中考英語語法之句子的種類及經(jīng)典例題分析
2016-11-17 中考英語朱老師
英語中句子種類雖然看似簡單,但非常重要。現(xiàn)整理給大家,有需要的同學(xué)可以收藏鹉究,也歡迎大家轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)給更多需要的朋友!
(一)句子種類概述
句子按用途可分為陳述句踪宠、疑問句自赔、祈使句和感嘆句。
(二)基礎(chǔ)知識梳理
1.陳述句
陳述句用來說明事實或表示說話人的看法柳琢。
1)陳述句的肯定形式匿级。如:
We are students.
We must obey the traffic rules.
We clean the room every day.
2)陳述句的否定形式
把陳述句改為否定句可以歸納為以下三種情況:
(1)在be,have染厅,will,shall(包括情態(tài)動詞)后直接加not津函。如:
We aren't students.
You needn't hand in your homework today.
(2)在助動詞do肖粮,does,或did后加not尔苦,再把它們放在行為動詞前面涩馆,而行為動詞用原形。如:
We don't clean the room every day.
(3)否定句可由其他形式表示允坚。如句中出現(xiàn)no魂那,nobody,few稠项,little涯雅,neither,hardly展运,nor活逆,never等。如:
There are no books on the desk.
I can hardly answer your question.
Neither of the twins is a doctor.
2.疑問句
疑問句就是提出問題拗胜,讓對方作出回答蔗候。英語中有四種疑問句,即一般疑問句埂软、特殊疑問句锈遥、選擇疑問句、反意疑問句。
1)一般疑問句
用于詢問一個事實是否屬實所灸,其回答通常是Yes或No丽惶。其結(jié)構(gòu)為:
be,will庆寺,have蚊夫,助動詞+主語+(主動詞)/賓語
如:Is she a university teacher?
Will it be windy tomorrow?
Did he take part in the maths contest yesterday?
2)特殊疑問句
特殊疑問句對句中某一特定部分提問,以特殊疑問詞開頭根據(jù)實際情況懦尝,不必用Yes或No回答知纷。常見的特殊疑問詞有what,who陵霉,whom琅轧,when,what踊挠,time乍桂,where,why效床,which睹酌,whose,how old剩檀,how many+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)憋沿,how much+不可數(shù)名詞,how long沪猴,how far辐啄,how fast,how soon等运嗜。其結(jié)構(gòu)為:
疑問句+一般疑問句語句
如:Who has lunch fastest at school in our class?
What are you doing now?
How long have you lived here?
3)選擇疑問句
選擇疑問句通常提供兩種或兩種以上情況壶辜,詢問對方選擇哪一種〉W猓回答時選擇一種砸民,不必用Yes或No。
一般疑問句+A or B
如:Is there any coffee or water in the cup?
Do you often play basketball or play the piano?
特殊疑問句翩活,A or B阱洪? 或A,B or C菠镇?
如:Which is the biggest, the moon, the earth or the sun?
Which do you like better, the record or the ball?
4)反意疑問句
由兩部分組成冗荸,前半句為陳述句,后半句是一個附著在前半句上的簡短問句利耍,回答時用Yes或No蚌本。它的構(gòu)成和回答主要如下:
(1)肯定陳述句+否定附加疑問部分盔粹?
如:They are interested in collecting stamps, aren't they?
一Yes,they are. 是的程癌,他們對集郵感興趣的舷嗡。
一No,they aren't. 不嵌莉,他們對集郵不感興趣的进萄。
(2)否定陳述句+肯定附加疑問部分?
如:Tom didn't pass the exam, did he?
一Yes锐峭,he did. 不中鼠,他通過考試。
一No沿癞,he didn't. 9是援雇,他沒通過。
3.祈使句
祈使句表示請求椎扬、命令惫搏、叮囑、邀請蚕涤、勸告等筐赔。
1)祈使句的肯定結(jié)構(gòu)
如:Come in,please.
Let me have a try.
Let's go to the cinema together.
2)祈使句的否定結(jié)構(gòu)是在動詞前面加上don't揖铜,
如: Don't be late for school.
Don't walk on the grass.
4.感嘆句
1) 感嘆句表達(dá)說話人說話時的驚異川陆、喜悅、氣憤等情緒蛮位。它常由what或how開頭或引導(dǎo)。
感嘆詞What+強(qiáng)調(diào)部分(名詞)+主語+動詞謂語
如:What a mess picture it is!
What an exciting film we saw yesterday!
2) 感嘆詞How+強(qiáng)調(diào)部分(形容詞或副詞)+主語+動詞謂語
如:How wonderful the film is!
(三)經(jīng)典例題解析
1. My mother has sports on Friday afternoon.改成否定句
2. There are some books and computers on the desks.改成否定句
3.He's seldom late for school__________?
A. hasn't he B.isn't he C.has he D.is he
4. Let's take a walk outside,_______?
A. don't we B.will you C.shall we D.have we
5.I don't think he has to go,_________?
A. do I B.has he C.hasn't he D.does he
6. ____________do you prefer, rice or noodles?
A. What B.Which C.How D.When
7. Mrs Black came to China in 1980.
Mrs Black has been in China since 1980.
8._________important news is to everybody in a modem city!
A. What B.How C.What an D.How an
9. A:____is it from our school to the museum?
B:About 20 minutes' walk.
A. How long B.How fast C.How far D.How soon
10. A:____does Peter weigh now?
B:44 kilos.
A. How heavy B,How C.How much D.What
參考答案
1.My other doesn't have sports on Friday afternoon.
【解析】 這類句子中的has并不是表示“有”的意思鳞绕,而是“have sports”這個詞組中的行為動詞失仁,表示“進(jìn)行體育活動”的意思。所以在改成否定句時们何,應(yīng)加助動詞does來進(jìn)行否定萄焦。需要注意的是,在用了助動詞之后冤竹,行為動詞就必須用原形拂封。
2.There aren't any books or computers on the desks.
或:There are no books or computers on the desks.
There are no books and no computers on the desks.
【解析】 在把上述這類肯定句改成否定句時,同學(xué)們能夠把some改成any鹦蠕,但往往會忘記把a(bǔ)nd改成or冒签。
3. 【解析】 此句答案為D。在反意疑問句中要注意前半句用肯定钟病,反意疑問句則用否定形式萧恕,前半句為否定刚梭,反意疑問句要用肯定形式。此句中seldom表示否定"很少”票唆,這樣看來 A朴读、B答案不正確。而由于be late for是習(xí)慣用語走趋,所以選D衅金。另外,表示否定的此類副詞還有l(wèi)ittle簿煌,few氮唯,never,hardly等啦吧。
4. 【解析】答案選C您觉。祈使句的反意疑問句,一般都用will you授滓,只有Let's開頭的句子才用shall we琳水。如:
Open the door please, will you?
Don't open the door, will you?
Let us discuss it,will you?
Let's discuss it,shall we?
5.【解析】 答案選D。在主句I think( believe)...+賓語從句的反意疑問句時般堆,后半句疑問部分中的動詞和主語應(yīng)該和賓語從句中的動詞和主語保持一致在孝,如果主句肯定,反意部分用否定淮摔。如果主句否定私沮,反意部分則用肯定。而此句的從句為has to結(jié)構(gòu)和橙,它的否定是助動詞does結(jié)構(gòu)仔燕,所以選D。
6.【解析】答案選B魔招。從本句的意思來看晰搀,它表達(dá)的是你喜歡什么或哪一個,C或D顯然不成立办斑,而問句中有兩項選擇范圍外恕,因此應(yīng)該選B。
7.【解析】 這兩句句子放在一起作為劃線提問有一定的針對性乡翅。第一句表達(dá)過去某時間布萊克先生來中國鳞疲,因此提問詞應(yīng)用When。而第二句表達(dá)自1980年到現(xiàn)在為止蠕蚜,布萊克先生一直呆在中國尚洽,其側(cè)重點(diǎn)在于很長時間了,因此提問詞應(yīng)用How long靶累。
8.【解析】答案選B翎朱。在做感嘆句練習(xí)時橄维,一定要注意找準(zhǔn)感嘆部分的中心詞。這個中心詞常常是在句子主語之前拴曲。此句的謂語是is争舞,而主語是news,那么important就是強(qiáng)調(diào)的中心詞澈灼,因此只能用How竞川。其實這個句子真正的表達(dá)是:
News is very important to everybody in a modem city.
9.【解析】答案選C。這道題問的是學(xué)校到博物館之間的距離有多遠(yuǎn)叁熔,所以選C委乌。how long表達(dá)多長。How fast表達(dá)速度多快荣回。How soon表達(dá)時間多久遭贸,多用于將來時態(tài)。
10.【解析】 答案選C心软。在表達(dá)人或物有多重時有如下三種方式:(1) How much does it weigh? (2) How heavy is it? (3) What's the weight of it?因此本題選C壕吹。
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