進(jìn)兩國間的合作。

19lie in

(of abstract things) exist in

the form of(sb. or sth.)在于

e.g.1.The problem lies in the fact that they do nothave a competent leader.

2. Ourstrengths?lie?in?problem solving.

我們的優(yōu)勢在于解決問題的能力徽龟。

20on the way to

about to obtain sth.; in the

course of becoming or doing sth.正在獲得叮姑；正在變成；正在做

e.g.1.I’m now out of hospital and well on the way to recovery.

2. A closed economy willnot put a country?on?the?way?to?prosperity.

閉關(guān)自守的經(jīng)濟(jì)不會使一個(gè)國家富起來据悔。

21speak up

give one’s opinion freely and

clearly暢所欲言传透，清楚地表明看法

e.g.1. You should never be frightened of speaking up your

beliefs under any circumstances.

2. If you thought thatwasn’t fair, why didn’t you?speak?up?

如果你認(rèn)為那不公平，為什么不說出來极颓？

22clarifyvt.

fmlmake clearer and easier to

understand, esp. by explaining and giving more details〖正式〗澄清朱盐，講清楚，闡明

e.g1.If you don’t understand, ask the speaker to clarifythe point.

2. I hope that what I saywill?clarify?the situation.

我希望我說的話能講清楚這一情況菠隆。

23demonstratevt.

prove or make clear (a fact), esp. by reasoning or providing examples;

show or describe clearly（以推理或舉例等）論證兵琳，證明，證實(shí)

e.g.1. Galileo

demonstrated that objects of different weights fall at the same speed.

2. Ourtroops?demonstrate?remarkable courage.

我們的隊(duì)伍表現(xiàn)出無比的勇敢骇径。

24approach

1.n.[ C (to)] a method of

doing sth. or dealing with a problem[常與to連用]方法躯肌；步驟

e.g.1) She took a wrong approach in solving the problem;

that was why she failed.

2) I’ve just read aninteresting book which has a new approach to Shakespeare.

我剛讀了一本有趣的書，它采用了一種新的方法來研讀莎士比亞破衔。

2.n.[C (to)] a way of getting in[常與to連用]通路清女，入口

e.g.All approaches to the town were blocked.通往該鎮(zhèn)的所有道路都被封鎖了。

3.n.[U (of)] the act of coming nearer and nearer[常與of連用]靠近晰筛；接近嫡丙；臨近

e.g.Our approach drove away the wild animals.我們一走近，野獸全都跑開了读第。

4.v.come near or nearer (to) in space, time, quality,

or quantity走近曙博；靠近，接近

e.g.The time is approaching when we will have to leave.我們要離開的時(shí)刻越來越近了怜瞒。

25onone’s own

without

help獨(dú)立地父泳，無援地

e.g.1. Although she is still rather weak after theoperation, she can now live on her own.

2. I can’t carryit?on?my?own; it’s too heavy.

我一人拿不動(dòng)，這東西太重了。

26base on

[usu.

pass.]use as grounds, evidence, etc. for

sth. else［一般用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)］以某事物為另一事物的根據(jù)﹑證據(jù)等

e.g. 1. He based his research results on his ownpractical experiences in the countryside.

2. I feel he’s doingsomething wrong, but I’ve got nothing to base it on.

我感到他做錯(cuò)了什么事尘吗，可我又沒有證據(jù)逝她。

27confirmvt.

give support or certainty to (a fact, belief, statement, etc.),e.g. by providing more proof or by stating that sth.thing is true or correct證實(shí)；進(jìn)一步確定

e.g. 1.It hasbeen confirmed that Barbara will play the principal part in the new movie.

2. I just wantto?confirm?that all the arrangements have been made.

我要確認(rèn)所有計(jì)劃都安排好了睬捶。

28devisevt.

plan or invent, esp. cleverly策劃；想出近刘；設(shè)計(jì)擒贸；發(fā)明

e.g.1. Long-term objectives must be devised if you wantto run your business successfully.

2. A vehiclewas?devised?a few years ago which permitted movement over difficultland and could fly for a short distance.

幾年前人們設(shè)計(jì)了一種交通工具，它能在難于行走的地面上行動(dòng)并能短距離飛行觉渴。

29employvt.

fmluse〖正式〗使用

e.g.1. The police had to employ force to enter the building.

2. We?employ?differenttechnical tools for the reception and evaluation of the heat energy.

我們使用不同的技術(shù)工具接收和測量熱能介劫。

30assignvt.

[(to)] give as a share or duty [常與to連用]分配；分派案淋，指派

e.g.1. He was assigned to work in a research centre in thearmy.

2. We’ve assignedChris to the advertising campaign.

我們已經(jīng)把廣告宣傳的工作布置給了克里斯座韵。

31undertakevt.

(undertook, undertaken)take up or accept (a

duty or piece of work, esp. one that is difficult or needs effort)承擔(dān)，接受（責(zé)任踢京、艱苦的工作等）

e.g.1. She undertook responsibility for the failure in our marketingproject.

2. Ifyou?undertake?the project, you are bound to encounter difficulties.

如果你承接這項(xiàng)工程的話誉碴，免不了會遇到許多困難。

Collocations:

undertake a task承擔(dān)一項(xiàng)任務(wù)

undertake to do sth.承擔(dān)做某事的任務(wù)

32pressurevt. & n.

(try to) make (sb.) do sth. by using strong or

unfair influence; forceful influence; strong persuasion對……施加壓力瓣距；壓力

e.g.1. Weshouldn’t be pressured into making hasty decision; instead, we must take allthings into consideration.

2. The chairpersonaccepted our proposal under?pressure.

主席在壓力下接受了我們的提議黔帕。

Collocations:

pressure sb. into doing sth.迫使某人做某事

pressure sb. to do sth.迫使某人做某事

33take pains to do sth.

take great care or make a careful effort to do sth.煞費(fèi)苦心（做）；（為……）費(fèi)盡心機(jī)

e.g.1.He took great pains to learn Spanish because hewanted to travel in South America.

2. Do you think itworthwhile?to?take?such?pains?to?do this job?

你這么費(fèi)心做這事蹈丸，你覺得值得嗎成黄？

34motivatevt.

provide (sb.) with a (strong) reason for doing sth.激發(fā)，激勵(lì)逻杖，使……產(chǎn)生動(dòng)機(jī)

e.g.1. The new plan is devised to motivate employees towork more efficiently.

2. Every managermust?motivate?and encourage his employees.

每個(gè)管理者都必須激勵(lì)和鼓勵(lì)他的雇員奋岁。

TEXT B: College Pressures

Key Words and Expressions in Text B

economic?a.[no comp.]connectedto trade, industry, and the

management of money; of economics［無比較級］經(jīng)濟(jì)（上）的；經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的

e.g.What has gone wrong with the economic systemduring the last ten years?

The country has been in a very poor economic stateever since the decline of its two major industries.

peer?n.fml or techa person of the same age,class, position, etc., as oneself〖正式或術(shù)語〗同輩荸百，等級闻伶、地位等相同的人；同齡人

e.g.Children are worried about failing in front oftheir peers.

These children scored significantly lower onintelligence tests than others in their peer group.

self-induced?a.brought

on by oneself or itself自身引起的

e.g.Most of the troubles he is now faced with areself-induced.

charge1).vt.[(for)]ask in payment [常與for連用]要價(jià)管搪；（向……）收費(fèi)虾攻；索取（金額）

e.g.Icould not believe that the restaurant charged us 500 yuan for such a simpledinner.

The local museum doesn’t charge for admission.

2).v.rush (as if) in an attack（向……）進(jìn)攻更鲁，沖鋒霎箍；沖向

e.g. The children charged into the playground.

3).vt.bring an esp. criminal charge against; accuse控告；指控

e.g. He was charged with the robbery.

4).vt.fmlinstruct or command; give

as a duty or responsibility〖正式〗指示澡为；命令漂坏；使負(fù)責(zé)

e.g. She charged me to look after her son.

5).v.(cause to) take in and store

electricity（使）充電

e.g. If the red light comes on, it means thebattery is charging.

victim?n.[(of)]a person, animal, or thing that suffers pain, death, harm, destruction, etc.,as a result of other people’s actions, or of illness, bad luck, etc.[常與of連用]犧牲者，受害者

e.g.The children are the innocentvictims of the fighting.

There is nodoubt that he looked upon himself as thevictimof injustice.

Collocations:

aninnocent victim of……的無辜受害者

anaccident / earthquake victim事故/地震受害者

fallvictim to受……之害

economy?n.[C] the system by which a country’s wealth isproduced and used經(jīng)濟(jì)體制，經(jīng)濟(jì)情況

e.g.Tourism contributes millions ofpounds to the country’s economy.

An atmosphere of pessimism pervades theeconomy.

Collocations:

a collective / free-market economy集體/自由市場經(jīng)濟(jì)

a national / planned economy國民/計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)

tuition?n.esp.

AmEthe price of or payment for instruction〖尤美〗學(xué)費(fèi)

e.g.Few can afford the tuition of$12,000 a term.

My uncle will pay mytuitionand also provide for my living expenses.

fee?n.a sum of money paid for professional servicesto a doctor, lawyer, private school, etc.（付給醫(yī)生顶别、律師等的）專業(yè)服務(wù)費(fèi)谷徙；（私立學(xué)校的）學(xué)費(fèi)

e.g.The doctor’s?fee?wasfifty dollars for a complete physical examination.

I thought the accountant’sfeerather high.

sum?n.[C (of)] an amount (of money); the totalproduced when numbers, amounts, etc., are added together[常與of連用]金額；和驯绎；總數(shù)完慧，總和

e.g.Ihad to spend a large sum of money to get my car repaired because I didn’t haveinsurance.

Huge sums of money are spent on national defense.

accumulate?vt.make or become greater in quantity or size, esp.over a long period; collect or grow into a mass積累，積聚

e.g.I have accumulated a lot ofthings over the last four years.

As people accumulate more wealth, they tend to spend agreater proportion of their incomes.

loan?n.sth. which is lent, esp. money借出之物剩失，借（貸）款

e.g.We took out a loan with lowinterest to expand the business.

She’s trying to get a $50,000 loan to start her own business.

Collocations?:

raise a loan籌借一筆貸款

make a loan to貸款給……

get / receive a loan得到/獲得貸款

pay off / repay a loan清償借款

financial?a.connected with money and finance財(cái)政的屈尼；金融的

e.g.The City of London is agreat financial centre of the world.

We suffered huge losses inthe?financial?crisis.

tough?a.difficult to do or deal with; not easy; needing effort難對付的，困難的拴孤，費(fèi)力的

e.g.The company faces tough competition.

It’s one of the best colleges and it’s very tough toget into.

determination?n.[U] the ability to make firm decisions and act in

accordance with them; strong will to succeed決斷力脾歧；決心；決意演熟，決定

e.g.She is a woman of greatdetermination who always tries to get what she wants.

They’re pursuing their aims with great determination.

lab?n.infmllaboratory〖非正式〗試驗(yàn)室

e.g.Lab tests suggest that the newdrug may be used to treat cancer.

I don’t know the names of the objects in thislab.

dentist?n.a person who has been professionally trainedto treat the teeth牙科醫(yī)生

e.g.You should have your teethchecked by a dentist at least twice a year.

I must make an appointment with thedentist.

web?n.a net of thin threads made esp. by spiders tocatch insects（尤指蜘蛛的）網(wǎng)

e.g.We watched a spider spin a webbetween three tall grass stems.

He had created a spider’swebof communications.

steer?vt.make (esp. a boat or road vehicle)go in a particular direction駕駛（車鞭执、船）朝……走；操縱（車芒粹、船的方向盤）

e.g.He steered the boat carefully between therocks.

Our garage door isn’t very wide and it’s quitedifficult to steer the car through it.

securea.[(from,against)] safe; protected againstdanger or risk; closed, firm, or tight enough for safety[常與from或against連用]安全的兄纺；沒有危險(xiǎn)的，受保護(hù)的是辕；緊閉的囤热；牢固的，可靠的

e.g.Since I’m a college student now, my parentsare able to feel secure about my future.

Car manufacturers ought to produce vehicles which aremore secure against theft.

classics?n.the languages, literature, and history of

ancient Greece and Rome古希臘和古羅馬的語言获三，文學(xué)及歷史旁蔼；（大學(xué)）古典學(xué)課程

e.g.Students could choose betweenstudying a second foreign language or classics.

practical?a.connectedwith action, practice, or actual conditions and results, rather than with ideas實(shí)踐的，實(shí)際的

e.g.You should find a more practical method of getting the job done.

What’s the use of theoretical knowledge that has nopractical application?

faculty?n.[(of)] a natural power of the mind or body;an ability or skill[常與of連用]天賦疙教，才能棺聊，能力

e.g.She has a faculty for inspiringconfidence in people.

Each man is free to exercise his specialfacultyto the utmost.

creative?a.apprecproducing new and original ideas and things?;

imaginative and inventive〖褒〗創(chuàng)造（性）的；有創(chuàng)造力的

e.g.I like to do things ina?creative?way which is different from everyone else.

He has shown acreativegenius since young.

specific?a.particular;

fixed, determined, or named具體的贞谓，特有的限佩，特定的

e.g.The money was collected

for a specific purpose.

Can you citeany?specific?evidence in support of your opinion?

profession?n.a form of employment, esp. one that ispossible only for an educated person and after training (such as law, medicine,or teaching) and that is respected in society as honourable（尤指受過教育和專門訓(xùn)練的法律、醫(yī)學(xué)裸弦、教育等腦力勞動(dòng)方面的）專業(yè)祟同，職業(yè)

e.g.She decided on law as herultimate profession.

He left the teaching profession in 1995 to set up hisown business.

CF?: profession,occupation, trade, vocation, business

這些名詞都可表示“職業(yè)”。

?profession常指受過相當(dāng)高的教育才能達(dá)到的職業(yè)位置理疙，而且指涉及人們創(chuàng)造性的腦力勞動(dòng)晕城，而不是體力勞動(dòng)的職業(yè)。例如：She intends to make teaching her profession.

?occupation指某人通常賴以謀生的并訓(xùn)練有素的工作職位窖贤，不一定指某人眼前正在干的工作砖顷。例如：By occupation, the unemployed is a teacher.

?trade指一項(xiàng)謀生的方式贰锁，從手藝性職業(yè)，技藝勞動(dòng)滤蝠，到低微的仆役工作豌熄。例如：He is learning the carpenter’s trade.

?vocation指人們愿意選擇來長期從事工作的領(lǐng)域，它不一定是他們謀生的手段物咳。例如：He chose painting as his vocation and earned his living by working as awaiter.

?business指人們?yōu)榱俗分鹄麧櫠鴱氖碌穆殬I(yè)锣险，如商業(yè)、貿(mào)易览闰、銀行業(yè)等囱持。例如：His business is foreign trade.

severea.causing serious harm, pain, worry, ordiscomfort; not kind or gentle in treatment; not allowing failure or change inrules, standards, etc.嚴(yán)重的；劇烈的焕济；嚴(yán)厲的；嚴(yán)格的盔几；嚴(yán)肅的晴弃；苛刻的

e.g. Doctors say that his head injuries are severe and an operation must beperformed immediately.

Lesley has beenunder severe pressure recently.

truly?ad.really; exactly; in accordancewith the truth真正地；確實(shí)地逊拍，準(zhǔn)確地上鞠，嚴(yán)格地

e.g.Mushrooms aren’t trulyvegetables, but many people think they are.

I amtrulygrateful for all your help.

obligated?a.morallyorlegallybound;constrained（感到）有責(zé)任的究抓，有義務(wù)的

e.g.Parents are?obligated?tosupport their children.

A witness in court isobligatedto tell the truth.

fulfill?vt.BrEcarry out (an order,conditions, etc.); obey〖英〗履行（條件等）呀潭；執(zhí)行拧烦；遵守（命令等）

e.g.The

conditions of the contract must be fulfilled exactly.

He has sacked his finance minister for“having failed to fulfill his job obligations”.

expectation?n.the act of expecting or sth. that is expected預(yù)期闷愤；預(yù)期的事物

e.g.We thought Mary would pass the test, but against expectation, shedidn’t.

Now that our two groups have merged we can all havegreat expectations for the future.

Collocations:

come up to / live up to / meet expectation不負(fù)所望

fall short of expectation辜負(fù)期望

great / high expectation厚望

beyond expectation出乎意料地

dean?n.(insome universities)a person in charge of a division of study or in charge of studies and their

behaviour（某些大學(xué)的）學(xué)院院長嘲玫；系主任臣嚣；訓(xùn)導(dǎo)長栅表，學(xué)監(jiān)

e.g.The Dean will be taking allfreshmen on a tour of the department this afternoon.

He has obtained the consent of thedeanfor going abroad.

dawn?n.thetime of day when light first appears; the first appearance of light in the skybefore the sun rises黎明卷谈，拂曉

e.g.I’ve never seen a dawn asbeautiful as the one this morning.

Whendawncame, his bed lamp was still burning.

tension?n.(a feeling of) nervous anxiety, worry, orpressure; an anxious, untrusting, and perhaps dangerous condition in therelationship between people, countries, etc.緊張骗露，焦慮岭佳，焦急（的心情）；（人與人萧锉，國家與國家等之間的）緊張關(guān)系珊随，緊張局勢

e.g.You could feel the tension inthe room as we waited for our exam results.

The incident has further increased thetensionbetween the two countries.

approach?vi.come near or nearer in time臨近

e.g.New Year’s Day is

approaching and we are planning a fancy-dress ball (化妝舞會).

Lunchtime is approaching, so let’s take a break now.

due?a.(esp.

showing arrangements made in advance) expected or supposed (to happen, arrive,

etc.)約定的；預(yù)期的柿隙，該發(fā)生的叶洞；應(yīng)到達(dá)的

e.g.The next train is due in twenty minutes.

The next meeting is due to be held in three months’time.

oversleep?vi.sleepbeyond the intended time for getting up睡得過久，睡過了頭

e.g.John

was late for work again because he overslept.

I missed the train this morning because I oversleptagain.

multiply?vt.greatly increase in number or amount; combine by

multiplication（使）大大增加禀崖；乘衩辟，使相乘

e.g.Cigarettesmoking multiplies the risk of cancer.

He said that combining the two field armies would?multiply?theirstrength not just by two but several times over.

deliberately?ad.done in away that is intended or planned故意地；深思熟慮地帆焕；盤算周到地

e.g.She deliberatelyignored me when I passed her in the street.

I’m sure he says these things deliberately to annoyme.

perceive?vt.[not

in progressive forms]fml(come to) have knowledge of (sth.)through one of the senses (esp. the sight) through the mind; become consciousof or understand［不用進(jìn)行式］〖正式〗察覺惭婿，發(fā)覺不恭；意識到；領(lǐng)悟财饥，理解

e.g.He perceived a subtle change in her manner as they were having dinnertogether.

I perceived a note of unhappiness in his voice.

psychologically?ad.as regards mental health and well-being心理上换吧；用心理學(xué)方法；精神上

e.g.Boys mature more slowly thangirls both physically and?psychologically.

I waspsychologicallyunprepared for her refusal.

ultimately?ad.finally, after

everything else has been done or considered最后地钥星，終極地

e.g.A poor dietwill ultimately lead to illness.

Everything willultimately depend on what is said at the meeting with the directors next week.

trap?vt.place or hold

firmly with no possibility of escape困住沾瓦，關(guān)住谦炒；使陷于絕境

e.g.Linda was trapped in an unhappy marriage.

The two men died when they were trapped in a burningbuilding.

unique?a.[no comp.]being the only one of its type; unusual; greater or esp. better than any

other［無比較級］唯一的贯莺，獨(dú)一無二的；獨(dú)特的宁改，罕見的缕探，不平常的

e.g.None of these social problems is unique to this country.

Each person’s genetic code is unique except in the

case of identical twins.

work on?exerciseinfluence on對……施加影響；起作用于

e.g.Thismedicine will?work?on?the?affected part.

Don’t worry. He might accept our suggestion if someoneworks on him properly.

come to[no pass.]to arrive at a

particular state or position［無被動(dòng)語態(tài)］達(dá)到（某種狀態(tài)还蹲、狀況）爹耗；結(jié)果是

e.g.It hascome to my notice that the money is missing.

After many years, his planshave?come?to?fulfillment.

major in?study as thechief subject(s) when doing a university degree（在大學(xué)）主修

e.g.He majorsin English, whereas his sister majors in medicine.

She majored in philosophy at Harvard.

pay off?(of a plan or an action,

especially one that involves risk) tobe

successful and bring good results取得成果，得到好結(jié)果

e.g.Did yourplan pay off finally?

It’ll be interesting to see if the investment paysoff.

after all?in spite of everything畢竟谜喊，終究

e.g.Of courseI admire her — after all, she is a great politician.

Don’t blame on him,?after?all, he is a greenhand.

under?pressure?in a condition of being forced or hurried; in or into a condition ofbeing persuaded or influenced forcibly; not in one’s own will在壓力下潭兽；在強(qiáng)制下；被迫

e.g.He’s feltunder pressure since his wife had the operation.

Many students are?under?pressure?tokeep up with their schoolwork.

put together?form by combining parts or members組成

e.g.I think wecan put together a very strong team for the open debate.

In only a hundred days, Henry andI?put?together?a brand-new car.

point out?draw attention to the fact; show who or what(a particular person or thing) is, esp. by pointing指出斗遏，指明山卦；把……指出來（給……看）

e.g.I wouldlike to point out that if we don’t leave now we shall miss the bus.

The salesman pointed out all the new features of thehi-fi.

Zooming In : An Integrated English Course, Book 1, Text A, 2014, Shanghai Foreign language Education Press