一.課文內(nèi)容
When a light passenger plane flew off course some time ago, it crashed in the mountains and its pilot was killed. The only passengers, a young woman and her two baby daughters,were unhurt. It was the middle of winter. Snow lay thick on the ground. The woman knew that the nearest village was miles away. When it grew dark, she turned a suitcase into a bed and put the children inside it, covering them with all the clothes she could find. During the night, it got terribly cold. The woman kept as near as she could to the children and even tried to get into the case herself, but it was too small. Early next morning, she heard planes passing over head and wondered how she could send a signal. Then she had an idea. She stamped out the letters 'SOS' in the snow. Fortunately, a pilot saw the signal and sent a message by radio to the nearest town. It was not long before a helicopter arrived on the scene to rescue the survivors of the plane crash.
二.小詞積累
1. 撞:crash（into air crash 空難）smash（into ）collide（with）
Definition：
crash:
Boom! Bam! Pow! A crashis when two things collide, or smash, into each other.Crashand smash have similar meanings and sounds.
You can start to worry when you hear the wordcrash. Many people die in car and airplane crashes every year. Other crashes are less physical yet just as bad. In a stock-market crash, a lot of people lose a lot of money. You can also usecrashas a verb. You'd better not crash your bike into the coffee shop window! If your computer crashes, you will probably lose all the data in it.
用法：crash（忽然跌下）可以把飛機(jī)做主語，也可以把飛機(jī)里的人做主語橘霎。例如：An
aeroplane crashed on a hillside near Tokyo last week. 和 The aviator crashed on a
hillside near Tokyo last week.
collide
是個(gè)瞬間動(dòng)詞（第四類）洗显〈可以是兩件都在移動(dòng)中或者一件在移動(dòng)中而另一件在靜止中的物體相碰撞巧勤」敛t！纠纭縏he two vehiclescollidedhead-on. 兩輛車迎頭相撞。/ He was so close behind me that he almostcollidedwith me when I stopped. 他在我后面很近豌鹤，我一停下來愿卸，他就幾乎同我相撞趴荸。/ A carcollidedviolently with a telephone pole yesterday morning. 昨天上午一輛汽車猛地撞上了一根電話桿顿涣。但是由此派生的名詞collision必須是兩件物體都在運(yùn)動(dòng)中〕耄【例如】The two trains came intocollision.兩列火車彼此相撞重窟。
smash
Smashdescribes the kind of complete deformation resulting from a heavy, noisy blow. This word suggests theshatteringof something brittle either by throwing it or by throwing something against it:smashingthe window with his bare fist: Hesmashedthe bottle to smithereens against the rocks.
2. 同齡人： peer 垮衷，cohort of my age
cohort
is a group of people who are around the same age, like a cohort of college students who have similar experiences and concerns.
The wordcohortwas originally used to describe a military unit in ancient Rome. You can see how this retains traces of the word’s origins: cohorts are bound together by similar circumstances just like a group of soldiers in a military unit. Some language purists insist that the word only describe a group, such as a cohort of accountants, but it can also refer to companions or supporters, such as “Susie and her cohorts.”
3. 盡管：regardless仰迁， despite， in spite of
4. 安然無恙:
unhurt; safe and sound（聲音，好）冰蘑，intact（一般不指人梯皿，多指物）the driver is safe and sound，and the car is intact；
5. 世界末日doom's day
6. helicopter parent 太過保護(hù)孩子的家長
7. 天災(zāi)人禍natural disaster and catastrophe caused by human being
8. 取得聯(lián)系:reach sb.(reach out to是“幫助別人” 或者“尋求幫助” )；communicate；get in touch with)
9. freshman大一袱箱；
sophomore大二（A sophomoreis in their second year, either in high school or college. Once you became asophomore, thinking you now knew everything, you pitied the freshmen for their confusion over how to write college papers.We also use the word for other seconds: a band's second album is usually called their sophomore album）筐咧；
junior大三艇挨；
senior大四
10. boarding school寄宿學(xué)校
11. 逃課：play truant,cut class;skip class
12. have the guts to do sth.有勇氣做某事；gut 還有直覺的意思
13. 選修課：elective course；必修課：compulsary course
14. 肯定地，毫無疑問地：surely 皇忿，undoubtly ，certainly
很少地，幾乎沒有地：barely ，seldom 傀履，rarely
15. 打破紀(jì)錄：set up a new record/break a record
16. when you in deep water/shit梆暮，處于水深火熱之中
17. SOS（save our souls）
三.語法講解
1.heard sb do（聽到一個(gè)動(dòng)作）/doing（聽到一個(gè)過程）
Mr Brain has just heard Zheng Jie playing the piano in a concert .布雷恩先生剛剛聽了鄭杰在音樂會(huì)上的鋼琴演奏窘游。
I read about you in the newspaper and decided to come and hear you play .
Fortunately people want to come and hear me play .
【講解】①在上述三個(gè)句子中艾蓝，可歸納為“主語+謂語+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語”的結(jié)構(gòu)。其中的賓語補(bǔ)足語可以是不帶to的不定式( play ) ,也可以是v - ing形式( playing ) .
②在see , hear , feel , watch , notice等表示感覺的動(dòng)詞后，既可用v - ing構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語，也可用不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語。兩者之間有時(shí)有差別。用v - ing ,表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，即處于發(fā)生的過程中留晚，還沒有結(jié)束赋焕；用不定式則表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生了僧界。hear sb . do sth .只說明“聽到某人做某事”這件事笆豁，強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果，故常用來表經(jīng)常性和重復(fù)性行為，hear sb . doing sth .強(qiáng)調(diào)“聽到某人正做某事”波俄。類似的動(dòng)詞還有see , notice , look at , listen to等冬念。試比較：
Do you hear someone knocking at the door? (講時(shí)還在敲)
I heard someone knock at the door three times . (講時(shí)敲的動(dòng)作已結(jié)束)
I noticed her coming into the room .
I noticed her come into her room and sit down on one chair
2. long before 很久以前裆针，before long不久另假，很快
(1)老早，早就(單獨(dú)使用，表示比過去某時(shí)早得多的時(shí)間)。如：
She had left long before.她老早就離開了。
That had happenedlong before.那事老早就發(fā)生了。
注：long ago表示“很久以前”嘲碱，指的是從現(xiàn)在算起的很久以前琅绅，通常與一般過去時(shí)連用：
I met him long ago.我很久以前就認(rèn)識(shí)他了县貌。
(2)在……的很久以前洒放，在還沒有……的很久以前。如：
She had left long before his return [he returned].在他回來的很久以前她就走了。
He had worked in the factory long before he got married.在他還沒有結(jié)婚的很久以前他就在這家工廠工作了。
注：此時(shí)的主句謂語通常用過去完成時(shí)，但有時(shí)也可用一般過去時(shí)(因?yàn)?before已體現(xiàn)了動(dòng)作的先后關(guān)系)。如：
This happened long before you were born.這事在你還沒出生以前很久就發(fā)生了荤胁。
It is [was, will be]long before......在……前需要很久。如：
It was long before he came back.過了好久他才回來躯喇。
It won't be long before we see each other.不久我們又會(huì)見面的。
比較：
It wasn't long before he realized his mistake. /Before long he realized his mistake.不久他意識(shí)到了自己的錯(cuò)誤。
3. snow lay thick on the ground以物做主語，it happened（happen為不及物動(dòng)詞，沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)）
四. 讀音糾正（來源于小伙伴們的糾音，非常感謝）
1. pilot(schwa sound ）,suffer, discover， sofa，yoga，cinema,idea, china, criteria, famous，nervous詞尾非重讀的元音細(xì)聽下來都是倒寫的e,即央元音；
2. Perfect 這種雙音節(jié)的實(shí)詞，形容詞讀作/'p??f?kt/，動(dòng)詞讀作/p?'fekt/
3. Penalty Penalize /'pin?la?z/
Compare Comparable /'kɑmp?r?bl/
Wild animal Bewildering
perseverance /?p?s?'v?r?ns/
4. 4個(gè)人稱代詞Him her his he ，3個(gè)助動(dòng)詞have has had 在句中時(shí), h一般不發(fā)音，并且和前面的詞發(fā)生輔元連讀披诗。
5. 重音stress: 正如Eric一直強(qiáng)調(diào)的宪摧，Stress是發(fā)音的重點(diǎn)沿彭，一共有3種睦裳，1. word stress 2. compound word stress 3. sentence stress 而語調(diào)的上揚(yáng)和下降就取決于sentence stress, 所以它也叫tonic stress 語調(diào)重音
一般來說，像 un- in- um- im- 這樣的否定前綴，都不會(huì)重讀，重音都落在它們之后，所以就像Eric說的那樣站辉，uni可以讀的很清楚汰蓉，也可以連讀若厚。unimaginative 這個(gè)詞太長乞封，所以詞首加了次重音关串，但重音還是在un之后。此外，重讀也是相對的 次重讀不要超過重讀就好了。
Dry river bed 像這種三個(gè)實(shí)詞放在一起的時(shí)候枉疼，為了保持節(jié)奏感席舍，中間的那個(gè)實(shí)詞往往讀的都不是很重福铅，即兩頭重略荡，中間輕肛根。如果碰到三個(gè)單音節(jié)的實(shí)詞芭届，這個(gè)時(shí)候傾向于三個(gè)單詞上揚(yáng)，同時(shí)中間有pause, 比如two small bear中two和small中間停一下，small和bear中間也停一下。他們管這叫stress timing.
Local authorities 兩個(gè)單詞都實(shí)詞重讀瓮增，但后面的authorities 由于在結(jié)尾谬运，它的重音算tonic stress, 應(yīng)比前面的local 讀的再重些。
when a light passenger plane flew off course some time ago ,it crashed in the mountains . ago語調(diào)上揚(yáng)，以表示話沒說完
6. /i：/和/i/是有區(qū)別的，/i：/比較長腊状，像衣的讀音 苟鸯，譬如sleep，而/i/讀音短促，比較慵懶，譬如if滤愕；
7. City 和set up 中的t因?yàn)樵趦蓚€(gè)元音中間巩割，并且t 后面的音節(jié)不重讀，所以t 讀的有點(diǎn)像d, 具體的讀法是舌尖上抬點(diǎn)一下齒齦然后瞬速落下饭玲，還有類似的讀音欢伏，如better，water, party
8. biscuit/'b?sk?t/鼓寺，thousands s讀成/z/
9. school usually all 要有卷舌,舌頭要往上翹。School all usually 這三個(gè)詞l 在元音后面時(shí)，叫dark l叭首，AAT 中說我們在練習(xí)美音中的dark l 時(shí)可以a. 把舌頭從齒間伸出，b. 在l的后面加一個(gè)微弱的schwa sound 幫助我們加強(qiáng)這個(gè)音肝陪。有些美國人發(fā)這個(gè)音時(shí)，舌頭是不抬起來抵上齒齦的布隔，一共三個(gè)人排苍，都來自美國中西部哭靖。
kill和cure的區(qū)別：kill要把l發(fā)出來，要不然就像cure的讀音
10. Shady 中的/ei/是雙元音腐晾，類似于遠(yuǎn)處有人在喊我們的名字時(shí)凝颇，我們大聲應(yīng)答的聲音腺怯。
11. Spot 中的元音應(yīng)該是口型開口度較大的/a/帜篇，可能是想美國人在西進(jìn)運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)一片一片的種莊稼凯亮，那時(shí)地廣人稀，通話基本靠喊窄锅，所以你現(xiàn)在聽中西部的美音基本都把o喊成了/a/，可以聽他們怎么發(fā)god, job. 相對來說，你聽東部和南部的口音還是開口度比較小的拆挥。3. Sherrif你說的也對纸兔。/r/音我在讀時(shí)會(huì)想到r在美音的強(qiáng)勢位置，總是會(huì)有意讀的很重，因此后面的音節(jié)聽著也重了。說到這昆箕，美音(GA)還有一個(gè)叫r-coloring現(xiàn)象骆姐，即r音前面的元音會(huì)染上r音桥爽，這個(gè)你可以聽他們讀hero, zero, oral時(shí)元音舌位的變化缀去，都是偏r音的侣灶。
12 . 美式 英式
operation/?ɑp?'re??n/?/?p?'re??(?)n/
? ? ? ? ? /?/? /ɑ? /
講解：/咧嘴的梅花/?/與卷舌的長音/ɑr/：英美語中都存在/?/音，具體的發(fā)音方法也沒什么差別缕碎。許多學(xué)習(xí)英語發(fā)音的人在發(fā)這個(gè)音時(shí)口型開不到位褥影，發(fā)得不飽滿。嘴盡可能張大咏雌，最好下巴再向前伸一下凡怎，基本就會(huì)發(fā)準(zhǔn)的。雖說英美語在這個(gè)音上沒什么分歧赊抖，然而它們對于這個(gè)音各自的運(yùn)用卻是截然不同的统倒，且美語里不存在/ɑ:/音。我們可以參照國際音標(biāo)簡潔地歸納出美語的/?/音運(yùn)用規(guī)則：英語中原本發(fā)/?/音的熏迹，在美語里同樣發(fā)/?/音檐薯；英語中的/ɑ:/音在美語里分別由/?/與/ɑr/兩種形式來對應(yīng)。但凡英語音標(biāo)為/ɑ:/且單詞中對應(yīng)的是ar組合（如car）注暗，那么美語中的對應(yīng)音標(biāo)為/ɑr/坛缕，在發(fā)音時(shí)要注意在收尾時(shí)發(fā)出/r/音，如Car /ka:/ /kɑr/捆昏。而對于英語中發(fā)/ɑ:/但詞中無字母R的單詞（如pass）赚楚，美語中則基本（father中的a在英式中發(fā)/a:/，而美式中發(fā)/a/）一律發(fā)成/?/音,如Pass /pa:s/ /p?s/骗卜。在這一點(diǎn)上英美語最有意思的分歧是CAN’T這個(gè)詞宠页，音標(biāo)分別是/ca:nt/ /c?nt/，體會(huì)體會(huì)吧寇仓。
last /l?st/ /lɑ?st/
can't /k?nt/?/kɑ?nt/
其他類
figure ?/'f?ɡj?/ ?/'f?g?/
from ??/fr?m/?/fr?m/
美音多加r举户，而英音多不加r
13.hard r 的讀音要讀出來，自己經(jīng)常不讀遍烦，要注意俭嘁，類似的還有normally，article（中間的r要發(fā)出來胺怼）
14. when it /whe nit/
asked ?/t/ 梅花音
following ing的部分太輕
exactly 音不清楚
參考blue:文章的語音語調(diào)的重讀：the same policeman/answer ? same都應(yīng)該重讀供填，最后的警察發(fā)怒后拐云，yesterday,Before應(yīng)該重讀表示情緒
