導(dǎo)讀：

這是一片苦難的土地！

干旱灼燒著它的肌膚薯酝，

戰(zhàn)火摧殘著它的容顏半沽，

饑餓啃食著它的骨頭。

罪惡的人吴菠，在這片土地肆意掠奪者填，

逃難的人，在這片土地痛苦絕望做葵。

非洲占哟，世界第二大洲，是世界古人類和古文明的發(fā)源地之一蜂挪，同時(shí)也是人口第二大洲（約12億）重挑。提及非洲，我們首先想到的卻是貧窮棠涮、落后、戰(zhàn)亂與疾病刺覆。由于長(zhǎng)期種族沖突严肪、熱帶疾病叢生、工業(yè)化引發(fā)的環(huán)境破壞，西方的殖民驳糯，獨(dú)立后的腐敗政權(quán)篇梭，使非洲成為發(fā)展中國(guó)家最集中的大陸，世界經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平最低的一個(gè)洲酝枢，全非洲一年的貿(mào)易總額僅占全世界的百分之一恬偷。隨著全球化的發(fā)展，非洲也越來(lái)越多地融入到全球經(jīng)濟(jì)中帘睦，非洲的人口紅利與經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)潛力也受到了發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的關(guān)注袍患，在新的一輪非洲爭(zhēng)奪戰(zhàn)中，表現(xiàn)出了哪些與以往不同的特征呢竣付？為什么說(shuō)這可能是非洲面臨的大機(jī)遇呢诡延？

本文選自2019年3月7日《經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人》Leaders欄目，文章標(biāo)題是“The new scramble for Africa.?This time, the winners could be Africans themselves”.Leaders是《經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人》比較經(jīng)典的欄目古胆，這個(gè)欄目的文章會(huì)針對(duì)某一個(gè)主題進(jìn)行深入的分析肆良，經(jīng)常有其獨(dú)到的洞見(jiàn)。我們一起欣賞一下這篇邏輯嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)腖eaders社論文章逸绎。

外刊原文

The first?great surge of foreign interest in Africa, dubbed the “scramble(爭(zhēng)奪)”, was when 19th-century European colonists carved up the continent and seized Africans’ land. The second was during the cold war, when East and West vied for the allegiance of newly independent African states; the Soviet Union backed Marxist tyrants while America propped up despots who claimed to believe in capitalism. A third surge, now under way, is more benign. Outsiders have noticed that the continent is important and becoming more so, not least because of its growing share of the global population (by 2025 the?UN?predicts that there will be more Africans than Chinese people). Governments and businesses from all around the world are rushing to strengthen diplomatic, strategic and commercial ties. This creates vast opportunities. If Africa handles the new scramble wisely, the main winners will be Africans themselves.

The extent of foreign engagement is unprecedented. Start with diplomacy. From 2010 to 2016 more than 320 embassies were opened in Africa, probably the biggest embassy-building boom anywhere, ever. Turkey alone opened 26. Last year India announced it would open 18. Military ties are deepening, too. America and France are lending muscle and technology to the struggle against jihadism(圣戰(zhàn)運(yùn)動(dòng))?in the Sahel. China is now the biggest arms seller to sub-Saharan Africa and has defence-technology ties with 45 countries. Russia has signed 19 military deals with African states since 2014. Oil-rich Arab states are building bases on the Horn of Africa and hiring African mercenaries(雇傭兵).

Commercial ties are being upended. As recently as 2006 Africa’s three biggest trading partners were America, China and France, in that order. By 2018 it was China first, India second and America third (France was seventh). Over the same period Africa’s trade has more than trebled with Turkey and Indonesia, and more than quadrupled with Russia. Trade with the European Union has grown by a more modest 41%. The biggest sources of foreign direct investment are still firms from America, Britain and France, but Chinese ones, including state-backed outfits, are catching up, and investors from India and Singapore are eager to join the fray.

精讀講解

The first?great?surge?of foreign interest in Africa,?dubbed?the “scramble”, was when 19th-century European?colonists?carved up?the continent and?seized?Africans’ land. The second was during the cold war, when East and West?vied for?the?allegiance?of newly independent African states; the Soviet Union?backedMarxist?tyrants?while America?propped up?despots?who claimed to?believe in capitalism. A third surge, now under way, is more?benign.

中譯：（歷史上）非洲第一次引起外國(guó)的強(qiáng)烈興趣惹恃，被稱之為“爭(zhēng)奪”的，是在19世紀(jì)棺牧，那時(shí)歐洲殖民者瓜分了非洲大陸巫糙，掠奪了非洲人的土地。第二次是在冷戰(zhàn)期間陨帆，當(dāng)時(shí)東西方爭(zhēng)奪新獨(dú)立的非洲國(guó)家的效忠曲秉；蘇聯(lián)支持馬克思主義暴君，而美國(guó)支持自稱信奉資本主義的獨(dú)裁者疲牵。目前正在進(jìn)行的第三波爭(zhēng)奪浪潮承二，則溫和得多。

本文的標(biāo)題是“The new scramble for Africa”纲爸，講的主題是在非洲的“新的”爭(zhēng)奪亥鸠，何為“新”，作者在第一段的前半部分回顧了非洲歷史上的兩次“舊”的爭(zhēng)奪浪潮识啦，運(yùn)用的是對(duì)比的方法负蚊。

surge/s?d?/? ?n. 洶涌；波濤颓哮；激增? v. 洶涌家妆；波濤；激增

【寫(xiě)作積累】surge這個(gè)單詞是一個(gè)四六級(jí)冕茅、考研的大綱詞匯伤极，可能很多朋友都知道這個(gè)單詞的意思蛹找，但在寫(xiě)作中卻不一定能熟練運(yùn)用這個(gè)單詞。surge來(lái)自于拉丁語(yǔ)“surgere”哨坪，本義是“上升庸疾，升起”，引申詞義“涌動(dòng)当编，浪涌”届慈，比喻義“激增，飛漲”忿偷。在表達(dá)“增長(zhǎng)”的時(shí)候金顿，我們除了使用“increase”、“rise”等這些常見(jiàn)詞匯外牵舱，在特定場(chǎng)合下不妨使用一下“surge”這個(gè)單詞串绩。

例句：

①Oil was the main cause of the price surge. 石油是物價(jià)上漲的主要原因。

②As China’s economy surges, China's voice in the world is becoming bigger and bigger. 隨著中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展芜壁，中國(guó)在世界上的話語(yǔ)權(quán)也越來(lái)越大礁凡。

dubbedv. 授予…稱號(hào)；被稱為 （dub的過(guò)去分詞）

scramble/'skr?mbl/? n. 搶奪慧妄，爭(zhēng)奪

colonist?/'kɑl?n?st/? n. 殖民者 (colony：殖民地)

carve upv. 瓜分顷牌；劃分

seize/siz/? ?v. 抓住塞淹；奪瓤呃丁；搶占

vie for??爭(zhēng)奪饱普；競(jìng)爭(zhēng)?? vie?/va?/? vi. 爭(zhēng)运挫；競(jìng)爭(zhēng)

allegiance/?'lid??ns/? n. 效忠，忠誠(chéng)套耕；忠貞

tyrant/'ta?r?nt/?? n. 暴君

prop up? ?v. 支撐谁帕；支持

despot/'d?spɑt/? n. 專制君主，暴君冯袍；獨(dú)裁者

benign??/b?'na?n/? adj. 良性的匈挖；溫和的

Outsiders have?noticed?that the continent is important and becoming more so,?not least?becauseof its growing share of the global population (by 2025 the?UN?predicts that there will be more Africans than Chinese people). Governments and businesses from all around the world are rushing to?strengthen?diplomatic, strategic and commercial?ties. This creates vast opportunities. If Africa?handles?the new scramble wisely, the main winners will be Africans themselves.

中譯：外界已經(jīng)注意到非洲大陸的重要性，而且正變得越來(lái)越重要康愤，尤其是因?yàn)樗谌蛉丝谥兴嫉谋壤絹?lái)越大(聯(lián)合國(guó)預(yù)測(cè)儡循，到2025年，非洲人口將超過(guò)中國(guó))征冷。世界各國(guó)政府和企業(yè)都急于加強(qiáng)同非洲國(guó)家在外交择膝、戰(zhàn)略和商業(yè)上的緊密聯(lián)系。這創(chuàng)造了巨大的機(jī)會(huì)检激。如果非洲能明智地把握這場(chǎng)新的爭(zhēng)奪调榄，主要的贏家將是非洲人自己踊赠。

第一段后半部分論述了第三波“爭(zhēng)奪”非洲浪潮興起的原因呵扛，最后一句呼應(yīng)了文章的副標(biāo)題“This time, the winners could be Africans themselves.”后面段落分別使用不同的論據(jù)來(lái)論述作者的這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)每庆。

noticevt. 注意到；留心 “notice”有一個(gè)比較常用的短語(yǔ)take notice of…今穿，“注意到缤灵；留意”。

同義替換是積累英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作素材的一個(gè)很有效的方法蓝晒，對(duì)我們理解詞匯的用法也很有幫助腮出。比如這里的“notice”，我們也可以用“realize”芝薇、“be aware of”胚嘲、“find out”等單詞或短語(yǔ)替換。

not least?=especially? ?尤其是

例如：We were very impressed by the new school, not least its own swimming pool. 新學(xué)校給我們很好的印象洛二，特別是它還有自己的游泳池馋劈。

strengthen???/'str??θn/? v. 加強(qiáng)；鞏固晾嘶；增強(qiáng)

handle/'h?ndl/? n. 把手妓雾；手柄? ?v. 處理；操作

tie是一個(gè)有多個(gè)含義的單詞垒迂，比較常見(jiàn)的含義是“領(lǐng)帶”械姻。如：

I wear a shirt and tie at work. 我上班穿襯衫打領(lǐng)帶。 除此之外机断，下列幾個(gè)含義在外文期刊中也經(jīng)常用到：

（1）n.?[一般用復(fù)數(shù)] a strong relationship between people, groups, or countries.〔人楷拳、團(tuán)體或國(guó)家之間的〕關(guān)系，聯(lián)系吏奸。本文中就是用的這個(gè)含義欢揖。

（2）vt.??to fasten something around, over etc something else and tie the ends together 把…系起來(lái)；固定搭配：tie sth around/over/under etc sth

例如：He had only a towel tied around his waist. 他只在腰間系了一條浴巾

（3）短語(yǔ)be tied to/by sth：被某事物束縛（約束苦丁，限制）

例如：Many women felt tied to the house. 很多婦女覺(jué)得自己被束縛在家里了浸颓。

The?extent?of foreign?engagement?is?unprecedented.?Start with?diplomacy. From 2010 to 2016 more than 320?embassies?were opened in Africa, probably the biggest embassy-building?boom?anywhere, ever. Turkey alone opened 26. Last year India announced it would open 18.

中譯：外國(guó)參與的程度是前所未有的。從外交開(kāi)始旺拉。從2010年到2016年产上，非洲新開(kāi)了320多個(gè)大使館，這可能是有史以來(lái)最大的一波使館開(kāi)設(shè)浪潮蛾狗。僅土耳其就開(kāi)設(shè)了26家晋涣。去年，印度宣布將開(kāi)設(shè)18家沉桌。

這部分的關(guān)鍵詞是“diplomacy”谢鹊，作者首先從各國(guó)與非洲之間外交關(guān)系的強(qiáng)化算吩，來(lái)論述各國(guó)對(duì)非洲的爭(zhēng)奪。

extent/?k'st?nt/? ?n. 程度佃扼；范圍偎巢；長(zhǎng)度。? ?短語(yǔ)to the extent兼耀，“到…的程度”压昼，例句：I asked my lawyers to the extent permitted by law to help those victims. ?我要求我的律師在法律允許的范圍內(nèi)幫助那些受害者。

engagement??/?n'ɡed?m?nt/? n. 訂婚瘤运；約會(huì)窍霞；交戰(zhàn)；參與度

unprecedented??/?n'pr?s?d?nt?d/? adj. 空前的拯坟；史無(wú)前例的

start with?從…開(kāi)始

embassy??/'?mb?si/? n. 大使館但金；大使館全體人員

boom ?/bu?m/? 這個(gè)單詞也是一個(gè)可以重點(diǎn)說(shuō)說(shuō)的單詞，boom是擬聲詞郁季，原意是“發(fā)出隆隆聲”冷溃，后引申為“激增，暴漲巩踏；繁榮”秃诵，既可作名詞也可作動(dòng)詞。比如有一個(gè)合成單詞baby-boom塞琼，指“嬰兒潮菠净；生育高峰”。再看兩個(gè)例句：

① After World War II, there were two things that, I think, contributed to the huge housing boom at that time.第二次世界大戰(zhàn)后,我認(rèn)為,那時(shí)房地產(chǎn)的巨大繁榮主要?dú)w結(jié)于兩件事彪杉。

② Sales are booming. ?銷售量在激增毅往。

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? （Boom Shakalaka）

Military?ties are?deepening, too. America and France are lending muscle and technology to the struggle against?jihadism?in theSahel. China is now the biggest arms seller to sub-Saharan Africa and has defence-technology ties with 45 countries. Russia has signed 19 military deals with African states since 2014. Oil-rich Arab states are building bases on the Horn of Africa and hiring African?mercenaries.

中譯：各國(guó)同非洲國(guó)家的軍事關(guān)系也在不斷深化。美國(guó)和法國(guó)正在為薩赫勒地區(qū)打擊圣戰(zhàn)主義的斗爭(zhēng)提供力量和技術(shù)支援派近。中國(guó)現(xiàn)在是撒哈拉以南非洲地區(qū)最大的武器進(jìn)口來(lái)源國(guó)攀唯，與45個(gè)國(guó)家建立了防務(wù)技術(shù)合作關(guān)系。自2014年以來(lái)渴丸，俄羅斯與非洲國(guó)家簽署了19項(xiàng)軍事協(xié)議侯嘀。石油資源豐富的阿拉伯國(guó)家正在非洲之角建立基地，雇傭非洲雇傭兵谱轨。

military/'m?l?t?ri/? n. 軍隊(duì)戒幔；軍人?? adj. 軍事的；軍人的

deepen??/'dip?n/?? v. 加深土童；深化

jihadism?n. 圣戰(zhàn)主義

Sahel薩赫勒（阿拉伯語(yǔ)： ?????诗茎，拉丁字母：sahil，意為“邊緣”）献汗。是非洲南部撒哈拉沙漠和中部蘇丹草原地區(qū)之間的一條長(zhǎng)超過(guò)3,800千米的地帶敢订，從西部大西洋伸延到東部非洲之角王污，橫跨塞內(nèi)加爾、毛里塔尼亞楚午、馬里昭齐、布基納法索、尼日爾醒叁、尼日利亞司浪、乍得、蘇丹共和國(guó)和厄立特里亞9個(gè)國(guó)家把沼。薩赫勒地區(qū)是世界上最貧瘠的地區(qū)，在1985年和1986年吁伺，薩赫勒地區(qū)有100多萬(wàn)人死于饑餓和疾病饮睬。該地區(qū)還是非洲大地上受到恐怖主義威脅最嚴(yán)重的地區(qū)之一。

mercenary?/'m?s?n?ri/? n. 雇傭兵

Commercial ties are being?upended. As recently as 2006 Africa’s three biggest trading partners were America, China and France, in that order. By 2018 it was China first, India second and America third (France was seventh). Over the same period Africa’s trade has more than?trebled?with Turkey and Indonesia, and more than?quadrupled?with Russia.

中譯：商貿(mào)關(guān)系正在被顛覆篮奄。2006年捆愁，非洲最大的三個(gè)貿(mào)易伙伴依次是美國(guó)、中國(guó)和法國(guó)窟却。到2018年昼丑，中國(guó)排名第一，印度第二夸赫，美國(guó)第三(法國(guó)第七)菩帝。同期，非洲與土耳其和印度尼西亞的貿(mào)易增長(zhǎng)了兩倍多茬腿，與俄羅斯的貿(mào)易增長(zhǎng)了三倍多呼奢。

upend?/?p'?nd/? vt. 倒放，顛倒

treble??/'tr?bl/? vi. 變成三倍

quadruple/kwɑ'drupl/? vi. 成為四倍

Trade with the European Union has grown by a more?modest?41%. The biggest sources of foreign direct investment are still?firms?from America, Britain and France, but Chinese ones, including?state-backed outfits, are?catching up, and investors from India and Singapore are?eager to?join the?fray.

中譯：與歐盟的貿(mào)易僅增長(zhǎng)了41%切平。外國(guó)直接投資的最大來(lái)源仍然是來(lái)自美國(guó)握础、英國(guó)和法國(guó)的公司，但是中國(guó)的公司悴品，包括政府支持的機(jī)構(gòu)禀综，正在迎頭趕上，來(lái)自印度和新加坡的投資者也渴望加入這場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)苔严。

modest?/'mɑd?st/? adj. 謙虛的定枷，謙遜的；適度的

firm?/f?m/? n. 公司邦蜜；商號(hào)

state-backed???國(guó)家支持的

outfit/'a?tf?t/?? n. 機(jī)構(gòu)依鸥；用具；全套裝備

catch up??趕上

be eager to do?渴望做

fray?/fre/?? n. 爭(zhēng)論悼沈；打架贱迟；磨損

今天就到這兒了姐扮，我們下期再見(jiàn)。感謝閱讀衣吠，希望能幫到你茶敏！

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